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This paper describes how utilities can benefit from the most recent developments in the leading smart energy communications standard of IEC 61850, which now provides the data model required to implement observability, operational functionality, and controllability of DER that are interconnected to the grid, thus fully supporting the new regional and national network Grid Codes requirements developed in Europe and North America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IEC 61850 Standard was introduced to address the challenge presented by existence of the multiple protocols in substation communications, which include many proprietary protocols; and to address the challenge introduced by legacy complicated substation from both cost and complicity. In this paper, the simulation results of different types of IEC 61850 network system configurations using OPNET Modeler simulation software were presented and the influence on data rate and delay characteristics of these system configurations were evaluated. The simulated results confirm that the ring configured system suitable for higher loading characteristics and higher system reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper presents the application of IEC 61850 protocol in electrical power engineering industry for data communication systems between substations. This IEC 61850 protocol presents new challenges for real-time communication performance between Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) within substation because of the Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) messages. The analyses of substation Ethernet communication delay, its impact factors, various methods and different network topologies which can improve the real-time performance are discussed. For basic analysis of data flow within a substation, the Optimized Network Engineering Tool (OPNET) software is used. The process to bay level network simulation model is performed by using the OPNET software. The Ethernet delay performance of the process to bay level network simulation results are analyzed which is based on switched, shared Ethernet network or Peer to Peer network. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Protecting electricity distribution networks is becoming increasingly challenging and improved performance is continually being demanded. The growth in distributed generation, the opportunities offered by meshed networks and the service demands of consumers require smarter protection. Invariably, the solution will involve capitalizing on the developments in digital relaying and communications. This paper describes the findings of an investigation into extending the concepts of communications within the substation contained in IEC61850 beyond the substation in order to provide substation to substation communications. It introduces the basis for Fault Passage Relaying and current differential relaying for protecting distribution feeders and an associated internet communications scheme. This internet based communications scheme builds on the concepts behind IEC61850 and provides a substation to substation process bus. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper defines an introduction and overview of the technology standard IEC 61850. The IEC standard offers reliability, efficiency, flexibility and interoperability needed in smart grids. The improved performance and sustainability of nowadays' smart grid led it to be the main used technology for distributed energy resources (DERs) and renewable energy resources, such as wind power, hydroelectric power and solar applications where smart methodologies of measuring and controlling, as well as an integrated communications are required. Virtualized model and data objects of IEC 61850 as well as its flexibility to cooperate with other important standards (e.g. 61131-3) made it one of the core technology standards in smart grids to guarantee their sustainability. An overview of IEC 61850's cooperation with other famous standards as well as few examples of its implementation in DERs and renewable energy resources are discussed within this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The paper presents a device that integrates wireless ZigBee network with a substation automation system based on the IEC 61850 standard. A prototype system is tested against timing requirements defined in the IEC 61850 standard to check whether these can be met, especially under heavily loaded radio channel conditions. Experiments described in this paper include scenarios in which ZigBee network is exposed to periodical (TDMA based) and random (CSMA-CA based) sources of interference. The presented results demonstrate that several types of IEC 61850 messages delivered by a ZigBee network can meet timing requirements, if the radio channel occupancy is below a certain percentage. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Until now the main purpose of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) has been to compliment the power plants. However, if DERs are to play a larger role in the power grid of the future, then improved communication and cooperation between these resources and the system operators is necessary. Cooperation requires intelligence at the level of the DER as well as at the aggregator level, and in order to efficiently facilitate this, communication must be easily achievable. This project presents a proof-of-concept plug-and-play cloud solution for next generation DERs, built upon the IEC 61850[15] standard, that enable easy communication and cooperation between DERs and system operators. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Reliable Ethernet Networks are gaining acceptance for many Industrial Automation applications. However, the diversity and variety of emerging Ethernet based Industrial Protocols make difficult for the Industry the selection of the technology to implement them. Furthermore, the continue evolution of the standards and their combination increment the risk in the engineering decisions. This need for flexibility combined with the need for hardware processing make FPGAs and reconfigurable devices in general, the best candidates to implement network devices and equipments able to deal with these issues. In this work, 3 architectures for Reliable Network Devices that support HSR and PRP protocols are presented. These architectures benefit from cutting-edge 28nm silicon fabrication reconfigurable technology combined with on-chip ARM processors and peripheral. One of the proposed architectures is implemented following a Design Flow that integrates 3 complex EDA tools and a third-party IP to achieve a full operative Reliable Networking Device with HSR and PRP processing capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The adoption of IEC 61850 in the deployment of Substation Automation System opens new scenarios to system design. The presence of a communication infrastructure connecting Intelligent Electronic Device (IED), sensors and protections may suggest the development of distribute measurement devices, where the sampling of the physical quantities and the elaboration of the sampled value could be performed by different physical devices. Nevertheless, such architecture is based on an ideal communication infrastructure, which can transfer the information among the distributed devices without affecting the measurement performance. On the contrary a real network infrastructure could suffer from several failure conditions, mainly to the harsh environment of substations where the installed network devices are not periodically replaced. In the following paper, the effects of network faults on a distributed measurement system in electrical substations are considered. The behavior of network infrastructure and the quality of the service offered in the case of the most common network failures has been analyzed using a simulation environment. The results demonstrate that the commonly adopted Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) is not suitable for the most demanding measurement applications due to the loss of measurement samples during the network reconfiguration time (up to 200 ms). On the contrary, more advanced redundancy protocols, like Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP), are able to satisfy also the most strict availability requirements, as suggested by the simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Smart grid (SG) is motivated to use information available in the power grid to increase the safety, reliability, and efficiency of the conventional power grid. Sophisticated control techniques using information are required for realizing SG. One major challenge is the presence of distributed heterogeneous components in SG requiring distribution of control functions. Automation intended should also support such distributed execution. One major challenge in the development of distributed control is the interoperability among devices from different manufacturers, and various conceptual entities in SG. Standardization is required for interoperability, and distributed control. IEC 61850 has emerged as the de facto standard in substation automation. On the other hand, OPC UA is being increasingly used in industrial automation. In this investigation, we illustrate the need for integration of data models following IEC 61850 and OPC UA for SG control and as enabler for new vistas like multi-agent systems, hierarchical control, and diagnosis and monitoring using suitable examples. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

With the increasing adoption and implementation of IEC 61850 based substation automation systems (SAS), it has now become very important for power system engineers to know and understand technologies outside the realm of regular power system concepts which are not taught until graduate studies. Present day tools and systems are either costly and proprietary in nature or, are open source but not easy to understand and use them to implement and test protection and automation schemes based on International Electro technical Commission (IEC) 61850 in a lab based environment. Taking this as motivation, an IEC 61850 based laboratory prototype is developed using royalty free and free and open source software (FOSS) for modeling the power system and the distance relay. In order to show the flexibility of the proposed framework, a complex and vital protection scheme known as local breaker backup (LBB) which has been recently integrated into a centralized bus bar protection scheme is implemented and tested. Personal computers are used as merging unit (MU) and intelligent electronic devices (IEDs), and, Ethernet based local area network (LAN) and switches have been used for implementing process bus and station bus. This cost effective prototype can be used by the academia and engineers to study, understand, implement and test various IEC 61850 based protection and automation schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

IEC 61970 and IEC 61850 are the core standards of Smart Grid, and have been widely used in electric power automation. As these two standards defined data models and the interface respectively, the result is the models are not uniform and seamless communication cannot be operated between substation and the control center. This paper proposes two aspects differences, data model and service model. IEC 61970 defines the power of information model and broadly applied to enterprise integration. IEC 61850 is limited to exchange of data within substation equipments. IEC 61970 defines application program interface (API) and IEC 61850 defines abstract communication services interface (ACSI). To make the difference clear, it is benefit for harmonization the power data model. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In order to reduce data point table check work between the power distribution remote terminal unit (DRTU) and distribution automation master system, this paper propose the distribution automation communication architecture based on IEC 61850 and Web Services. First, the information model and information exchange model of DRTU is studied. The standard information model of DRTU was established by using the IEC 61850 logical node. The IEC 61850 Web Services mapping is studied and realized the information model and real-time data transmission. Through the prototyping, it is verified that the IEC 61850 Web Services mapping can meet the demand of distribution automation communication. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

