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The current study intends to use moment redistribution concept besides the smart utilization of concrete strength to develop continuous reinforced concrete beams using hybrid concrete of normal and high strength grades in addition to investigates the effectiveness of introduced hybrid modes upon moment redistribution and related issues such as strength capacity, load deflection response, flexural stiffness, flexural ductility, and the mechanism of failure. The experimental program consists of manufacturing and testing six specimens of 3000×200 120 mm divided into two groups, the first one related to specimens of homogeneous concrete strength of, 60 MPa which denoted as high strength and the second group related to specimens of hybrid concrete strength the layer of 60 MPa and the lower layer of 20MP. Although of the significant reduction in section strength of in lower layer in hybrid mode for one third (from 60 to 20 MPa), the results depict that, the moment capacity, flexural stiffness and flexural ductility tends to get improving with the mid span enhancement rating increasing which is compatible with attained moment redistribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A number of studies have shown promising performance of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for diagnosis of lesions in skin cancer. To date, none of these have assessed algorithm performance in the real-world setting. Objective: The aim of this project is to evaluate practical issues of implementing a convolutional neural network developed by MoleMap Ltd and Monash University eResearch in the clinical setting. Methods: Participants were recruited from the Alfred Hospital and Skin Health Institute, Melbourne, Australia, from November 1, 2019, to May 30, 2021. Any skin lesions of concern and at least two additional lesions were imaged using a proprietary dermoscopic camera. Images were uploaded directly to the study database by the research nurse via a custom interface installed on a clinic laptop. Doctors recorded their diagnosis and management plan for each lesion in real time. A pre-post study design was used. In the preintervention period, participating doctors were blinded to AI lesion assessment. An interim safety analysis for AI accuracy was then performed. In the postintervention period, the AI algorithm classified lesions as benign, malignant, or uncertain after the doctors' initial assessment had been made. Doctors then had the opportunity to record an updated diagnosis and management plan. After discussing the AI diagnosis with the patient, a final management plan was agreed upon. Results: Participants at both sites were high risk (for example, having a history of melanoma or being transplant recipients). 743 lesions were imaged in 214 participants. In total, 28 dermatology trainees and 17 consultant dermatologists provided diagnoses and management decisions, and 3 experienced teledermatologists provided remote assessments. A dedicated research nurse was essential to oversee study processes, maintain study documents, and assist with clinical workflow. In cases where AI algorithm and consultant dermatologist diagnoses were discordant, participant anxiety was an important factor in the final agreed management plan to biopsy or not. Conclusions: Although AI algorithms are likely to be of most use in the primary care setting, higher event rates in specialist settings are important for the initial assessment of algorithm safety and accuracy. This study highlighted the importance of considering workflow issues and doctor-patient-AI interactions prior to larger-scale trials in community-based practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reflects on the wider benefits that civil engineers can bring to individual communities when undertaking design services through engaging with local stakeholders and understanding the environment, context and culture in which they work. A sustainable kindergarten complex in Ghana is used as a case study to illustrate the benefits of civil engineers adopting a broader perspective, combining global expertise with local knowledge. The paper explains the design approach taken by the team and the key features of the design and construction, which offers a sustainable solution to the shortfall in facilities for early-years learning in Ghana and potentially throughout Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]