Search

This article delves into a progressive approach for enhancing English competence based on TOEFL results through the utilization of an expert system employing the forward chaining method. As a benchmark for English proficiency, TOEFL necessitates a strategic and personalized approach to address individual weaknesses. The proposed expert system analyzes TOEFL performance, identifies specific areas of improvement, and tailors learning pathways accordingly. By employing forward chaining, the system can effectively guide learners through a logical progression of targeted exercises, tailored study plans, and recommended resources to fortify identified language skill deficits. This article sheds light on how this innovative integration of technology and pedagogy can significantly bolster English language competence for TOEFL success and the overall English language proficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modeling and analysis of information flow from various sources (e.g., analyst reports, news, and social media), and their impact on assets and investment decisionmaking, have drawn lots of attention. In this paper, we propose a new knowledge inference design framework that provides concrete prescriptions for developing systems capable of supporting knowledge-based investment decision-making. Our framework design incorporates the advantages of both knowledge graphs and symbolic reasoning engines through the concept of a dual system. On the other hand, it overcomes the weaknesses of traditional expert systems, saving time in the knowledge input process, reducing the introduction of errors, and achieving more comprehensive knowledge coverage to obtain better predictive performance. Moreover, our proposed design artifacts are of significant importance in addressing the issues of causality and interpretability in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimization techniques have increasingly been applied in industrial environments over the past years. Even so, requirements and restrictions of real world problems, like technical standards and including physical impossibilities, are not so easy to include. Often, these constraints are hard coded in the computer program and the user cannot update them without the help of a programmer. In most cases, they are used as must regions in the search space. However, in real world problems the restrictions usually are not so strict. Expert systems have a knowledge base that resides outside of the computer program and relies on a set of rules that can be easily updated by the user. Fuzzy logic can make flexible the restrictions provided by specialists' knowledge about the problem. This paper aims to propose a Fuzzy Expert System (FES) to better handle the constraints in real life engineering and business optimization problems. The proposed system was tested for optimizing an engineering problem comparing two known swarm algorithms, PSO and wFSS. The latter one is multimodal and suggest multiple feasible solutions, which is even better for supporting decisions. The results of the study show that the proposed method can achieve good and feasible solutions on the given problems and, consequently, increase competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers the problem of multicriteria analysis under uncertainty with an unclear evaluation of the decision criteria values using utterances in natural language. Implementation of an algorithm of fuzzy multicriteria analysis according to the Bellman-Zade scheme on the basis of the BPsim.MSN decision support system is presented. The BPsim.MSN system supports the expert systems development. Results of the implemented algorithm application to choice of the software development variant have been applied to the simulation model of resource conversion processes in the BPsim.MAS modeling system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolution of the 'smart city' concept among scholars has been remarkable over the last decades. While the diversity of related descriptive notions (digital, knowledge, intelligent, creative, livable or ubiquitous city) remains, academic papers in steadily growing numbers scrutinize 'smart cities' from various aspects (knowledge management, ICT infrastructure or urban planning). This paper aims at establishing a conceptual model to determine cities' position on the path to becoming a 'smart city.' May we expect that a city with an established high-tech digital library, however, lacking an intelligent public transportation system will reach the level beyond which academics will affix the 'smart city' tag? What happens if some contributing components improve while others remain at their previous levels or even diminish over time? We constituted a knowledge-based model comprising of smart city attributes and rules, taking into account their effect, to be prepared to answer questions like these. First, we defined all the relevant and independent attributes that build up the 'smart city' from the smallest factors, grouped by the three main deterministic dimensions: technology, institutions, and people, as conceptualized by academics (Nam & Pardo, 2011). Second, in commencing research, we shall define probability levels for these attributes, representing what extent they contribute to their governing factor. We shall use four linguistic variables to describe these fuzzy values. In the final step, we shall implement a deductive reasoning model to facilitate conclusions on the likelihood of reaching the goal: the smart city. We shall also demonstrate the results of the model by investigating actual scenarios from the world of our time. The comprehensive set of substantial and organized contributing factors previously studied by numerous academics, the adequately defined rules, and the deductive reasoning underpin the trustworthiness of our conceptual