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Indonesia has a variety of cultural diversity, one of which is batik. However, many Indonesian people need to become more familiar with Batik Motifs because the interest in studying batik motifs is meager, especially among students. The development of this learning media is based on the limitations of the learning media for the Magetan batik material at the Tawanganom 2 Magetan Elementary School. This research was conducted using the Multimedia Development Life Cycle method. The development consists of 6 stages: concept, design, collecting material, assembly, testing, and distribution. The implementation results are BATAR (Batik Augmented Reality) applications made for smartphone users with the Android operating system. The content in BATAR application contains learning materials that explain batik motifs. Based on trials conducted by six respondents who are students, the total SUS test score obtained is 485, with an average SUS score of 81. Based on these average results, it can be concluded that the level of system usability is included in the "excellent" category or "very good" and is worthy of being used as a learning medium for the introduction of Magetan Batik handicraft products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research allows to know the symbolic value and the representations that tourists give to the traditional utilitarian and artistic handicraft work in pottery and ceramics, to identify the criteria of inclusion and exclusion at the time of purchase in Ráquira Boyacá, considered as the handicraft capital of Colombia. The objective of this research is to identify the potential of creative tourism based on utilitarian and artistic crafts as a strategy for economic revitalization and cultural dissemination in the municipality of Ráquira Boyacá. In addition, it is based on the main categories which identifies having a support or information on a participatory scenario involving artisans, tourists, merchants and the community. Likewise, the type of research handled in this project is qualitative where the analysis is interpretative and reflexive. In this way, ethnographic interviews are carried out to obtain decisive information from the artisans in relation to the techniques, know)how and traditional knowledge associated with their artisan work in which tourism contributes to the dissemination, valuation and conservation of artisan work, privileging the principles of sustainability, quality and responsibility of cultural and creative tourism. Therefore, as a result, relevant information from tourists who visit Ráquira was evidenced, with the purpose of knowing the symbolic value and the representations they give to artisan work. Equally important, concluding this research, there is a great potential to strengthen creative tourism products based on handicrafts in Ráquira. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Georges Méliès (1861-1938), the inventor of special effect techniques, has affected many European and American filmmakers. Art has accomplished successes to reappear human perception of time in its invisibility. This research makes an effort to demystify the craft technique with a paradox and ideally blend its contribution to the script. Therefore, the art director must be an expert in all arts, techniques, and architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability of students to calculate or identify physics quantities on physics problems in daily life is still low. That is one of the problems of learning physics in West Sumatra in 2019. Sufficient information (data, pictures, and graphics) from the visualization interpretation of real problems in daily life can help students solve it. The purpose of this study is to analyze the physics parameters on handicrafts in Pandai Sikek. The type of research that has been done by qualitative research. Data collection had used the Tracker simulation, Logger Pro Simulation and Focus Group of Discussion (FGD). Data were analyzed using qualitative techniques with three steps: data reduction, data presentation, conclusion and verification. The results showed that the physics parameters contained in the local wisdom of handicrafts in Pandai Sikek are related to concept of rotational motion. So, the physics parameters on handicrafts in Pandai Sikek can be used as resources of learning physics based on meaningful local wisdom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sling bag formed from the refinement of Anjat product is one of the handicraft goods with aesthetic and cultural characteristics manufactured from rattan. Anjat is a rattan backpack that is used by the Dayak tribe in Indonesia to carry garden equipment and is made in a variety of motifs. The sling bag is a product evolution from Anjat that has changed its purpose to that of a sling bag and was created in accordance with the fashion trend of a smaller size. The creation of this rattan sling bag product differs from the previous Anjat, which prioritized the aesthetic value and function of the product, due to the expanding development of varieties of bags from this product. The focus of this research is to evaluate the aesthetic features of the rattan sling bag as a fashion item today while keeping cultural values in perspective. The Kansei Engineering approach was utilized in this study to assess the product's aesthetic aspects based on existing user preferences. The Kansei Engineering technique yielded key category results with 70 respondents, namely motif, identity, design, and comfort. The purpose of this study is to make recommendations to the industry for the development of rattan sling bag items that are attractive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facility layout optimization is to set best physical configuration of the site facility to perform high production capacity and improve the performance of the organization. Marin fabrication yard is one of factory consists of several fabrication activities using a large