With a large number of nonlinear and asymmetric loads being connected to the power system, power quality problem has been increasingly severe. Therefore, sufficient attention shall be paid to power quality monitoring. Based on the Power Quality Management section of the latest IEC 61850 2nd editions, this paper established information model of power quality monitoring device. On this basis, hardware and software platforms are designed and developed to realize the mapping of Abstract Communication Service Interface (ACSI) and Manufacturing Message Specification (MMS). The development platform of power quality monitoring device, inside which VxWorks operating system and MMS-EASE Lite software have been put, and the platform uses AT91RM9200 as the core chip to parse the information model, and restore the tree structure of the information model by creating the communication links between power quality monitoring device and IEDScout client software. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The existing electronic transformer sampling frequency to meet the functional requirements of the measurement, protection, its sampling frequency is lower than 12.8K. Traveling wave fault location device required signal bandwidth of the M-Class. The required signal bandwidth should reach 500K even with the Line traps affect, which affected its promotion and application of digital substation. The authors proposed shunt sampling method to collect data in electronic transformer acquisition side and in part of the merging unit deal with common signal and traveling wave signal program. The program is both to meet the needs of the general device of the general signal, but also to meet the needs of the traveling wave fault location device on the traveling wave signal of the transient high-speed sampling. Smart traveling wave fault location device directly receive the IEC61850 standard format of digital signal processing fault location Algorithm to reduce the analog-digital conversion and processing sectors, ranging efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

During the past few years, a worldwide acceptance of IEC 61850 has been demonstrated as more and more substation devices are being integrated based on Ethernet technology. This trend represents new challenges for integrators, manufacturers, and end users. However, the field-proven benefits and lessons learned are truly valuable to managers, supervisors, and executives curious about bringing the benefits of IEC 61850 to their utilities. Utilities from around the world have deployed innovative projects based on the IEC 61850 communications standard, including Elektro in Brazil, NamPower in Namibia, NTPC Limited in India, and Comisión Federal de Electricidad (CFE) in Mexico. This paper summarizes these successful deployment projects and presents network architectures and lessons learned during these projects. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Substation Automation Systems (SASs) are widely used for the purpose of control, protection, monitoring, communication etc. in substations to improve the reliability of power systems. SASs adopting IT based solutions, such as Ethernet LAN, have recently become more common, although hardwired control has been used in the past in earlier versions of SAS utilizing simple communication methods [1][2]. Moreover, the IEC61850 standard has been issued as the new global communication standard for substations. The standard consists of ten parts, the final part being issued in 2005. Subsequently IEC61850 has been applied widely in SASs around the world. In this paper, we describe our experience in participating in interoperability investigations with protection and control units from different manufacturers, specific points and points to be considered regarding interoperability and other issues based upon this experience. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper presents an adaptive protection scheme developed for distribution networks that include large number of Distributed Energy Resources and are capable to dynamically change configuration, i.e. active in nature. The system is based on a centralized controller running the real-time analysis of the data received from the field Intelligent Electronic Devices and communicating with IEDs by means of IEC 61850 communications. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Main-tie-main (MTM) transfer schemes increase reliability in a power system by switching a load bus to a secondary power source when a power interruption occurs on the primary source. Traditionally, the large number of physical I/O lines required makes main-tie-main schemes expensive to design and implement. Using Ethernet-based IEC 61850, these hardwired I/O lines can be removed and replaced with generic object-oriented substation event (GOOSE) messages. Adjusting the scheme for optimal performance is done via software which saves redesign time and rewiring time. Special attention is paid to change-of-state GOOSE only; no analog GOOSE messages are used, making the scheme fast and easy to configure, maintain, and troubleshoot. Applications such as fast motor-bus transfer are discussed with synchronization remaining at each breaker relay. Simulation test results recorded GOOSE message latencies on a system configured for a main-tie-main scheme. This paper presents details of open and closed, manual and automatic transfers. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper we present a prototypical smart metering infrastructure (MI) as part of the “distributed nervous system of SmartGrid”. Proposed MI is enabled with distributed programming infrastructure of the international standards IEC 61499, communication and design infrastructure of IEC 61850. The paper introduces IEC 61850 logical device for the smart meter. Based on this definition, the intelligent logical nodes architecture (iLN) is used to organize the distributed intelligence of a “swarm” of such smart meters. The proposed architecture has been applied to the novel Eaton PowerXpert intelligent commercial grade meter and tested in co-simulation environment. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Energy automation systems have been expanding and there are more Ethernet capable devices in the network. Protection relays, switches, GPS and also computers have many critic diagnosis information available via the network interface. The intention of this paper is to present how the already available information can be used in the human-machine interfaces and SCADA systems to have a more detailed diagnosis of the network and its devices. Information like IED (Intelligent Electronic Devices) health status, CPU loads, fiber-optics light intensity, GOOSE (Generic Oriented Object Substation Event) message errors, can be used to early detect equipment failure and network instabilities. Early analysis can prevent problems with the equipment interlocking and protection functionalities and improves the power system availability. The simple network management protocol (SNMP) is a management protocol widely implemented, which makes it an ideal manufacturer-independent solution for this purpose. To test this concept a Siemens SCADA system was used as a manager of the SNMP enabled devices in an already commissioned power plant with Siemens Siprotec 4 protection relays. Further ideas were also developed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A complete secondary system can be split concerning the engineering responsibility into different parts. Example is separate engineering of line operation interlocking between substations. This paper presents a new approach to line operation IEDs engineering with exchanged information between substations, which is compatible with IEC 61850. In this paper, Architecture of Line Operation between substations is constructed, the engineering right handling is introduced, and the engineering process of line operation IED is proposed. The resulting ability to allow the engineering of data flow between projects will greatly enhance the engineering process of automation systems, speeding the progress toward the realization of the Smart Grid concept. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

IEC 61850 is an international standard for electrical substation automation that will significantly improve the design and construction of electrical power systems in the future. In 2010, the United States National Institute of Standards and Technologies (NIST) has recognized IEC 61850 as one of the key enablers for Smart Grid implementation. As the public electric utility company in Malaysia, Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) is fully aware of the potential and capabilities of the IEC 61850 standard in a Smart Grid environment. To ensure the successful implementation of IEC 61850 standard, TNB has developed the System Verification and Simulation (SVS) laboratory to simulate and verify systems and devices related to IEC 61850, before actual implementation in substations. This paper will discuss the features, components and capabilities of the TNB IEC 61850 SVS laboratory. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

With the rapid development of power system and the continuous expansion of the scale of power grids, problems such as heavy maintenance workload, repetitive modeling and low redundancy and accuracy of basic data are emerging in the traditional method of centralized modeling in control center. In this paper, a two-level distributed modeling system is presented to solve these problems, which moves parts of functions of EMS from control center to substation. This paper mainly focuses on distributed modeling of protection devices. Based on detailed analysis of IEC 61850, a practical modeling method of protection devices as well as the modeling specifications is put forward. With the visualized modeling tool carried out, the model of protection devices can be conveniently built in substation and transmitted to control center. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper proposes solutions for distributed protection applications, to improve current and design of future protection schemes. This solution utilises advantages of fast and reliable peer-to-peer communication of IEC 61850 and interoperability and configurability of IEC 61499. The integration of the two standards improves protection schemes by decreasing fault clearing times and minimizes the effect of short circuit faults on sensitive loads. Additional advantages include the reductions of the number of hard-wired connections, especially in a large substation where all protection IEDs has a significant number of binary inputs and relay outputs. IEC 61499 is an open standard for designing distributed control systems to promote portability, interoperability and configurability, i.e. vendor independent, flexible and robust solutions. IEC 61499 can be used to represent programmable logic of power system devices, in a standard form and in a vendor independent way. The proposed distributed protection system is implemented and simulated using the developed co-simulation environment. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Substation Automation is a modern approach capitalizing on the advancement in Information and Communication Technology to provide compact self healing and more reliable substations. In this quest, wireless communication technologies provide a brilliant option to reduce the connection effort. The vision is eventually to obtain equipment that may be described as “plug and play”. Nevertheless, the Substation environment is best describes as an electromagnetically harsh environment. To that end, the Zigbee technology is considered as an option. The advantage that Zigbee provides is the availability of multitude of parallel paths. Consequently, if one path is unavailable or “un-fit” to relay the message, another will do. The scope of this paper is to introduce a model of power system automation based on IEC 61850 and Zigbee wireless sensor networks (WSN) technology. The model considered is that of a D1 substation (Distribution substation with less than 5 controlled elements). The model is used to calculate time delays for Zigbee wireless network. Monte Carlo simulation is used to provide statistics to compare message delays in Zigbee to the IEC 61850 requirements. Results show that using multiple channels will improve performance to the fulfillment of IEC 61850 requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper focuses on the reliability evaluation of modern substation automation systems. Such systems include both physical devices such as lines, breakers, and transformers, as well as cyber devices (switches, intelligent electronic devices, and cables) and belong to a broader class of cyber-physical systems. We assume that the substation utilizes IEC 61850 standard, which is a dominant standard for substation automation. Focusing on IEC 61850 standard, we present the failure modes and analyze their effects on the system. We utilize reliability block diagrams for analyzing the reliability of substation components (bay units) and then use the state space approach to study the effects at the substation level. The results of our analysis provide critical input to evaluating the reliability of the substation and the effects of substation failures to the rest of the power system. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Power system operation and control relies heavily on models for decision making. Topology is a critical part of producing these models and maintaining up-to-date topologies of electrical distribution networks is a resource consuming and challenging task. This paper describes a methodology and system architecture for inference of electrical topology using process and model data from IEC 61850 — compliant substation automation devices. Furthermore, it examines the measurements and data handling required for such a system to work effectively. A system of autonomous intelligent agents communicating via an overlay network is described where agents are capable of communicating on the IEC 61850 station bus for collecting process data. The capabilities of structured information exchange and interfacing of substation automation devices enables plug-and-play operation of the topology inference requiring minimal prior knowledge of electrical network structure. Decentralized topology inference forms the basis for future work in operation and management of active distribution networks. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Nowadays, the wind power plant industry confront with a serious issue that the wind turbines produced by various manufactures are not compatible with each other because of various communication protocols. This cause difficulties in the operation, maintenance and management for the power plant operators. In order to solve this problem, an IEC 61850 and IEC 61400-25 standard based digital wind power plant solution was proposed based on the experiences got from lots of digital substation projects. Its technical features, system structure and function components were also analyzed. In the light of this solution, several wind power plant projects were implemented. As a result, an up-to-date general integrated digital wind power plant automation system which integrates wind turbine SCADA system, substation SCADA system and wind power plant advanced applications (such as Auto Generation Control-AGC) has been put into services. These new automation systems in the wind power plants worked well and successfully met its original designed targets and requirements, greatly improved the automation level of these wind power plants. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Power system operation and control relies heavily on models for decision making. Topology is a critical part of producing these models and maintaining up-to-date topologies of electrical distribution networks is a resource consuming and challenging task. This paper proposes a methodology and system architecture for inference of electrical topology using process and model data from IEC 61850 compliant substation automation devices. A system of autonomous intelligent agents communicating via an overlay network is proposed where agents are capable of communicating on the IEC 61850 station bus. An algorithm for topology inference using structured exchange and comparison of process and model information is developed. The capabilities of structured information exchange and interfacing of substation automation devices enables plug-and-play operation of the topology inference requiring minimal prior knowledge of electrical network structure. Decentralized topology inference forms the basis for future work in operation and management of active distribution networks. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Seamless redundancy and precise clock synchronization are integrated fully in hardware (FPGA) with no processor support. The interaction between redundancy and clock synchronization is explained. Redundant synchronization messages are not be discarded, but used to improve clock accuracy. Measurement results confirm the validity of the concept. Performance of the full-hardware implementation is compared with that of a conventional software-hardware implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Many substation applications require accurate time-stamping. The performance of systems such as Network Time Protocol (NTP), IRIG-B and one pulse per second (1-PPS) have been sufficient to date. However, new applications, including IEC 61850-9-2 process bus and phasor measurement, require accuracy of one microsecond or better. Furthermore, process bus applications are taking time synchronisation out into high voltage switchyards where cable lengths may have an impact on timing accuracy. IEEE Std 1588, Precision Time Protocol (PTP), is the means preferred by the smart grid standardisation roadmaps (from both the IEC and US National Institute of Standards and Technology) of achieving this higher level of performance, and integrates well into Ethernet based substation automation systems. Significant benefits of PTP include automatic path length compensation, support for redundant time sources and the cabling efficiency of a shared network. This paper benchmarks the performance of established IRIG-B and 1-PPS synchronisation methods over a range of path lengths representative of a transmission substation. The performance of PTP using the same distribution system is then evaluated and compared to the existing methods to determine if the performance justifies the additional complexity. Experimental results show that a PTP timing system maintains the synchronising performance of 1-PPS and IRIG-B timing systems, when using the same fibre optic cables, and further meets the needs of process buses in large substations. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Smart Grid is designated by variety of stakeholders and thus is having interoperability as a crucial prerequisite for successful Smart Grid solutions deployment. The international standard IEC 61850 defines future-proof automation architecture for power systems and represents the most prominent standards-compliant approach which enables optimized Smart Grid control at field level. However, some IEC 61850 components are inadequate to compete with accelerated Smart Grid development. This is most notable in the domain of controlling Distributed Energy Resources (DERs). Middleware technologies which are part of the current IEC 61850 definitions are not suitable for streamlined and large scale integration of DERs. Novel DERs control models such as Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) require scalable and flexible automation framework capable of managing dynamic and reconfigurable VPPs. This issue can be solved by introducing state-of-the-art middleware technologies based on device-level Web services. This article provides an analysis of applying new middleware mapping for IEC 61850 based on Devices Profile for Web Services (DPWS). DPWS inherently supports event-driven and service-oriented architectural principles which are foreseen as integral elements of the next-generation Smart Grid automation frameworks. The cooperation of DPWS and IEC 61850 provides value-added features for semantic-enabled and standards-compliant Smart Grid automation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Reliability and security in power supply is a measure of how well an electrical load meets the needs of a consumer at a given point in time. Achieving high levels of reliability requires large capital expenditure. Power systems are required to operate at optimal capacity in order to meet its return on large capital investments. In order to attain a high level of reliability in these operating conditions, protection processes are implemented in power systems to reduce failures and protect components that are be connected to the grid. In South Africa, the power grid has aged and traditional infrastructure that has historically supported consumers is unable to support future requirements. To ensure the continued growth and refresh of grid technologies, industry bodies and committees have established standards and guidelines that challenge the traditional approach to substation systems architecture. Standards leverage off modern technologies providing configuration and deployment alternatives. Standards like the IEC 61850 device communication standard is one that has gained support by technology vendors over the last decade. A growth in the number of implementations of this standard is proving that interoperability of functions, processes and information is possible. This paper focuses on the use of standards, approaches and emerging frameworks to establish a service based analytics architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Smart Grid envisions improving the efficiency, reliability, quality, security, economy etc. of the electric energy systems to meet the 21st century demands. As the major concern in 21st century is the environmental impact, it is very essential to make the present grid eco-friendly. This paper presents the research carried out in these issues and also on the latest technologies in smart grid. Smart Grid features such as self-healing, eco-friendliness, are presented in this paper, with detailed discussions on substation automation, demand response, and distributed energy resources [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The automation of devices in the substations has thus become a priority, in order to prevent such accidents. The IEC 61850 is a new automation protocol, designed for the purpose of establishing a common standard for all substations, one that all manufacturers of all different devices must comply with. In the present day, not all distribution substations are automatized, as is the case with secondary substation, due to the fact that the automation costs are higher than the cost of the substation itself. This paper advocates the projection, implementation and evaluation of a wireless sensor network (WSN) acquiring of non-critical data on distribution substations. The sensor network is constituted by wireless modules, using ZigBee technology, integrating the communication model based on IEC 61850. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The paper discusses the typical utility approach to End-to-End testing and the suitability of using those results and documentation to satisfy the current revised NERC/FERC reliability standard PRC-005–2. This testing method provides great operational and economic advantages and analyzing problem areas in a protection scheme. Proper end to end testing techniques can greatly reduce the chances of wide area blackouts due to improper relay system coordination, operation, and application. The paper provides examples where some End-to-End test cases may not be adequate to cover the requirements of the standard and what improvements should be considered. It focuses on areas where the fault clearing system can be verified using proper End-to-End test cases while avoiding invasive tests that require changing the commissioned status of the system devices — making the overall testing process more economical and beneficial. The paper later describes the engineering reasons why this testing should be "up front" when the fault clearing system is designed or re-designed. Further, new industry standards are discussed that will impact not only the testing of these systems but also the test equipment being used. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The aim of this paper is to describe the Smart Polygeneration Microgrid (SPM), which is going to be constructed at the Savona Campus of the Genoa University, also thanks to funding from the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research. Besides producing renewable and high efficiency energy for the University Campus, the SPM will constitute a test-bed facility for research, development and testing of management strategies, devices and components for smart grid applications. The main features of this infrastructure will be outlined, pointing out its peculiarities, such as the use of the IEC 61850 protocol and a close integration between electric and heating networks. Furthermore, the activities which will be carried out thanks to the SPM and the challenges in its operation and optimal management will be discussed, in the context of the current research on microgrid and smart grid technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