model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We make decisions based on our aspirations. We don't choose between experiences; we choose between memories of experiences. And even when we think about the future, we don't think of our future normally as experiences. We think of our future as anticipated memories. And basically, you can look at this, you know, as a tyranny of the remembering self, and you can think of the remembering self-sort of dragging the experiencing self through experiences that the experiencing self doesn't need. This paper demonstrates how to build a knowledge-base which contains a decision-maker's aspiration. Our environment, the context of the decision, can only affect what is stored in our long-term memory (LTM). We retrieve what is in our LTM through the working memory (WM). Organizing our aspirations can be supported by an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm. We developed a Knowledge-based System shell, namely Doctus KBS. It can generate a Case-Based Graph classifying the cases acquired from the domain expert. This Graph does not show dependencies, but the if-then rules induced by processing the cases. The if-then rules may be read from the root of the graph towards its leaves, where the value of the outcome is shown. The storing of experience in knowledge-bases and the discernment of the if-then rules serve the necessary sharing of knowledge. It would be useful if the recognition of thinking patterns and the if-then rules between aspirations were included in smart tools. The great benefit of the Case-Based Rule Reasoning is the reduced size, i.e. the significantly decreased number of the attributes. In the old paradigm it is a question of what AI can still know. The new paradigm could be the question of how working memory could make up deficiencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sort-rolled production is a complex, multi-faceted process characterized by high fuel and electricity costs. Therefore, increasing the efficiency of production and minimizing energy costs is one of the key tasks. The use of expert systems (ES), developed on the basis of modern information technologies of artificial intelligence elements and created on the basis of modern concepts of the mechanics of a deformable body of multiple mathematical models for roll pass design and technologies of rolling, provides the quick solution of this problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An "Expert System" is based on "trial and error". The configurations' classification is difficult for the human user, however such categorization may be performed with the assistance of an human experts. The random configurations generated by the computer may be classified and for further computer expert system interrogation by the user. Imparting knowledge can be performed as follows: Transferring the knowledge - the instructor shows the collection of elements A={e1,e2,..., en} to the learning entity, and each value vi is assigned to the corresponding element ei (i=1,2,...n). Using the knowledge - the learning entity receives an element e, e∊U for consideration, where A ⊂U, and assigns to e its corresponding value, v. The learning entity scans the values; ei, finds the element ej, the closest to e, and joins it to the value vi. The computerized system is used as a model, enabling formalization and deduction for humans. In the computerized case, it is possible to observe a series of Expert Systems in the ascending orders of complexity, defined as follows: Binary case - the elements may receive only one of two values: 'yes' or 'no', without the possibility of attaching two different values to the same element. Ternary deterministic - the elements may receive one of three values 'yes', 'no', and 'maybe'. Ternary nondeterministic - here the same element may appear with various values that are statistically supported. Canonization of elements - here collection A is defined as A={A1, A2, ..., Ak}, where Al (l=1,2,..., k) represents: A={el1,el2,...,elnl; the computerized system deduces, based on the element elm, the corresponding value, vl. Element-ranged canonization - here the collection of elements A is defined as follows: Al={δ1,δ2,...,δnl;} (l=1,2,...k), A = {A1, A2, ..., Ak, }δj=햫αjβj⅃ , is an interval of integer numbers; the computerized system deduces the corresponding value vl, relying on elements from the interval Aj. The following examples, graded according to their complexity and their level of uncertainty, represent the above Expert System's classification: • Determining correct blood transfusion; • Teaching the Traffic Light rules in two modes: • Deterministic • Nondeterministic • Identifying Deductive characters • Recognizing Color Hues- based on the colors' RGB ranges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Restructuring of mining activity in Romania resulted in active implementation of reconstruction programs, upgrading and modernization of the mines in the Jiu Valley. These programs were aimed mainly at increasing labor productivity safely. Considering, along with requirements for ensuring a safe and healthy working environment, also the issues related to the drained methane valorization and to environmental protection restrictions it was imposed to rethink the so-called "global methane treatment" at the level of mine units. Investigation and research carried out so far focused primarily on the development of mathematical models and software tools that allow computer simulations of drainage systems aimed to optimize their design. Also, special attention was given to the critical analysis of the drainage systems management to establish functions and architecture of an automatic monitoring and control system of drainage units. As a logical consequence of steps taken so far in order to optimize the design and operation of the methane