area. Construction activities varied to produce different types of marine units and offshore platforms like decks, jackets, subsea guides, piles, deepwater oil and gas structures, and ships. This hug structure needs a suitable site area with a good arrangement of a fabrication facility to achieve best and fast production flow. The objective of this study is to optimize the yard facility layout for building and fabrication of marine and offshore units using Computerized Relative Allocation of Facilities Technique algorism. In this paper facility layout problem (FLP) for the marine fabrication yard (Alexandria yard) was verified as study work case. Computerized Relative Allocation of Facilities Technique algorism (CRAFT) used to improve the already existing marine yard layout. Also, Sample data project was collected to determine the amount of fabricated material as real data input for required calculations. Alternatives layout produced by CRAFT algorithm and compared with existing marine yard layout (Alexandria yard) to defined best layout design, the comparison found that the computerized layout design provided by CRAFT algorithms provides better layout design results and improves the initial material transportation from 187608.64 Birr to 76163 Birr By applying different types of iteration like switch, relocating and resizing the department. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth trend in world furniture exports, which has continued to increase over the last few years, has opened up opportunities for domestic business actors to increase market share and profits, one of which is PT. XYZ produces wood-based handicraft products in the form of perfume boxes for export to the Middle East market. In carrying out their business activities, companies often find it difficult to meet the increasing demand for perfume boxes, especially during peak seasons. Therefore, the researcher proposes an aggregate planning method using three strategies, namely chase strategy, level strategy and mixed strategy, to meet the demand for perfume boxes with minimum costs. The results of calculations that have been carried out show that a mixed strategy using the transportation method is the best strategy that will be applied to PT. XYZ because it can meet the demand for perfume boxes with a minimum cost of Rp. 4,531,944,000, saving Rp. 1,459,124,000 or 24.35% of the method currently used by the company during 2017. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Paper work on development of Leather puppet Art aims to provide support and address the challenges currently faced by enterprises that seek to improve rural livelihoods in the rural youth and puppetry sectors for the sake of smart village application. We proposed to execute focused programs that will enable capacity-building through knowledge inputs and resources, networking support. Therefore, youth empowerment, livelihood improvement and this leather Puppet Art in Handicrafts is possible through, enhance their knowledge in their fields of Computer Aided Process. The proposed aim of the paper work of results carried out by performing of Leather Puppet Art based on traditional knowledge in Computer Aided Process of software steps are prepared the expected resultant art, which shows the performance of Leather Puppet Art for the application of Smart village. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to present a new product design using the Business Model Canvas (BMC) technique and the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) technique. Designed furniture from Thai Puan wickerwork handicrafts, Pak Phli District, Nakhon Nayok Province. The research started by studying the needs of furniture users from Thai Phuan wicker handicrafts, Pak Phli District, Nakhon Nayok Province, using the BMC technique as a target group. Target audience Gathering demands from users of the Thai Phuan handicrafts group (Voice of Customer: VOC) and design values delivered to furniture users. It determines the population size and assigns a questionnaire to assess the degree of importance of each factor that meets. The furniture user's needs led the data to be analyzed in two separate QFD matrixes. Product planning matrix for analyzing quality characteristics and furniture product design matrix to analyze furniture designs from new wicker handicrafts. Analysis through the QFD technique yields results. There are issues of customer needs, including styles, materials, local identity. Utility, quality, etc. Design three types of Thai Puan wicker furniture products and survey customer satisfaction towards furniture products from Thai Puan handicrafts. The average joy of various attributes of furniture products from customers or general users of wicker handicraft furniture products was 4.80. The average satisfaction with the multiple features of furniture products from Thai Phuan wicker handicrafts can be designed to meet customers' needs at an excellent level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study will use the Business Model Canvas (BMC), and Quality Function Deployment (QFD) approaches to provide a new product design. Pak Phli District, Nakhon Nayok Province, designed furniture made from Thai Puan wickerwork handicrafts. Using the BMC technique as a target group, the research began by gathering data and needs from clients of Thai Phuan wicker handicrafts in Pak Phli District, Nakhon Nayok Province. The intended audience demands from Thai Phuan handicrafts group users (Voice of Customer, VOC) were gathered, and design values were provided to customers. It calculates the population size and distributes a questionnaire to estimate the importance of each aspect that fits the criteria. The data was examined in two separate QFD matrixes due to the customer's needs. Furniture product design matrix for exploring furniture designs from new wicker handicrafts and a product planning matrix for analyzing quality attributes. The QFD approach produces outcomes in analysis. Customer requirements include styles, materials, local