As distributed energy resources are growing in number it becomes increasingly important to efficiently integrate them in a communication network to monitor and control them. Many envision IEC 61850 to be the best communication solution in this field. But the standard is still far from a plug and play setup. One step in this direction is the modeling of vendor independent IEC 61850 profiles for different kinds of DER. This paper analyzes the modeling of such a profile for intelligent energy management of micro-CHP systems. It discusses common system structures, control hierarchies, and control use cases. Finally it proposes a profile that could be implemented by all micro-CHP vendors to allow easy integration of their devices in an energy management system. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Nowadays, research, politics, and utilities are on the move to create the new power distribution and transmission grid, the so called Smart Grid. Over the last years, various projects and initiatives have started to provide first results and the topic has changed form a research and development oriented one to being used in daily utility practice. But one particular aspect is that the focus most of the times lies with the electric side of the commodities and energy supply only. From a system point of view, it would be beneficial also to cover the aspects of gas and water in the Smart Grid, too. This paper discusses the idea of a holistic System-of-a-System (SoS) aspect with special regards to the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and automation concepts applied. It outlines the applicability of the existing electrotechnical and automation standards within the future critical infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper describes a communication concept in distribution network with dispersed energy resources (DER), which regulates and controls voltage profile in the power network. The communication concept is based on fast links between checkpoints on power lines and on DER. Advantage of this concept is establishing communication among all DER, main power lines and control center, which allows them to communicate with each other at any given time without any restrictions. Another advantage of the proposed communication concept involves possibility of upgrading to the existing standard IEC 61850. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The use of IEC 61850 communication protocol has more widely applied in electrical engineering, it presents new challenges to real-time performance simulation and testing of protective relays. In this paper, the OPNET Modeler simulation software has been used for the modeling of intelligent electronic device (IED) in substation level network. Based on simulations, different types of data stream have been discussed, such as, periodic data stream, random data stream and burst data steam. The specific studies using these models to construct substation automation system (SAS) network on OPNET modeler was made to reveal the influence of each factor to the real-time performance, which is also included in this report. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The stamp of approval has been given by the global community around two standards: the Common Information Model (CIM) (IEC 61979 and IEC 61968) and IEC 61850. Together, these models offer a comprehensive view of the business with an opportunity to allow data from substations to readily flow into utility operational and enterprise systems, thus enabling the smarts of the grid, but there are a number of challenges that must be addressed before the benefits are reaped. CIM and IEC 61850 have been developed to address the needs of two different worlds with fuzzy connection points. Integrating these two models on paper may be relatively simple, but there is a lot more effort involved when it comes to making it work in the real world. And what happens to all the sources of data that exist in pre-standards format today? Once the decision has been made to adopt these standards, the real work begins. This paper will discuss business challenges from the trenches of implementing one of the first real-world applications of a CIM/IEC 61850 harmonized solution. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

IEC 61850, which is the leading standard for the substation automation, can be used to develop smarter schemes of automation and protection for the other areas of power systems. This paper presents an approach of using GOOSE to address the distribution protection problem in a smart grid. It is shown that how an adaptive overcurrent element setting of a healthy distribution feeder can be used to solve the sympathetic tripping problem caused by faults on the other feeders. Detection of relay operation due to a fault on the adjacent feeder is used to adjust the relay sensitivity settings during current inrush. The appropriate Logical Nodes are introduced. A logic equation to avoid sympathetic tripping along with an editable logic solution and a PLC based logic diagram are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper the feasibility of applying a Smart remedial action scheme (RAS) based on the coordinated control of on load tap changers is investigated. Different from most of the existing RASs, the proposed method uses the measured voltage and current phasors to enhance the system security by balancing the power flow in the lines feeding a load. The configuration of implementing the method with IEC 61850 standard is provided. The simulations on a small test system demonstrate the validity of the scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Due to the population growth and grid expansion to rural areas, the demand in Saudi electricity network is rapidly increasing. Consequently, the daily consumption of fossil fuels used to generate electricity is booming at an alarming rate. This has motivated the Saudi decision makers to explore different alternatives so as to improve energy efficiency and reliability both from the generation and demand sides. This paper gives an overview of the efforts taken by Saudi ARAMCO in this regard. These efforts include: (a) Implementation of new substation automation system based on the innovative IEC 61850 standards, and (b) Exploring options for the integration of renewable energy sources. These efforts will eventually culminate into the concept of smart grid to improve energy efficiency, reliability and cost effectiveness for the industrial sector. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In a world where Smart Grid is the hype, a crucial prerequisite for true “smart” transmission and distribution networks is currently missing; open standards-based communications must be available for the entire “monitoring, control and protection” chain. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]