drainage systems in the paper they are shown how to implement automatic self-adjustment and optimization functions within the monitoring and automatic control system of drainage networks and are investigated the possibilities to achieve an expert system for the analysis of such networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Confronting disasters or crises, be it natural or human-caused, require adequate access to information and a high degree of cooperation between involved organizations, authorities and citizens. This paper addresses the problem of information integration and manageability by proposing an approach resilient to high data influx and partial system failures which uses semantic technologies to make sense of the information flood emerged during the crises, allows citizens to provide real-time information about ongoing incidents, and finally warns people of acute dangers in their vicinity. This approach integrates people in the information feedback loop and allows authorities to manage the situation more efficiently and effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CISTI (Iberian Conference on Information Systems & Technologies / Conferência Ibérica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informação) Proceedings is the property of Conferencia Iberica de Sistemas Tecnologia de Informacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Schooling pharmacy undergraduates need to concentrate not only on the basic knowledge of pharmaceutics but also on pharmacy technical skills delivered to the students. There are several reasons that obstruct raising pharmacy students to achieve lecturer expectations which results in pharmacy graduates' lack of skills needed for the market. One of the real reasons which is focused in this research is students get bored in class. Game-Based Learning (GBL) is one of the assistant systems for improving the students such as acquisition, training and learning skills. Additionally, games can provide immediate feedback, situated learning without risk, high motivation and enjoyment for learning. The aim of this paper is to design a game-based learning framework for training pharmacy students, where the unity game engine has been used to develop the game-based learning system and the knowledge engineering techniques have been used to capture pharmaceutical knowledge from experts such as suggestion information, drug information, communication practice, etc. In order to measure student skill development, the system was designed to evaluate student achievement and also provide them immediate feedbacks. Finally, the preliminary result shows the user satisfaction survey demonstrating impact of the game-based learning system on pharmacy education which could facilitate positive pharmacy undergraduates' experiences before they graduate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the design of an ideal, and to some extent general, expert system for evaluation of randomly generated algebra with the help of EQCreator program, which is able to generate EQ of algebra. It was created for the purpose of future expansion of the program for the possibility of generating any algebra specified by the user. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we present the design and simulation of an intelligent system (fuzzy expert system) that enables practitioners and researchers to predict Not-In-My-Backyard (NIMBY) sentiments in lay stakeholders in response to the increasing proximity of geo-sequestration of CO2 facilities. The system is a multi-input single-output (MISO) model using four key predictors of NIMBY-like attitudes. The design incorporates computational intelligence of fuzzy logic into a traditional sustainable technology acceptance model for CCS and redevelops the model into a fuzzy expert system. The hybridization makes it possible to automate the NIMBY-like attitude variable using a rule-based fuzzy logic inference system. The automation obviates the need for the mathematical basis required to implement a conventional technology acceptance model and to comprehend interpretation of results. In this paper, we present a simulation model of the system and suggest future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sign Language (SL) is not a universal language, but diverse sign languages have been used in several countries, such as the UK, the US and Thailand. Sign Language is a visual language for communication between people with hearing impairment in everyday life. Nonetheless, standard sign language experts are rare and there is a lack of experts in the specification of standard sign languages. In this paper, we present the development of an intelligent game-based system for learning sign language with Kinect aiming at the practice of sign language for students with hearing impairment. The game-based learning provided learning activities that could suggest students to achieve an end goal. Moreover, knowledge capturing was employed by the knowledge engineering method from three sign language experts, as well as an action of sign language. After further analysis, immediate feedback and suggestions based on knowledge transfer from American Sign Language (ALS) experts were given. This experimental divided the students (N=31) into two groups. Group A (N=17) learnt with game-based learning while Group B (N=14) learnt with traditional face to face learning. As a result, this study provided a significant difference (p<0.05) on the mean score of the post-test of both Group A as well as Group B. The final result showed that the game-based learning approach provides a performance of ASL vocabularies higher than the traditional face to face learning approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sign language is a visual language for communication among the deaf people around the world in everyday life. Sign