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The drip irrigation system is considered one of the most effective to rationalize water consumption. Therefore, interesting in studying this system and evaluating its performance has become a priority in many countries of the world. In the present study, Experiments were conducted to evaluate the hydraulic performance of drip irrigation systems using four types of drippers (emitters) with different spacing between drippers (0.2 m, 0.4 m, 0.6 m, 0.8 m, and 1 m) under the operating flow pressure of 1.5 bar at the lateral pipe inlet. The experiments were conducted from 14th November 2021 to 17th January 2022. The performance parameters studied were efficiency of application (Ea), emissions uniformity in the field (EUf), uniformity of absolute emissions (EUa), coefficient of manufacturing variation (CVm), uniformity of design emission (EUd), and variation of emitter flow rate (qvar). Results showed that spacing between drippers has a significant effect on the performance of the drip irrigation system. The highest value of Ea, EUf, EUa, and EUd was obtained when the spacing between drippers is 1 m while at a spacing of 0.2 m, the lowest value of Ea, EUf, EUa, and EUd was obtained. Except for CVm and qvar, the highest value was obtained when the spacing between drippers is of 0.2 m, while at a spacing of 1m, the lowest value of CVm and qvar was obtained. Also, results revealed that the type of dripper has a significant effect on the performance of the drip irrigation system. For drippers of type one, two, and three, the performance of this system is mainly within the unacceptable category, except for dripper of type four, the performance of the drip irrigation system is mainly within the acceptable category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This investigation examines the various factors that contribute to transformer failures in the electricity distribution networks of Samawah. Despite their critical role in facilitating the transfer of energy over long distances, transformers often fail within a few years due to a range of factors, negatively impacting the economic and service aspects of energy distribution networks for consumers. Through a case study of a transformer malfunction in Al-Muthanna Governorate, the Samawah Electricity Directorate and affiliated departments were reviewed, and a multi-axis questionnaire was distributed to employees and engineers working on the electrical networks in the governorate to identify all possible causes of failure. The responses were analyzed using statistical software (Statistical package for the social sciences SPSS) to determine the primary factors contributing to transformer failures. This investigation sheds light on the key factors that influence the failure of power transformers, providing insights into strategies that can be employed to mitigate the risks and improve the reliability of electricity distribution networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper includes an experimental investigation to study the effect of steel fiber ratio (1 to 2%) on the flexural behavior of tubular continuous Ultra High-Performance Concrete beams and the effectiveness of longitudinal reinforcement bars on the flexural behavior of UHPC continuous beams. Therefore, eight continuous tubular beams consisting of two-span were tested under one-point loading for each span. In each group, two groups were constructed, four beams, three beams are tubular, and the fourth was solid to comparison. All beams had the matching overall length of 3000 mm, the clear span distance equal to 1400 mm for each span, the same height of 200 mm, and the same width of 150 mm. The results exhibit clear improvement in the first cracking load when increasing the steel fiber ratio from 1 to 1.5% and 2% at about 11.1 and 66.6% and increasing the ultimate load at about 5.2 and 18.4%. Then when compared MXB-5 (1.5% steel fiber) with reference solid (RE.S, 1.5% steel fiber), the increase in ultimate failure load was 20%, in addition to increasing compressive strength. The ultimate load was increased at about (2.6, 15.78, and 20.1%) as the positive reinforcement ratio increased from 1% to 1.12%, 1.71%, and 1% solid beam, and the optimal ratio of steel fiber was 2%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the various advantages they possess, epoxy latexes have been implemented in cementitious repair mortar mixes recently under the name polymer cementitious repair mortars (PCRM). To improve and develop the performance of cement mortar as polymeric repair materials, aqueous epoxy resins (0, 5, 10, and 15%) by weight of binder were utilized, together with four different ratios of silica fume (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%) by weight of cement. At ages 7 and 28 days, the compressive strength of the modified mortar with epoxy and silica fume improved significantly as the ratios of additives (epoxy resin+silica fume) increased. The modified polymeric mortar's flexural strength was also increased. When 10 % epoxy resin was added (in the presence of 15% silica fume), the compressive strength was much increased by 52% at 28 days of age, when compared to the control mix without epoxy resin and silica fume. As for Flexural strength, the highest recorded improvement was 8.8% when adding 5% of epoxy resin and 15% of silica fume replacement, the combination of silica fume and epoxy resin also proved to make the repair mortar less water absorbent. Epoxy resins have a significant impact on the characteristics of modified cement mortar, By combining the diverse components in the matrix of binders (cement+silica fume) and their influence on filling and sealing gaps and cracks, while offering significantly higher strengths. epoxy resin generated as polymeric films enhanced the microstructure of the modified cement mortar. As a result, modified cement mortar (polymer+silica fume) can be utilized as a vital enhancement in the repair mortar for achieving structurally reliable solutions and slow the degradation of concrete in a variety of structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whatever vehicle is moving; it must come to a halt in order to meet road users and their various objectives. In most streets, parking becomes important because it is a place where people come frequently and stay for a long time. Parking issues have been more prevalent in recent years as the number of people owning cars has increased. As a result, traffic and parking impacts may be a major cause of conflict in any community, and they can add to the cost of any new road project or urban area facility. The study's goal is to assess existing parking conditions on the road in terms of available supply and demand for parking spots in order to forecast future parking needs for the coming years. A field traffic and engineering survey, as well as the license plate technique of surveying, were used to collect data. In this study, every parking slot is observed for 30 minutes at a time, as well as the license plate number. According to the study, unlawful parking causes interference with pedestrian movements and crossings, as well as diminishing the capacity of the roadways in the study region, owing to population expansion. The results indicate that the proportion of cars parking for 30 minutes or longer on the street side in Al-Ghadeer neighborhood is from 94 to 75 percent, while the number of vehicles parking for 60 minutes or more goes from 6 to 25 percent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wave propagation is a fundamental phenomenon occurring in several physical systems. this study include the effect of frequency chirping on optical communication device efficiency is investigated theoretically using a simplistic but realistic model for chirped pulses produced in optical fibers that are directly modulated. The propagation of Gaussian and super-Gaussian chirped pulses in a fiber is being considered, by conversant with the Fourier representation for a pulse propagating in a optical fibers(OFs), the idea of the pulse spectrum and conversant with the algorithm for performing linear pulse propagation in a fiber using Fourier transforms. The study will be able to perform discrete Fourier transforms used in the numerical evaluation of Fourier transforms, and through this, one will recognize the reliability of the pulse amplitude along the fiber as well as the intensity of the time for the pulse takes with super-Gaussian pulse, The effect of chirp on the propagation pulse during the optical fiber was also studied, where it was found that the transmission of messages sent during the pulse was not able to transmit the presence of chirp and the appearance of clear distortions in the form and amplitude of the propagation pulse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce a concept of proximal Karapinar type nonunique contraction mapping. Then, we prove a best proximity point result for such mappings. Thus, we generalize some results existing in the literature. Finally, we provide an example to show the effectiveness of our result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the implementation of (750 nm) thickness of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) thin film for the piezoelectric pressure sensors . The film was prepared and deposited employing the spray pyrolysis technique . XRD results show that the growth preferred orientation is the (002) plane . A polycrystalline thin film (close to mono crystallite like ) was obtained . Depending on the Scanning Electron Microscopy photogram, the film homogeneity and thickness were shown. The resonance frequency measured (about 19 kHz) and the damping coefficient was calculated and its value was found to be about (2.5538), the thin film be haves as homogeneous for under and over damped . The thin film pressure sensing was approximately exponentially related with frequency, the thin film was observed to has a good response for mechanical stresses also it is a good material for the piezoelectric properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]