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Bogor Municipality with the population of 1,030,720 is crossed by two major rivers, Ciliwung and Cisadane which flow through Jakarta Greater Metropolitan Area. Related to Land Use Land Cover Change (LULCC) in watershed environment, it is interesting to compare the urban growth in Bogor Municipality within Ciliwung and Cisadane watershed to explore its driving factors. This study tries to perform urban growth modeling in Ciliwung and Cisadane watershed both located in Bogor Municipality by integrating the CA-Markov with Frequency Ratio (FR). In addition, LULC maps of Bogor Municipality in 2000 and 2007 will be used to extract the non-urban and urban areas in both watersheds. Results showed that all classes of distance to toll road and highway have FR > 1, which indicates that both factors have played an important role in driving urban growth occurrence in Ciliwung and Cisdane watersheds. When compared with LULC map of Bogor Municipality in 2014, it projected urban areas in Ciliwung parts by using integrated CA-Markov and FR showed overall accuracy of 73.14%. While urban location in Cisadane watershed within Bogor Municipality showed an overall accuracy of 74.93% when compared with the actual map of Cisadane's urban location in 2014. Based on the integrated CA-Markov and FR, it can be predicted that in 2021, 62.37% of Ciliwung areas and 50.05% of the areas in Cisadane within Bogor Municipality will become urban. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sub-tropical river basins are one of the complex ecosystems and are said to be self-sustaining if left undisturbed. But due to rapid urbanization, unplanned infrastructure developments and over exploitation of the natural resources, these river basins are under extreme pressure especially in terms of water resources. Altered hydrology is a characteristic of urbanized river basins. Therefore, for sustainable river basin ecosystem management, the inadequate knowledge about the factors influencing the river basin ecosystems is one of the major problems. Some conventional methods used for such studies include analysis of the data collected from gauge stations, surveying and sampling method which ultimately leads to the development of statistical models. These models are able to establish the correlations between some factors but they are not functionally viable. For effective river basin ecosystem management, a model is required by the planners to understand the hidden correlations between the factors affecting the urban river basin ecosystem. This paper describes a framework model to study the effects of urbanization on river basin ecosystem using geospatial technologies. To perform the study at regional scale, an attempt has been made to integrate the geospatial data with hydrological, meteorological and environmental data. The results will help to understand the effect of spatio-temporal land use land cover change dynamics on the ecosystem of a rapidly urbanizing sub-tropical watershed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]