language, however, is not a universal language but different sign languages have been used in many countries, for instance, there are several sign languages in the UK, the USA and Thailand. A sign language comprises two types; signs and finger-spellings. Signs are gestures of continuous hand motion as well as hand configurations, on the other hand, fingerspellings are a mixture of continuous hand configurations. Nevertheless, there is a lack of expertise in a specification of standard sign languages. In this paper, we present a framework of intelligent game-based learning using Kinect that aims at training sign language for the hearing-impaired students or deaf students. Game-based learning is not merely a constructive game for students to play but it provides activities to learn that can guide students to achieve an end goal. Besides, the gamebased learning also supports the sign language teachers for sign language improvement to their students. Kinect is a composite device of an IR projector and an IR camera. Kinect delivers three outputs as IR image, RGB image and Depth image. The knowledge engineering method is used to capture knowledge from sign language experts. The idea is to capture an action of sign language, then analyse and give them immediate feedback and suggestion based on knowledge transfer from American Sign Language (ASL) experts. Additionally, the game-based learning is to facilitate positive student experience in order to maximize the impact of educational game. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study includes an expert system design for desertification risk field data collection and monitoring. It describes the structure of used expert system, knowledge base and rule base. Expert system was developed using MEDALUS (Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use) method with Esri's Survey123 for ArcGIS geographic information systems application. In this study, a mobile application has been developed to collect field data and assess desertification risk. With this expert system, many people will be able to collect field data and assess the risk of desertification in the region with only using their cell phones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is about the embedding of expert system into Distributed storage of models software package. Basic Distributed storage of models functions and used in this storage the Models translation tools (Multitranslator) was reviewed including their explanation and structure. Expert system application was proposed to improve functionality of Multitranslator and bring more automation into multi-language models translation process. The structure of expert system and it's interaction with Models translation tools were considered. Also the expert system work within of Distributed storage of models package was explained. To implement the expert system for Distributed storage of models the learning process was used. User-expert filled the knowledge base of expert system mostly but for exceptions we used intelligent editor to complete the learning process. Intelligent editor sends request to user to fulfill knowledge base, which requires only modeling knowledge. Application of expert system behaves as the replacing of expert so it has to solve the same tasks in same consequence. Practically it results in reduction of time costs while translating models and allows avoiding the necessity of constant user-expert support. Overall application of expert system for Distributed storage of models software package with Multitranslator excludes many cases of exceptions during process of multilanguage models translation that allows to automatize this process more. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first option for decreasing the explosion risk is always to avoid the occurrence of an explosive atmosphere. In practice, in most cases in which are used flammable materials it is very difficult to guarantee that an explosive atmosphere is never going to occur. Also, it can be difficult to guarantee that equipment is never going to generate an ignition source. Therefore, when an explosive atmosphere is likely to occur there shall be used explosion-proof equipment which are unlikely to generate an ignition source. From the protection to explosion point of view, technical equipment intended to be used in explosive atmospheres have to be proper selected, installed and operated, this process aiming firstly to improve the occupational health and safety of workers who might be exposed to a potential explosion risk due to explosive atmospheres, the prevention of environmental and goods damages, as well as for the free movement of products within the European Union when these comply with the essential safety requirements. This paper treats aspects on the development of an informatics application which facilitates the optimal selection of technical equipment intended to be used in potentially explosive atmospheres, based on the study and analysis of parameters and factors of interest. This application is a reasoning developed for finding the best and fastest solutions for selecting and installing technical equipment depending on the safety and protection to explosion requirements [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the Speech and Language Pathologists (SPLs) face several difficulties while they provide the daily screening, assessment, monitoring, and rehabilitation services to People with Communication Disorders (PWCD). These problems arise from different grounds such as lack of supporting personnel, the large number of patients that require attention, the weakness of health care structures, and the many activities that must be carried out: report generation, planning of therapy intervention, patients' monitoring, etc. We present a mobile ecosystem with the purpose of helping SLPs during some of the most