identity, utility, quality, and so forth. This study designs three different Thai Puan wicker furniture varieties and survey consumer satisfaction with Thai Puan handcraft furniture. The average level of satisfaction with various aspects of wicker handcraft furniture products among consumers or general users was 4.80. The average satisfaction with the many aspects of Thai Phuan wicker handicrafts furniture products can be designed to fulfill customers' needs to an excellent degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Toyota Production System is an approach which was a great success thanks to the efforts of Toyota who summed up his carrier in two rules: -Continuous improvement and respect from people. Toyota has developed its production system based on handicraft production which ensures the adaptability and durability. The Toyotism concept sought to move from a handicraft production to a varied production based on quality, performance, reduction of cost and delays, and the facility of work. The inclusion of TPS in the Moroccan handicraft sector is a very good step in order to increase the productivity and performance of this company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel technique invites for the vermuculite material printed on drone and has the objective of being used to public safety in smart cities. The primary means of wireless delivery and recovery management was the delivery drone. Proximity and capability go hand in hand in giving places that are hard to get to, but challenging and in need of further growth. Additionally, it offers the critical facilities like decision making and information at the time of the disaster to assist in emergency situations, and analysis in times of catastrophe. Additionally, remote wireless communication with drones will assist in creating a safety assistant during disaster scenarios. the research into combat, monitoring, and evaluating the safety of the fighting fields Printed with special vermiculite, which is capable of withstanding high temperatures of over 1000°C. in response to this, the state passed internet of public devices that not only fulfils accuracy and efficiency, but adds to it as well, with immediate implementation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to present a new product design using the Business Model Canvas (BMC) technique and the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) technique. Designed furniture from Thai Puan wickerwork handicrafts, Pak Phli District, Nakhon Nayok Province. The research started by studying the needs of furniture users from Thai Phuan wicker handicrafts, Pak Phli District, Nakhon Nayok Province, using the BMC technique as a target group. Target audience Gathering demands from users of the Thai Phuan handicrafts group (Voice of Customer: VOC) and design values delivered to furniture users. It determines the population size and assigns a questionnaire to assess the degree of importance of each factor that meets. The furniture user's needs led the data to be analyzed in two separate QFD matrixes. Product planning matrix for analyzing quality characteristics and furniture product design matrix to analyze furniture designs from new wicker handicrafts. Analysis through the QFD technique yields results. There are issues of customer needs, including styles, materials, local identity. Utility, quality, etc. Design three types of Thai Puan wicker furniture products and survey customer satisfaction towards furniture products from Thai Puan handicrafts. The average joy of various attributes of furniture products from customers or general users of wicker handicraft furniture products was 4.80. The average satisfaction with the multiple features of furniture products from Thai Phuan wicker handicrafts can be designed to meet customers' needs at an excellent level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study will use the Business Model Canvas (BMC), and Quality Function Deployment (QFD) approaches to provide a new product design. Pak Phli District, Nakhon Nayok Province, designed furniture made from Thai Puan wickerwork handicrafts. Using the BMC technique as a target group, the research began by gathering data and needs from clients of Thai Phuan wicker handicrafts in Pak Phli District, Nakhon Nayok Province. The intended audience demands from Thai Phuan handicrafts group users (Voice of Customer, VOC) were gathered, and design values were provided to customers. It calculates the population size and distributes a questionnaire to estimate the importance of each aspect that fits the criteria. The data was examined in two separate QFD matrixes due to the customer's needs. Furniture product design matrix for exploring furniture designs from new wicker handicrafts and a product planning matrix for analyzing quality attributes. The QFD approach produces outcomes in analysis. Customer requirements include styles, materials, local identity, utility, quality, and so forth. This study designs three different Thai Puan wicker furniture varieties and survey consumer satisfaction with Thai Puan handcraft furniture. The average level of satisfaction with various aspects of wicker handcraft furniture products among consumers or general users was 4.80. The average satisfaction with the many aspects of Thai Phuan wicker handicrafts furniture products can be designed to fulfill customers' needs to an excellent degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the tourist perception of facilities management at the Handicraft Museum Kota Bharu Kelantan. The museum plays a vital role in educating, managing, and identifying the communities cultural heritage because it connects to their collective memories and identities in provoking their sense of attachment and belongingness. Due to limited of scientific information in the related field, this study argues the significance of facilities management in enhancing tourists and communities experience as well as connection with their identities of the past in the handicraft museum