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Background: The indicators of a person's hematological and immunological status are critical components of their overall health evaluation. To aid in diagnosing various disorders, the quantitative measurement of standard reference ranges for hematological and immunological markers in seemingly healthy persons is performed. Most of the reference values now being utilized in Asia and Africa were derived from studies conducted on people in industrialized nations, Objectives: The present study had the goal of reviewing existing literature and developing normal reference ranges for haematological and immunological markers in the Thi-Qar region of southern Iraq. The estimated pooled mean and 95 per cent confidence interval (93 per cent CI) of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in males were 5.29 x 1012/l (95 per cent CI; 6.14-4.44.4 x 1012/l) and 4.77 x 1012/l respectively, the blood markers included white and red blood cells, haemoglobin rate, blood platelets, and differential count of white blood cells. where didn't record any significant difference among the Parameters Mean of the present review compared with the Mean reference according to the results of the meta-analysis using the random effect model?Conclusion: Compared to a developed nation's reference range, the computed pooled The mean and 95% CI for hematological and immunological markers differed little. But not significantly. total of 8,148 participants who seemed to be in good health was evaluated for hematological and immunological markers in the studies that were included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the efficacy of Aloe vera gel against the deficiency in all of the white blood cells (leukopenia) and platelets (thrombocytopenia) that are induced by the effections of drugs(Methotrexate and Azathioprine) and provide the protection and treatment from this deficiency, if drugs are taken alone or in combination in cases that require it, where the results showed significantly reduced in platelets and white blood cell counts, compared with the control group, would be significantly raised by the treatment with the gel of Aloe vera orally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of studies on the effect of aqueous solutions of C60 fullerene on the blood parameters of white rats. The first group of animals served as control. An aqueous solution of C60 fullerene was injected at a dose of 1 ml per (according to DV 5 mg/kg) 1 kg of body weight (group 2 animals). A compound based on an aqueous solution of C60 fullerene, including an aqueous solution of C60 fullerene, L-carnosine and succinic acid, was also introduced in the following ratio of components, wt. /mg: aqueous solution of C60 fullerene, stabilized with pluronic F-127 - 5 ml (5 mg by DV), L-carnosine - 50 mg, succinic acid - 50 mg per 1 kg of body weight (group 3). The studied compounds were administered intramuscularly, once. Glycerin load was carried out 24 hours after the administration of the studied compounds. It has been established that an aqueous solution of C60 fullerene causes a change in the hematological parameters of the body of laboratory animals. It was found that there is an increase in the number of erythrocytes by 17.8% (group 2 animals) and 34.4% (group 3 animals), and an increase in hemoglobin levels by 17.8% (group 2 animals) and 34.4% (group 3 animals) relative to control relative to control (1 group of animals). However, there was no significant change in the number of leukocytes. There is also stimulation of iron metabolism, which is expressed in an increase in the total iron-binding capacity of blood serum in animals of the second group by 28.18%, in the third group - by 42.1%, the total iron-binding capacity of blood serum by 28.18%, and 42.1 %, the level of transferrin concentration by 30.0% and 71.1%, respectively, relative to the animals of the first group (control). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cocoa pulp is a membrane that covers cocoa beans, and it is a by-product of the cocoa fermentation process. The cocoa pulp contains high enough protein (7%) to meet the livestock needs and is better for body metabolism. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of rearing management period for adult Bali cattle fed concentrate containing cocoa pulp on hematological levels, i.e., red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Ht). The study was conducted using a completely randomized design consisting of three treatments and four replications, requiring 12 heads of male Bali cattle. The treatments have consisted of 30-days of rearing management periods as P1, 45-days as P2, and 60-days as P3, respectively. The result revealed that although the concentrates containing cocoa pulp fed for Bali cattle with different periods of rearing management did not affect hematological levels. WBC increased along with the increasing periods of rearing management above the threshold. Therefore, it can suggest that the concentrate containing cocoa pulp was not feeding to the Bali cattle for more than 60-days. It could be interfered with the livestock's metabolism and then disrupt their health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of urea palms sugar block (UPSB) supplementation to domestic goats based on their blood's haematological profile. This study was conducted in three months, and involved 12 male local goats, aged 12 months with a body weight ranging from 20 to 25 kg. They were placed in individual cage sized 1x0.7x0.5 m3, which is equipped with a special