relevant activities of Speech-Language Therapy (SLT): initial screening on six speech-language areas (linguistic formulation, hearing, expressive language and articulation, receptive language, and oral structure and function), designing therapy plans, and conducting therapy activities. In order to analyze the reliability of our proposal we have conducted some tests with 32 children suffering from disabilities, and the results shown an important reduction in the time required to conduct the initial screening, report generation, and conducting therapy activities for articulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes a new approach of data warehouse minimization by fuzzy-based ETL filter for ETL processes in business intelligence (BI) systems and discusses possibilities to tune up the process. First part introduces common company systems and possible data sources in the company. Second part states the problem with interpreting information in BI systems and explains a data representation in the BI systems. Third part of the paper defines a rule base and input and output values of the expert system. Last part of the paper proposes a two ways to minimize a data - modification border of the fuzzy set and omitting useless combinations of the linguistic variables and modifiers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of essential parts of ERP systems used in middle-sized and big companies is administration of human resources. Due to this system, the company is able to allocate human resources to particular projects and tasks and monitor efficiency and workload of employees. This paper proposes an expert system which is intended to help to select suitable and appropriate human resources to specific tasks and projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with an audit of operating systems. It demonstrates usage of expert systems for determining security level for an operating system component against computer threats. The role of this hierarchical network of expert systems is to process vague input information, which is used by an auditor to enhance the audit process. Another role is assessment of configuration parameters and security settings of an operating system as well as interpretation of the current security level for the operating system component. For demonstration purposes was as the component selected, the user account. By using this form of input and output information is an auditor able to determine the current security level of an operating system using his own language no matter how big expert of this problem domain he is. The real verification, i.e. real audit, was tested on the MS Windows platform with its configuration parameters and security settings. Expert systems were used to eliminate human security auditor during the audit of the operating system and to move this key responsibility either on its administrator or user. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provision of adequate healthcare for the citizens is the responsibility of governments. This involves recruiting qualified medical personnel, and providing quality medical services nationwide. The ratio of medical doctors to patients in Nigeria is 1:6,800, which means the citizens are grossly underserved in terms of medical services. Hence, there is need for new strategies that will ensure that more citizens access healthcare services, particularly people in the rural areas. In this paper, a framework for an SMS-based expert system for rural healthcare delivery is proposed, which takes advantage of the wide coverage of telephony services in the rural areas in Nigeria. A preliminary evaluation of the expert system for pulmonary heart disease that was developed reveals that it emulates human expert capability at a reasonable level. This makes it suitable for deployment on a national scale to cater for the shortage of medical practitioners particularly in the rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ever-increasing demand for quality products and lower costs has manufacturers turning to the new technology of rapid prototyping. The successful implementation of rapid prototyping depends on the appropriate selection of the prototyping system and effective planning. The availability of over twenty different companies with wide ranging capabilities and specifications creates a problem of selecting the right rapid prototyping system for industry as well as academic institutions. The problem is more compounded by the emergence of 3D printers which are smaller than conventional rapid prototyping systems and sell for under $5,000. This paper presents an expert system that helps the user choose a rapid prototyping system such as an SLA machine from 3D Systems and an FDM machine from Stratasys as well as 3D printers such as MakerBot-2 and Printerbot Simple. The program allows the user to choose a particular system based on the inputs of the user to the expert system. The expert system has been developed using rule-based features of the MATLAB, a popular software used mostly for educational purposes. This is the first expert system that helps user select both a traditional rapid prototyping as well as 3D printer systems. The architecture of the expert system is such that it can be easily expanded to take into considerations the emergence of newly developed rapid prototyping machines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reviews the basic requirements which can be used to evaluate a problem domain in order to determine if the development of an expert system is possible, justified and appropriate. The criteria system, developed by David Waterman is used in case of an expert system for early warning (EWES) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reviews the basic requirements which can be used to evaluate a problem domain in order to determine if the development