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The article discusses the Supreme Court case of Allen versus Cooper regarding copyright infringement which held that the Intellectual Property Clause could not provide the basis for an abrogation of sovereign immunity under the Copyright Remedy Clarification Act of 1990. The evidence of Fourteenth Amendment injury was remote, and the scope of the statute extended to every infringement case against a State. It also ignored relevant nuances that explain the drawbacks of the legislative record.

In past years, the role of the fiber converter could be seen as relatively passive. Now, with increasing demand for higher quality structural composites across all industries, the converter's active participation in the supply chain is essential. In this first part of a two-part article Tom James, Director of Innovation at multiaxial reinforcements producer FORMAX, provides some insight into this interaction, and highlights an interesting relationship between manufacturing method, simulation strategy and the availability of relevant material data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assessment of muscle health is of paramount importance, as the loss of muscle mass and strength can affect performance. Two non-invasive tools that have been found to be useful in this are the MyotonPRO and rehabilitative ultrasound imaging, both have shown to be reliable in previous studies many of which conducted by the research team. This study aims to determine the reliability of previously unassessed local body structures and to determine their minimal detectable changes (MDC) to support both researchers and clinicians. Twenty healthy participants were recruited to determine the reliability of seven skin positions out of a previously established protocol. Reliability was determined between three independent raters, and day to day reliability was assessed with one rater a week apart. Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) between raters and between days for tissue stiffness, tone and elasticity range from moderate to excellent (ICC 0.52–0.97), with most good or excellent. ICCs for subcutaneous thickness between days was good or excellent (ICC 0.86–0.91) and moderate to excellent between raters (ICC 0.72–0.96), in muscles it was moderate to excellent between raters and days (ICC 0.71–0.95). The protocol in this study is repeatable with overall good reliability, it also provides established MDC values for several measurement points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the archaeological objects found in England as recorded by the Portable Antiquities Scheme of the council for museums, libraries and archives. A Loxton copper-alloy horse-harness mounted on a curved rectilinear was found in Avon. It was a rare class of metalwork connected on Early Anglo-Saxon equestrianism. A stirrup from 11th-12th century was found in Cambridgeshire. In Hertfordshire, Pre-Construct Archaeology Ltd. discovered medieval wells, postholes and pits cutting into the natural chalk.

Abstract: Superparamagnetic nanoparticles were synthesised and their in-flow magnetic capture behaviour studied within transparent plastic microcapillary arrays (MicroCapillary Film or MCF). This system represents an in vitro analogue of capillary vasculature and facilitates easy optical observation of capture phenomenon. A dispersion of nanoparticles was delivered at a constant pressure to an array of capillaries sited adjacent to a 0.5T permanent magnet. The spatial position of trapped nanoparticles relative to the position of the magnet was analysed. The position of nanoparticle capture appears to be dependent on both spatial location and fluid flow rate and suggests two zones in the magnetic field in which nanoparticles are acted upon differently; a ‘steering’ zone and a ‘capture’ zone. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Contains practice, modeling and computation. • Dynamics is illuminated by supercomputer results of videos. • Event reconstruction and forensic assessments are made for Daallo Airlines Flight 159 bombing case. The bombing of airliners has been a tactic used by terrorists during the past 40 years. Its prevention is a major priority by homeland security officials on a worldwide basis. In efforts to aid in the investigation of such bombings, this paper provides the results of the development of mathematical modeling and computer simulation for the study of aircraft bombings and associated forensics. As an assist in the forensic study, a number of photographs are provided to depict the normally observed physical characteristics of explosives damage upon aircraft and related materials. Our study illuminates and evaluates how these characteristics can be captured by computational mechanics. Finally, we use the laptop bombing of Daallo Airlines Flight 159 as a case study to demonstrate that event reconstruction can be accomplished for the purpose of forensic investigations. Most of our supercomputer results are visualized by video animations in order to show the dynamic effects and phenomena of explosives and the associated event reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic factors have been implicated in stroke risk, but few replicated associations have been reported. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for ischemic stroke and its subtypes in 3,548 affected individuals and 5,972 controls, all of European ancestry. Replication of potential signals was performed in 5,859 affected individuals and 6,281 controls. We replicated previous associations for cardioembolic stroke near PITX2 and ZFHX3 and for large vessel stroke at a 9p21 locus. We identified a new association for large vessel stroke within HDAC9 (encoding histone deacetylase 9) on chromosome 7p21.1 (including further replication in an additional 735 affected individuals and 28,583 controls) (rs11984041; combined P = 1.87 × 10?11; odds ratio (OR) = 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.28-1.57). All four loci exhibited evidence for heterogeneity of effect across the stroke subtypes, with some and possibly all affecting risk for only one subtype. This suggests distinct genetic architectures for different stroke subtypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]