feeding are for UPSB. Supplementation of UPSB was given constantly at 300 grams/head/day and goats were given ad libitum access to water. We treated the rations of forage and UPSB as follows: R0 = corn straw ad libitum+0 g UPSB and R1 = corn straw ad libitum+300 g UPSB. The hematological profiles observed in this study were erythrocyte count, leukocyte count, haemoglobin and haematocrit. We analyzed all data using t-test. The results showed the leukocyte count ranged from 8.8x106/mm3 to 10.0x106/mm3, and was not significant (p>0.05) among treatments. Leukocyte count also showed no significant difference (p>0.05) among treatments with value ranging from 7.7x103/mm3 to 9.0x103/mm3. Haemoglobin did not show any significant difference (p>0.05) among treatment and ranged between 8.6 and 9.7 g/dL. Haematocrit values ranged from 26.8 to 28.1% and was also not significantly different among treatments (p>0.05). These non-significances were probably due to the quality of feed and the conditions of livestock were not much different among treatments. We concluded that despite there were statistically non-significant, UPSB supplementation to corn straw forage for goats showed an increasing trend on hematological profile of goats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic inflammation is a basic feature of end stage kidney disease and is associated with increasing risk of mortality and morbidity in patients undergoing dialysis.The study amid to evaluate white blood cells and IL-6 in patients undergoing hemodialysis and without hemodialysis. The study was designed on 95 patients with chronic renal failure age range (19-26years). IL-6 were determined by using a Magnamy device. Total white blood cells count and differential count were determined by using a Sysmex device. Results showed a significant decrease of total white blood cells count, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils in hemodialytic group when compared with conservative group. But IL-6 levels increases significantly in patient group when compared with control group. Conclusion: - hemodialysis session impaired immune system and activated anti-inflammatory factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aims to measurement of some physiological parameter and biochemistry such as Hemoglobin (Hb), Platelets count (PT), White Blood Cells count (WBCs), Ferritin (Fe), Phosphorus and parameters of kidney functions are Urea and Creatinine, then compared the results with healthy people. The results showed that there was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the values of Hb and PT compared to the healthy people and non-significant difference (P>0.05) was showed in WBC account in patients with chronic renal failure, there was a significant increase (P<0.05) in concentrations of ferritin, phosphorous, urea and creatinine when compared with healthy people. It was concluded that there is a relationship between the kidney defect that occurs in patients with kidney failure and some physiological and biochemical parameters such as: Hemoglobin, platelets, WBCs, ferritin, phosphorus creatinine and urea levels, where levels change significantly compared with the control group. Elevated ferritin isn't an indicator of iron execessive; it may represent the presence of inflammation. This leads to serious complications, so they must be controlled and patients should be given appropriate medications [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background, The clinical characteristics and laboratory abnormalities play a crucial role in detection and prediction the clinical outcomes of peoples infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study we assessed the differences in leukocyte differential counts in peoples with COVID-19 according to blood oxygen level (BOL). Methods, A study was conducted of 76 peoples with moderate to critical infection admitted to the hospital from December 3, 2020, through January 26, 2021, in Al Amal specialist Hospital, Iraq. Leukocyte differential counts were measured and compared between peoples according to the oxygen saturation (SpO2) as early predictors of disease progression. Results, In this study, 76 patients were included (40 male and 36 female), persons with SpO2>90% were younger as compared to other persons with SpO2≤90%. Of all patients, 25(32.9%) were in critical infection while 20(26.3%) were in severe infection and 31(40.8%) represent as moderate cases. All the severe disease were in peoples with BOL less than 90%, 16(40%) who received steroids. Conclusion, Among persons infected with COVID-19, a lower presenting SpO2 who had underlying diseases are more possible to develop neutrophilia, leukocytosis, lymphopenia with a high rate of admission to an intensive care unit and predicted as severe disease outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The probiotic bacteria are characterized to produce compounds have an antibacterial potential and working as immunomodulators, the purpose of this study is evaluation the antibacterial activity and topical healing ability of exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by probiotic bacteria whichis Enterococcus faecalis in skin wounds in laboratory animals, and investigate what mechanism EPSs will take to modify the immune response after apply to wounds. The experimental design of this study has several steps as following 100 urine specimen was collected from patients with UTI for isolation and identification E. faecalis followed by extraction and purification EPSs from the obtained bacteria by using ethanol precipitation method