of an expert system is possible, justified and appropriate. The criteria system, developed by David Waterman is used in case of an expert system for early warning (EWES) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For many complex diseases, finding the best patient-specific treatment decision is difficult for physicians due to limited mental capacity. Clinical decision support systems based on Bayesian networks (BN) can provide a probabilistic graphical model integrating all necessary aspects relevant for decision making. Such models are often manually created by clinical experts. The modeling process consists of graphical modeling conducted by collecting of information entities, and probabilistic modeling achieved through defining the relations of information entities to their direct causes. Such expert-based probabilistic modelling with BNs is very time intensive and requires knowledge about the underlying modeling method. We introduce in this paper an intuitive web-based system for helping medical experts generate decision models based on BNs. Using the tool, no special knowledge about the underlying model or BN is necessary. We tested the tool with an example of modeling treatment decisions of Rhinosinusitis and studied its usability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Portugal has recently become one the few European countries to fully acknowledge Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM); this substantial paradigm shift calls for novel tools for TCM practitioners, students and patients alike. This paper describes an Expert System for supporting the TCM consultation process - both in terms of gathering and managing the patients' personal and symptomatic data, and of obtaining accurate diagnoses and treatments under regulated and reviewed protocols. The proposed tool was designed and is being developed with the support of two TCM therapists, which act as experts and provide aid to the processes of building the knowledge base and the automatic diagnosis system. In terms of architecture, the current version of the framework includes a mobile client application for the Android platform, integrated with an online spreadsheet. A survey was conducted in order to assess some of the needs of the community of TCM practitioners, and allowed gathering information on their needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the emergence of new technologies and the wide use of them in the educational environment it's more and more difficult to evaluate the activities of students, especially of those who use e-learning solutions. Sometimes the academic results obtained after the e-learning process are viewed with doubt by persons outside of the system. Classical evaluation of on-line students presents a few inconveniences and presents the possibility of subjective classification of them. In this article we present an expert system that is created over SlapOS, an open source, distributed cloud computing system. This expert system allows the whole examination of students based on the entire curricula that he or she had to study and the extracurricular activities that the student is supposed to complete. Due to this system the evaluation is objective, an issue that is very important in our view. In some conditions is possible to realize the classification of students with objectivity. Because there are considerable conditions to make an objective classification and because the testing environment has to be set up by a human operator to realize a fully objective evaluation of students is very difficult. The expert system presented by us is able to realize a more objective evaluation of student activity during a module or a curriculum or even through an entire qualification process. Also, the system presented by us permits a personalized evaluation of every student, which can be made independently for every each of them, based on the supposed duties and activities of the evaluated student. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this contribution a framework for the computer-aided planning and optimisation of functional graded components is presented. The framework is divided into three modules - the "Component Description", the "Expert System" for the synthetisation of several process chains and the "Modelling and Process Chain Optimisation". The Component Description module enhances a standard computer-aided design (CAD) model by a voxel-based representation of the graded properties. The Expert System synthesises process steps stored in the knowledge base to generate several alternative process chains. Each process chain is capable of producing components according to the enhanced CAD model and usually consists of a sequence of heating-, cooling-, and forming processes. The dependencies between the component and the applied manufacturing processes as well as between the processes themselves need to be considered. The Expert System utilises an ontology for that purpose. The ontology represents all dependencies in a structured way and connects the information of the knowledge base via relations. The third module performs the evaluation of the generated process chains. To accomplish this, the parameters of each process are optimised with respect to the component specification, whereby the result of the best parameterisation is used as representative value. Finally, the process chain which is capable of manufacturing a functionally graded component in an optimal way regarding to the property distributions of the component description is presented by means of a dedicated specification technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expert systems are part of Artificial Intelligence and given the very promising prospects for their application have attracted the interest of specialists. Hydrotechnical construction monitoring is based on the