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Diseases of the human musculoskeletal system are increasingly common, especially those affecting the knee joint, for various reasons, including those that result from aging of the human body or rheumatic disease. Continuous passive movement (CPM) that is performed by an external force is used to rehabilitate the knee and is one of the assistive techniques to restore its functions. Early knee motion recovery therapy has a positive effect on reducing postoperative pain, hospitalization duration, and knee swelling. In the current work, efforts have been made to study and discuss the current issues related to the components, designs, fabricating, and methods of treatment of continuous passive motion (CPM) machine. Review and study the latest research and studies related to the design of continuous passive motion (CPM) machine and the related study of lower limbs diseases, and the advantages and complications of the process. The design, development, and fabrication of a simple, lightweight continuous passive motion (CPM) machine as an affiant way to help ease knee pain through physical therapy was implemented. The design and manufacture of several device parts included the use of the mechanical design program ANSYS 18.0. and 3D printing processes were implemented. The efficiency of the produced (CPM) machine with the three speeds provided by the device was tested and examined on several patients with paralysis as a result of strokes, risk after knee surgery, and severe pain in the lower extremities. The device showed a great help to patients in reducing pain, and the risk of DVT after knee surgery in increasing a joint's range of motion, reducing the length of hospital stays, and reducing the need for manual movement of the joint while people are under anesthetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Knee osteoarthritis is an interaction of biological, mechanical and biochemical factors which is complicated by injury, with an accelerated pathological processes of the joint. Especially the athletes, particularly those with a history of knee injury that can lead to posttraumatic osteoarthritis, are diagnosed earlier than other people with same age. The aim of this paper was to find the most effective rehabilitation treatment for these patients to reduce pain and inflammation and improve knee joint mobility. Methods The study was focused on 15 patients, retired performance athletes aged 46-71 years. Patients were diagnosed with secondary knee osteoarthritis at "Bunavestire" Rehabilitation Hospital of Craiova. Patients received 2 curative therapy consisting of physical therapy sessions and kinetic program, between September 2017 and February 2018. Patients were evaluated: I - initially at first physical exam, II - after 6 months, at the end of curative therapy. The effects of treatment were monitorized using goniometric measurements for knee joint mobility and VAS scale as a method of quanitify pain intensity. Results In terms of age distribution, patients between 46-55years (64%) of the urban area predominate (53%). The incidence of knee osteoarthritis was higher in women performing sports (60%) than in men of the same category. Patient pain assessment was performed using the VAS scale from day 1 to the end of the rehab program, with the average pain VAS scale measurement decreasing from 82.66% initially to 17.39%. Goniometric measurement of articular mobility made from day 1 to the end of the cure shows that knee amplitude increased by 20-25° to flexion and by 10-15° to extension. Conclusions Patients with knee osteoarthritis in the study group experienced improvements in joint mobility, pain was greatly reduced and inflammation decreased. As a result of the physical and kinetic program, an improvement of the quality of life was achieved and the ADL capacities increased significantly at this patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]