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Moringa is a genus of medicinal plants which spread and are even cultivated around the globe. The Moringacease family comprises 13 native species ranging from sub-Himalayan to African, Madagascar, and the Arabian region. Nearly every part of these species such as roots, stems, flowers, leaves have their immense importance for traditional and future applications. Traditionally, the enriched medicinal and nutritive profile of Moringa species explores for curing over 300 diseases due to its anti-agent properties as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-diabetic. Most of its bioactive behavior is due to high content molecules like flavonoids, glucosides, glucosinolates, steroids, and oleic acid, etc. Some of the Moringa species like oleifera, ovalifolia, and stenopetala are divested remarkably by the reactive oxygen species. The objectives of the present review are to update and develop a better understanding of the medicinal and commercial potential along with the ethnobotanical aspects of multifaceted Moringa species in the line-up with its traditional and future strategies for better application among communities for improved health and sustainable technology like water purification technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well known that soil polluted with different pollutants, including oil, can naturally remediate. Primarily, the process of oil utilization starts with the degradation of saturated alkanes by microorganisms. Alkane monooxygenase is the major enzyme involved in the degradation of alkanes and it is classified into three groups, each catalyzing the degradation of n-alkanes with different chain lengths. In this study, we investigated abundance of alkane monooxygenases genes in the soil contaminated with oil during the process of biorestoration that lasted for 120 days. We conducted a laboratory experiment with three oil doses – 6, 12 and 25% (P6, P12, P25). Dynamics of genes related to group I, group II, and group III alkane monooxygenases were quantified by qPCR. In addition, the total petroleum content and the content of hydrocarbon fractions were analyzed. It was found that the hydrocarbon content did not change significantly during 120 days. However, the content of saturated alkanes decreased by 9.8 and 24% for P6 and P12, respectively. It was determined that I group genes were characterized by a minimal amount in the range from 1.4x10² to 4.4x10³ gene copy number g-1 . The number of genes belonging to the II group was in the range from 2x10² to 7.7x105 gene copy number g-1, and the genes of the III group — from 9.9x104 to 3.2x106 gene copies number g-1 . The content of I group genes increased immediately at the 3rd day after the contamination, and further their quantity decreased in comparison with the uncontaminated soil. The content of genes from the II and III groups increased from the 1st to 3rd days and further continued to grow with the maximum amount at the 30-60 days after the contamination. Thus, it was found that the content of genes encoding alkane monooxygenase increased after oil pollution, while a decrease in the content of aliphatic hydrocarbon fractions was also observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cotyledons from 7-day-old in vitro broccoli seedling were used as explant source in adventitious root induction on MS medium supplemented with 30 g/l sucrose, 1.6 mg/l IBA and 7 g/l agar. Adventitious roots from cotyledons were transferred to liquid medium containing the same components as rooting medium for two weeks, then subcultured to MS medium with diferent sugar, macrominerals and casein hydrolysate concentrations. The best adventitious root growth was observed in half-strength MS medium supplemented with 40 g/l sucrose, 600 mg/l casein hydrolysate and 1.6 mg/l IBA (growth index of 4.00 in about 14 culture days with inoculum density of 1.0 g fresh weight/30 ml of culture medium). The culturing process can be stopped on the 28th day for root biomass and on the 35th day for glucosinolates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Horseradish is a perennial plant with significant antioxidant properties, and it contains about 0.2% to 1.0% of essential oil, mainly sinigrin, sinigrin-derived allylisothiocyanate and diallylsulphide. The aim of the study was to determine composition of volatile compounds of horseradish (A. rusticana L.) roots depending on the genotype. Volatiles from fresh horseradish roots of nine genotypes were extracted using solid phase microextraction with DVB/Car/PDMS fibre and were further analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The volatile compounds were identified by comparing their mass spectra with mass spectral libraries (Nist98) and by calculating linear retention indexes and comparing them with the literature data. The studied horseradish genotypes differed both in the quantitative and qualitative content of aroma compounds. Totally 15 volatile compounds were detected, and their highest amount was found in genotype G12B. The main aroma compound of all horseradish samples was allylisothiocyanate, which formed 64-82% of the total identified volatile compounds. The obtained results were compared with those found in the literature. All horseradish samples contained significant amounts of phenylethylisothiocyanate (4-18%) that is formed from glucosinolate - gluconasturtin. The study revealed that genotype has great influence on the content of volatiles in horseradish roots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]