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Samarium (Sm) plays an indispensable role in the needs of modern production materials. The detection of these metal is still challenging due to the chemical and physical properties of rare earth metals are very similar to each other. Analytical methods, such as atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), are often used to analyze the presence of those metals. However, these methods often need serious sample-preparation steps or require expensive equipment. Electrochemical techniques would be more desirable due to promises high sensitivity, high selectivity, high accuracy and high detection limit with less-labor intensive. To provide a good result, the level of repetition is relatively high which consequent to chemical consumption. To overcome this problem, the combination of the voltammetry and the chemometric method can be one of the solution which can contribute to green analytical techniques to minimize the consumption of solvent and increased time efficiency. Hereby, we interest to study and investigate the optimum condition for detection of Samarium through complex formation with DTPA using differential pulse voltammetry with modified graphite pencil electrode conducted by a Plackett-Burman experimental design. The selected factors, which shows a positive response to the current by the Plackett-Burman method, were optimized based on the Box-Behnken design to obtain the optimum conditions. The obtained precision and accuracy value for Sm-DTPA under optimum condition are 99.5% and 98.6%. The detection and quantitation limits respectively for Sm-DTPA were 27.44 mgL-1 and 91.53 mgL-1. Importantly this work provides an effective approach with economically cheap and less chemical consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution discusses different aspects related to EM- and piezo-scavengers from ambient energy that are very promising as power suppliers of the latest evolution of ultra-low power electronic systems. First challenges in designing circuits and systems for microwave ambient energy harvesting are discussed. A design flow, including the RF/Microwave receivers and the base-band conversion blocks is presented. Power densities as low as few μW/cm2 are targeted as realistic sources to be scavenged by a highly efficient multi-band resonant rectenna. Predicted and measured results in stationary regime are presented and the measured converted energy is also assessed. Second, a conventional piezoelectric scavenger is tested as a power source of a nomadic RFID-reader adopted for novel localization system approach. The latter is intended as an example of multidisciplinary (RFID-NFC, ultra-low power systems, short range wireless power transfer, organic technologies and so on), fully autonomous (energy scavenger on board, battery-less), wirelessly empowered (multitude of passive tags is energized by autonomous reader), evolutionary electronic system toward a “greener world”. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]