and dialysis bag, the concentration of carbohydrate in EPS was estimated according to Dubois method relying on the standard curve of glucose, the four concentration was prepared from purified EPSs (0.125, 0.250, 0,5 and 1 mg/ ml) to evaluate the antibacterial activity against S. aureus in vitro by using agar diffusion method, finally selected the concentration that recorded the highest antibacterial activity for ointment preparation to evaluate the healing ability of the EPSs in vivio, this experiment was included six groups, the animals were anesthetizing by injecting them into the abdominal cavity with Chloral Hydrate 10% (0.35 ml / 100 g) the circle wound (diameter 10 mm) was performed with punch biopsy.Group I : treated with normal Saline daily. Group II: treated with Vaseline only daily. Group III: treated by the ointment only daily. Group IV: the wound was contaminated with S.aureus (by pour 150 ml of bacteria suspension over the wound surface) and after 2 hours the ointment was applied daily. The wound diameter was calculated after 13 day, the immunological parameters of this experiment were included white blood cell count and differential counting, Toll Like Receptor 2 level, interleukin 10, 17 level measured after 7 days of treatment. The result of this study reported 5 % E. faecalis was isolated from the urine specimens and EPS contained 88 % of carbohydrates, on the other hand the concentration (1 mg /ml) showed the highest antibacterial activity. for in vivo study group IV expressed the highest rate of wound healing and highest TLR-2, IL-10 and 17 level with a significant difference at p ≤ 0.05 comparison with other groups, while the total white blood cell account and absolute number was varied between the studied groups. Depending on the obtained results, the current study concluded the purified EPS showed an antibacterial activity potential against S. aureus in different concentrations in vitro study, also purified EPSs from E. faecalis showed a healing ability significantly when used as a topical ointment on the skin wound contaminated with S.aureus which played rule as an immunoregulation by induce 1L-10 production and reduce the inflammatory stage during healing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long-term exogenous insulin injection can cause hematopoietic disorders that can affect hematological status. This study aimed to examine the effect of exogenous insulin injection on hematological status in rats (Rattus norvegicus L.). This study uses a completely randomized design with 3 groups and not similar replications. The groups were P0 : control, P1 and P2 : rats were injected with exogenous insulin at a dose of 2 IU/Kg body weight for 14 days and 28 days subcutaneously in the abdomen. Hematological status was observed at the end of treatment, namely erythrocytes, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value, erythrocyte index, total and differential leukocytes, number of platelets. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and LSD post hoc test. The results show that insulin injection at dose 2 IU/Kg did not have a significant effect on erythrocytes, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, number of leukocytes, number of neutrophils, number of lymphocytes, and number of platelets (p > 0.05), but had a significant effect on mean corpuscular hemoglobin and number of monocytes (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that exogenous insulin injection for 14 days can cause disturbances in hematological status in the form of a decrease in mean corpuscular hemoglobin and an increase in the number of monocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted in Al Zahra Teaching Hospital and Al-Sadr Hospital in Najaf Governorate for a period from 3/5/2020 until 1/8/2020, and it aimed to assess some physiological and biochemical changes for children with kidney failure and Adenovirus, The study included a follow-up of 75 cases of both sexes, Including 50 patients with renal failure and Adenovirus infection, in addition to the control group consisting of (25) cases of children with renal failure only, as the statistical results of this study showed a significant decrease (P <0.05) in hemoglobin concentration, blood supply and counts. Platelet count and total white blood cell counts in renal failure patients with adenovirus compared to control group. The results of the differential counts of white blood cells showed a significant increase (P <0.05) in the percentage of neutrophils, monocytes and eosinophils, while the percentage of lymphocytes decreased significantly (P <0.05) in the patient group compared to the control. The results of the biochemical tests showed a significant increase (P <0.05) in the concentration of triglycerides and the activity of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), and a significant decrease (P <0.05) in the concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and the activity of the enzymes Aspartate transaminase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in patients compared with the control group. The present study concluded that there is a greater negative effect of the presence of adenovirus for renal failure in most of the physiological and biochemical variables studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MarolisTM is one of commercial probiotic product in the world of animal husbandry. MarolisTM contains various microbes that can help increase growth and improve animal health. The research aimed to determine the effect of MarolisTM on hematological profile and health of broiler