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Saclay CEA/IRFU is working for the delivery of five Non-Invasive Profile Monitors in the frame of the in-kind contribution agreement signed with the European Spallation Source. Neutrons will be produced by spallation reactions of 2 GeV proton beam impinging on a Tungsten target. To accelerate protons a powerful linear accelerator of 5MW is under construction. Diagnostic devices are mandatory tools for the tuning and protection of the machine. The non-invasive profile monitors provide a measurement of the beam profile in transverse directions to the beam propagation. This project raises several physical and technical challenges including low signal detection of ions or electrons, profile distortions induced by the beam Space Charge effect and non-uniformities of electric field. Simulation and model of the critical aspects of the detector have been performed in order to prove the performance and the feasibility of the detector. A series of prototypes has been built with different readout types, and tested in real conditions at the 3MeV proton accelerator IPHI. All of them show some advantages and drawbacks revealed by the tests in real beam conditions. In this paper we present the results of the tests for the various configuration readout systems to agree with the model and simulation of the detector. In concluding remarks, we will discuss the performance of the prototypes and point out the camerabased one to be the more suitable for the final design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Market clearing price (MCP) has been the prime operating function for a pool operator in energy trading scenario. Its main objective is to maximize the social welfare function where the society i.e. both the generating companies and the consumers are benefited and unbiased. Many researchers take stepped bid functions of both the generators and consumers as inputs for determining MCP (λ). But owing to reason of having less information and less realistic, quadratic bidding functions are preferred and a closed form solution scheme with and without loss have been developed. Gradient technique has been used for finding the mcp when losses are considered. All the above solution has been interpreted using graphical approach. The proposed approach has been tested on a 30 bus system and a 3 unit system. From the results, a conceptual understanding has been made and how various market conditions have an impact on the MCP is discussed. The results obtained are quite encouraging and useful for the present context of deregulation and restructuring of electricity market. MATLAB 7.0 has been used to carry out the simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Competitive environment in electricity retail sector helps to promote the efficiency of electricity demand and also provides preferred and affordable electricity price for the customers. However, due to the variation of Market Clearing Price (MCP) in the power supply market there is a hardly avoidable risk for the Electricity Retail Company. The overall objective for this study is to determine and perform preliminary analysis of an efficient electricity retail price in competitive market by using quantitative methods. Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is used for the financial analysis, while risk factor has been considered by using Risk Adjustment Recovery on Capital (RAROC). According to the using of CAPM and RAROC, the retailer company is expected to make highest return to the investment at the retail price of $24/MWh and is expected to bear highest risk of loss at the retail price of $25/MWh. Moreover, few recommendations are suggested for future work such as adding more variables cost, include transmission and distribution service charges within retail price, and demand bidding should be also integrated for bidding up the MCP. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Forthcoming experiments aimed at studying the mechanism of collinear cluster tripartition are planning to be performed with the new facility. Charged products will be registered with the double arm time-of-flight spectrometer composed of mosaics of PIN -diodes and MCP (micro channel plates) based timing detectors. Several tens of 3He-filled counters will be gathered round the 252Cf source. In order to choose an optimal configuration of the neutron detector and other parameters of the experiment special modeling has performed using both “neutron barrel” and known MCNP code. The first test run of the new facility is in progress also its “neutron skin” in under construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is to report on the second step in constructing Compound Refractive Lens for focusing 175 keV X-rays for Magnetic Compton Scattering experiment at the BL08W beamline in SPring-8. The lens consists of the metallic plates with small parabolic grooves pressed into it. The first lens for this high energy was made of Fe. Recently we have performed a test on the lens made of Ni and found that it has a focal length of 2.6 m with a size of 9 microns in FWHM. The focused beam is still weaker than the designed value, but it has already achieved two times higher density than unfocused beam. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]