in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. This research uses quantitative research methods, which is a survey method on tourist perception. The survey was randomly disseminated through google form to respective visitors who had visited the museum. Results show that most visitors visited the museum once in their lifetime due to the poor facility management due to three categories of facilities management. The paper also suggests few aspects of improvisation in museum management such as to hire more staffs, visible information's guidelines, sufficient public amenities, visible marketing strategies and promotions. This research also highlights its concern on the existence of an open restaurant in the museum establishments, which affects the structure and façade of the museum in the future. This study contributes to the importance of facilities management in enhancing tourist and communities experience in learning and connecting to their past and identities, which eventually invokes their sense of belongingness and attachment to their cultural heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kelingkan is an art of embroidery using metal ribbon threads coated with gold, silver embroidered on a soft fabric surface. Kelingkan requires high precision and uses the expertise of embroiders. Recall this is the handcraft led by Malay women for a long time in nature, namely Malays in Sarawak, Kelantan and Selangor. Each of these states has a different design motif identity and reflects its own state and identity through the use of flora and fauna motifs. In Kelantan, the art of embroidery is still done on a small scale although it is less well known Sarawak and Selangor but the market demand still continues due to the uniqueness of the edge decoration (kok) different between the states that are active in Kelingkan embroidery. The question is what is the origin of Kelantan embroidery and how is the decorative motif (kok) depicted in Kelantan embroidery? To answer this question, a qualitative study was conducted through field study methods, Such as observation of dry embroidery artifacts and interviews with embroidery markers. The study found that a history of embroidery kelingkan in Malaysia evolved since the existence of the trading system in Malaya. Only three states Sarawak, Selangor and Kelantan still have embroiders that are actively conducing it. The development of kelingkan embroidery in Malaysia started in the palace and developed through hereditary family relationships and incubator program while there are two side decorative motifs (kok) depicted in Kelantan kelingkan embroidery, namely 3 points and 5 points or also known as etok is shell. In conclusion, the results of this study should be seen as a continuing source for the Malay community art treasures to be preserved and maintained at the younger generation so that no time wasted. Through this study, kelingkan embroidery can also explain the variety of kelingkan available in Malaysia, Kelantan, Selangor and Sarawak which are still actively doing this embroidery in textile and clothing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Talang Mamak Tribe is one of the native tribes in the province of Riau, which utilizes the plants as handicraft materials. The variety of plants that are used in the process of making handicrafts has benefits in various activities. This research aims to inventory plants that are utilized by the Talang Mamak tribe in Indragiri Hulu Regency as handicraft materials. Data collection used surveys and in-depth interviews with the Talang Mamak tribe in three districts in Indragiri Hulu Regency. The results showed that there were 15 types of plants used in making handicraft materials. Handicraft materials were produced in the form of sieve, buyong, bakol, sack, mat, nyiru, tangguk, and lukah. The handicrafts can be used to support the Talang Mamak tribe's daily activities and some can be sold to fulfill their needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation serves a steppingstone for re-instigating growth in the indigenous industries of developing countries. One such sector which accounts for one of the largest employment generation opportunity in India is the handicraft sector. The informal sector, which includes handicrafts, has been described by the International Labour Organization (ILO) as a part of economic activity characterized by certain features like reliance on local available resources and skills, family ownership, small scale operations, labour intensity, traditional technology, skills generally acquired outside school system, unregulated and competitive markets. This study aims at understanding the challenges the Indian handicraft market is facing and highlighting the current practices adopted to tackle them. The handicraft sector today is faced with a lot of challenges ranging from unorganized marketing and inadequate market information to lack of support mechanism for product development. The study adopts a case-based methodology involving primary sources such as field interviews with the key stakeholders of the industry within North Indian region as well as secondary sources including publicly available information about competitive ventures and government interventions. The hub and spoke model is a significantly popular industry tool for dealing with the problems similar to the ones faced currently by the handicraft industry. A similar model was adopted and its compatibility within our problem statement was evaluated. Findings revolved around the fact that how incorporating a simple hub and spoke based model coupled with appropriate technological intervention could address the identified challenges. It also highlights how exchange of information through a digital marketplace can bring about sustainable change in an otherwise ailing industry. We conclude the paper with the proposal of a hub and spoke model custom-made for the North Indian sector, in an attempt to reinvigorate the regional handicraft business through innovative intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Handicraft occupation is a strenuous job, often performed in poor work settings. Working in such conditions for a long period of time may lead to musculoskeletal pain in different body regions. The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of lower back pain and their associated work-related psychosocial risk factors among the male handicraft workers in India. A self-reported questionnaire study was conducted among 286 male handicraft workers, including gemstone cutters, metalcraft workers, and miniature painters. The lower back pain was found to be the most prevalent (75.18%) and severe work-related health problem in this occupational group. Work-related psychosocial factors such as high job demand and low job control showed a significant association with the development of lower back pain. The findings suggested that despite the substantial impact of the physical work with respect to the etiology of musculoskeletal pain, researchers should expand their focus to work-related psychosocial issues. Preventive intervention strategies ensuring ergonomic workload and flexibility at the workplace of handicraft workers are highly recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates how memory affects everyday information behavior. Previous literature generally examined memory as a broad category, missing to consider how the variance in memory influences information behavior. To bridge this gap, we interviewed and observed 10 arts and crafts hobbyists when they navigated a creative shopping space designed to spark serendipity. Findings demonstrate the distinction between memory, including positive, negative, and practical, along with their potential impacts on everyday information behavior. This work provides a novel analysis of memory, shedding new light on the subtlety of memory in information behavior research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wearable devices were developed to monitor and assisted the normal routine of the elderly, especially the patients, but they refused or felt unpleasant to wear the devices. Therefore, the device's appearance that incorporated with handicraft materials and skills had been designed and tested to the prospect users which were able to shown its potential to help those users to accept those wearable devices from its variety of design decorations and more human-touch look, even if the handicraft design approach had limited the performance and the precision of the devices. The research's result could shown the new opportunity for the handicraft producer for these high technology devices and could create thousands work for the handicraft producers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia's creative industries are increasingly contributing positively to the growth of creative economy. Soft innovation as a business development strategy begins to show its true identity as a major booster for the advancement of several creative industries in Indonesia. The author observes business phenomena occurring in the macro and micro environments of several creative industries in fashion, design and handicraft sub-sectors, and it is alleged that entrepreneurial orientation and co-creation by business actors with customers and partners can generate soft innovations in some creative industries. The results show that the breakthrough of soft innovation is triggered by the combined activity of the two factors mentioned above. The authors conclude that in the creative industry, soft innovations such as innovation of aesthetics elements, intellectual property, and local experience elements that have been created in the products offered, are able to become the superiority and uniqueness of Indonesian creative products to compete in the domestic market, as well as foreign markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The craft sector is a very important point in Morocco, especially at the level of the medina of Fez, the craft units still suffers at the level of conduct and management of production. The study of this system will well allow us to detect the strengths and weaknesses of the craft company, and try to develop it in terms of production and performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collaborative work in teaching/learning promotes synergy and nurtures moments when diverse points of view come together. The user-centred design workshop from the Industrial Design program at the Universidad del Bío-Bío worked collaboratively with the Association of Artisans and the group "Comercio Justo Manos" in order to contribute to the production and/or design of new products. During the first phase of the workshop, students explored the theoretical scope and limits of the category "artisan craftwork" and performed field research in order to identify instances or appearances of this category in the city. Workshop participants were divided into project teams assigned to a specific site, and they were encouraged to explore different topics which they discussed as a whole. Finally, the groups joined together to develop a collective proposal: An Infographic Map (physical and interactive) of the city of Concepción, which topographically identifies categories of artisan locales, zoning and pedestrian areas. Students considered materials, sizes, colours and visual appearance, among other criteria, when illustrating relevant aspects of the city context, as well as findings regarding artisan craftwork and collaboration when developing the map. The pedagogical value of this exercise lies in the application of co-creation and collaboration within the classroom. Participant feedback was gathered using a survey, and results highlighted students' understanding of the importance of working towards a common goal. The project methodology opened up a space of dialogue and allowed students to exchange ideas and criteria in an informed manner, which has important implications in the training of industrial designers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, we