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The prime objective of this research is to plunge into how Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) can integrate with sophisticated antenna array systems. The main aim is to design a new wireless antenna setup. The study concentrates on merging these cutting-edge technologies to pioneer advancements in wireless antennas. The main aim is to surpass the limitations that come with traditional wireless communication systems. According to this paper, a system performs best when it blends RIS and an intelligent antenna. In addition, this paper shows that the opportunities and challenges of RIS in recent works. Moreover, this combined use of smart antennas not only uses them for beamforming but also uses their maser feature as well thus enhancing more control over. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work focused mainly on the synthesis and characterization of zinc sulfide nanocrystals using chemical co-precipitation approach. Zinc sulfide nanoparticles with quasi-spherical shape have been fabricated by controlling the concentration of the starting materials, reaction time and PH of the solution. The formation of zinc sulfide nanocrystals was confirmed through TEM, FE-SEM, XRD and EDS techniques. The band gap energy was measured from the UV-Visible spectrum and was found to be 3.8 eV, the observation of red shift with respect to the bulk ZnS is attributed to the effect of quantum confinement. The influences of ZnS nanoparticles concentration and the contact time on cationic dye adsorption, were investigated. The adsorption behavior of ZnS nanoparticles was demonstrated and it was found that ZnS particles have the ability to adsorb methylene blue dye (MB) from aqueous solution. It was found that with increasing amount of ZnS in the dye solution, the removing for MB increased. Moreover, enhancing in the time of shaking causing growing in the absorption of MB on the ZnS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on developing a new mathematical model as a new approach for engineers and plant managers to maximize the power of cooling towers. In this regard, the relation between cooling tower operation and operating temperature is outlined to optimize the system besides considering a wide set of operating conditions. The results have specified the optimum condition of the temperature range. A series of mathematical modeling equations were solved to reach the optimum operating condition. The model showed a very high correlation coefficient (r), and low root means square error (RMSE=90), and an absolute fraction of variance (R2=0.89). to produce the appropriate output solution temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar energy is the most significant energy resource since it is pollution-free, clean, and inexhaustible. A huge number of approaches have been suggested in recent years for tracking the maximum Power and smoothing the performance of the system. In this manuscript, we submit a hybrid control scheme to ensure enduring power and achieve variable load requests in Battery based standalone photovoltaic systems. More specifically, in the submitted scheme, Model Predictive Control (MPC) is joint with Fuzzy logic to achieve the advantages of these two diverse approaches where a fuzzy approach controller is employed for the battery bidirectional DC line and a joint fuzzy-MPC scheme for the inverter (DC-AC) on the load side of the stand-alone system. The suggested controller could enhance the power reliability performance of the solar scheme. According to obtained results, the proposed topology overcomes the traditional PI model by achieving profits in the context of step-overshoot response enhancement around 0.9 % and the reduction in settling time is around 0.19 msec. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]