chickens through organs function test. This study used 40 broiler chickens, consisted of 4 treatment groups based, they are control group without probiotic, probiotic treatment group with a concentration of 0,5 ml, 0,1 ml, and 1,5 ml in drinking water for 42 days. The parameter observed are hematology comprising the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, number of leukocyte and differential count, and measurement of SGPT and creatinine levels. Data obtained were analyzed by one way ANOVA and continued with Duncan test. The results showed that administration of MarolisTM probiotic no effect on creatinine and SGPT levels, also did not effect the number of leukocytes, hemoglobin and number of diffrential leukocytes expect monocytes. The administration of Marolis probiotics has no significant effect on creatinine and SGPT levels, haemoglobin levels, and number of leukocyte, but has a significant effect on decreasing of leukocytes count especially monocytes. There is a tendency of administration Marolis probiotic is able to increase the number of erythrocytes back to normal levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scoring systems used for detection of sepsis and sepsis related organ failure use respiratory, cardiovascular, hepatic, coagulation, renal and neurological data. These systems may focus on the prevention, detection or outcome of a septic episode. While most of them consider indicators traditionally used in medicine for similar purposes, studies have shown a correlation between patient's outcomes and data from the electronic health record that is not traditionally considered. The objective of this work is to evaluate the potential for different digital biomarkers in predicting severe sepsis and septic shock and their correlation to each other. We extract these biomarkers from the electronic health record. We include vital signs data, lab tests, among others. We evaluate the features by analyzing their performance in Machine Learning Classification and Machine Learning Regression models. We achieved an overall prediction accuracy of 73% for septic shock and we can approximate White Blood Cell counts with a Root Main Square Error of 6.06. We then rank the features by their predominance in these models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In white blood cell (WBC) diagnosis, the most crucial measurement parameter is the WBC counting. Such information is widely used to evaluate the effectiveness of cancer therapy and to diagnose several hidden infection within human body. The current practice of manual WBC counting is laborious and a very subjective assessment which leads to the invention of computer aided system (CAS) with rigorous image processing solution. In the CAS counting work, segmentation is the crucial step to ensure the accuracy of the counted cell. The optimal segmentation strategy that can work under various blood smeared image acquisition conditions is remain a great challenge. In this paper, a comparison between different segmentation methods based on color space analysis to get the best counting outcome is elaborated. Initially, color space correction is applied to the original blood smeared image to standardize the image color intensity level. Next, white blood cell segmentation is performed by using combination of several color analysis subtraction which are RGB, CMYK and HSV, and Otsu thresholding. Noises and unwanted regions that present after the segmentation process is eliminated by applying a combination of morphological and Connected Component Labelling (CCL) filter. Eventually, Circle Hough Transform (CHT) method is applied to the segmented image to estimate the number of WBC including the one under the clump region. From the experiment, it is found that G-S yields the best performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During spring in Manitoba, Canada, 120 red-sided garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) were collected (Oregon State University ACUP no. 4317) and 200-300 ml blood was taken from caudal tail veins for leukocyte analyses. Sodium heparin was used as an anticoagulant (less than 5 ml/syringe). Manitoba experienced a drought during the study; all snakes were collected from den sites that had no water within 500 meters. Two treatment groups included: snakes provided humidity (43) a desiccant (42), and a control group with no manipulation of humidity (35). Reference ranges for WBC counts were determined based on animals lacking heterophil and lymphocyte reactivity; total WBC count range resulted in 3400-22115 WBC/ml. Newly emerged males (seasonal virgins, NeM) did not show a significant difference in total WBCs compared to males previously mated within the season (unpaired T-test, P value = 0.5274, t = 0.6353), suggesting that mated status does not alter overall leukocyte counts in males. NeM did show a higher mean heterophil count at 15.2 cells/µl over 10.29 cells/µl (P = 0.02, t = 2.381). Treatments with humidity levels did not affect WBC counts whether individuals were kept in humid or dry conditions (one-way ANOVA, F = 1.030, P = 0.3603). Females had slightly higher WBC counts with a mean of 11,231 WBC/ml compared to males with a mean of 9,026 WBC/ml (P-value = 0.02823, t = 2.21) (Fig 1). Females also had increased heterophils (17.5 cells/µl, males: 11.7 cells/µl, P = 0.001, t = 3.24), and monocytes (63.3 cells/µl, males: 53.7, P = 0.01, t = 2.56) but decreased lymphocyte counts compared to males (14.8 cells/µl, males: 29.7 cells/µl, P = 0.0001, t = 3.99). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]