developed an entertainment AR system that make an original spinning top for kids. Our goal is to increase the kid's motivations to making handcraft work. To achieve this goal, we tried applying information technology to making original CD spinning top that is the handcraft workshop. Our developed system acquires the spinning top of parameters such as a color, a position and a rotational speed. For extending the spinning top play experience, this system transforms those parameters to various images or music. In order to evaluate system, we had held kids events using this system. In this paper, we report a developing method of this system and discuss the effects of using at handcraft workshop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case explores the strategic direction of a small U.S. organization devoted to helping the Mayan population of Guatemala. Maya Works is an organization that is attempting to create a sustainable market for the traditional crafts produced by Mayan women in the impoverished parts of the country. This social enterprise is attempting to capitalism to advance its social agenda. The organization faces many challenges as it tries to sow the seeds of entrepreneurship in Guatemala and is searching for strategic direction to continue and grow the organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scarf oya making in the Centre, Uluborlu and Egirdir Districts studied in the extent of Isparta scarf oya work has been a traditional handicraft made since ancient times. There are nine different kinds of scarf oya works. Three kinds of them are needle, crochet and shuttle oya works are known and made in these regions. Art and aesthetic aspects of oya works are in the high level in these regions, they have shaped with artfulness of oya artist. Oya works have been termed according to their techniques, shapes of motifs, and named after it's artist in Isparta. From this point of view, oya works were studied and classified by their production techniques and motifs and documented by original photos. Studied oya works are derived from special collections in Isparta and Uluborlu. Knowledge about oya works are derived from oya artists by interview. Also oya works examined with respect to culture and traditions of there. Oya making is a handicraft that takes place in Isparta's wedding traditions. Education concerning oya work art, learned by passing from mother to daughter, has started to open recently. The most important reason for making oya is to contribute to the family income now. Consequently oya making in these regions is a handicraft that has high art, social and economical value on the triangle of tradition-income-education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the sites of tourist and geological interests near Queretaro, Mexico. It discusses the local and engineering geology aspects of the Valley of Queretaro, and mentions the active hydrothermal system present in the valley. It states the effects of fractures and deformations on a 14th century monastery in Celaya, and discusses the colonial architecture and handcrafts of the city of Miguel de Allende. Also presented are maps and pictures of the places discussed.

The article discusses how artisans create multiple meanings of authenticity to accommodate, modify and resist the effects of globalization on local culture and local economic life with reference to the Thai artisans of the Hang Dong district. According to hostile worlds view, the authentic artisan should lament the capitalization of hand-crafted objects. For the production of authentic objects, the artisan uses pre-modern equipment and techniques. He engages in the collaborative work arrangements and reproduce authentic forms. In 1990 the Thai government established the large Ban Tawai Handicraft Center. It was a job training center for villagers where they could find an alternative source of livelihood.

Becoming a proficient glassblower involves an indispensable shift away from cognitive, or retrospective, readings of practice towards corporeal readings, marking the development of proficient practical knowledge. Cognitive readings of practice are an essential part of the novice's apprenticeship, as they guide her corporeal adaptation within, and consequent incorporation of, the new activity and setting. In learning glassblowing myself in the course of an ethnography of handicrafts in New York City, the subtleties of the apprenticeship, the varying modes of reading and understanding the practice, both cognitive and corporeal, have emerged, complexifying and enriching our understanding of the transmission, development, and modalities of practical knowledge. Such ethnographic dissection brings phenomenological considerations to bear on the question of achieving proficient practical knowledge, but also enables us to sharpen our understanding of the role of meaning in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Architecture is very complex. Architecture is a science as well as a handicraft. Architecture is developing very fast. So traditional courses (curricula) for learning how to make architecture do not fit the exploding needs on and technical possibilities of architec-ture: We need new concepts to study architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe the design and implementation of Blossom, a social robot that diverges from convention by being flexible both internally and externally. Internally, Blossom's actuation mechanism is a compliant tensile structure supporting a free-floating platform. This design enables organic and lifelike movements with a small number of motors and simple software control. Blossom's exterior is also flexible in that it is made of fabric and not rigidly attached to the mechanism, enabling it to freely shift and deform. The handcrafted nature of the shell allows Blossom to take on a variety of forms and appearances. Blossom is envisioned as an open platform for user-crafted human-robot interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]