comparison of predicted behavior with actual behavior. By centralization and data base composition with long-time behavior of of the constructions we can bring important improvments even from the project stage of a structure. Expert Systems work faster than human experts, making faster decisions. Expert Systems contain consistent information (structured in the same way) about an environment subject to hazard; they make the distribution of information to more people at different places possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CISTI (Iberian Conference on Information Systems & Technologies / Conferência Ibérica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informação) Proceedings is the property of Conferencia Iberica de Sistemas Tecnologia de Informacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Expert Systems (ES) are a part of applied artificial intelligence. The idea of an ES is to convert knowledge from human expertise to a computerized system. An ES supports the decision making in many domains such as Zakat. Zakat is the amount of money that every mentally stable adult and every financially able Muslim, male and female, has to pay at the end of the Hijri year in order to support specific categories of needy people. There are different types of Zakat with different rules and calculations. These Zakat types include cash Zakat, silver and gold Zakat, securities Zakat, debt Zakat, cattle Zakat, crops Zakat, and items set for sale Zakat. The objective of this study is to apply expert system technology in the field of Zakat to assist Muslims in the decision making of identifying the rules of making Zakat and to assist in complex calculations. The development of an expert system can be beneficial in well established theory domains such as Zakat. The system will increase awareness of Zakat obligation among Muslims. Thus, the objective of the Zakat ES is to specifically help people calculate the amount of each type of Zakat they have to pay every year., the system helps users to: (1) determine if they are required to give Zakat, (2) determine the unique conditions, and the amount of each type of Zakat they have to pay every year. The system was developed based on a rules-based expert system shell. To develop such a system, information that is attained from a human expert is represented in the form of rules, such as IF-THEN. Then the rules are used to perform operations that lead into achieving certain goals. This knowledge was acquired through several interviews with two human domain expert academics at a local university who specialize in the Zakat field. The knowledge acquisition process also benefited from well-established books in the Zakat area. After developing the Zakat ES, the system was evaluated by the domain experts and potential users. After reviewing the Zakat expert system, the majority of the 20 potential users also indicated that the system saves time and effort in searching for information related to Zakat's rules. Users also indicated that it is very useful for calculating Zakat quickly and accurately, and is very beneficial, convenient, and easy to use for people who have no knowledge about Zakat. Other strengths of the system are that it is more convenient than going to human experts and provides a variety of Zakat types. Researchers indicated the need for the development of expert system applications in finance and accounting. This developed Zakat expert system illustrated the use of a free-ware expert system shell to benefit non-profit donation organizations and/or individuals in calculating Zakat amounts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology, such as expert system, has driven all knowledge-seeking activities. This research paper represents the development of the Learning Disabilities Preliminary Diagnosis expert system. According to the literature, by the beginning of the twenty-first century, the total number of children who were recognized as having a particular disability that hampers their learning increased by an astonishing 80 percent. The system focuses on developmental and academic learning disabilities, and provides initial guidance as well as pre-diagnoses. By using several data collection methods, knowledge about this system was elicited from domain experts, a professor, and senior diploma students of learning disabilities in the psychology field. Through the system analysis process, rules and decision tables were constructed for developmental disabilities along with academic learning disabilities. Eventually, the system was tested and evaluated by the previously interviewed domain experts and potential users. Results indicate that there is a great potential for the developed learning Disability Expert System. In addition, the domain experts also provided some feedback and suggestions to improve the system's performance in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is focused on finding a solution based on an expert system designed to ease the dentist's treatment decision by evaluating the patient's anxiety and stress status. To identify the requirements and functionalities of this system there was performed an extensive research based on psychological questionnaires and the use of a powerful device made to determine body energy and stress variables. The experimental results were summarized and conclusions related to the proposed solution were discussed. Then we presented the software specially designed to establish the opportunity of clinical intervention considering the patient's stress and anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global automotive arena has overshadowed by intense competition because customers nowadays being more selective about their preference towards car selection. In a different dimension, car's interior design promised maximum satisfaction for customers. For long distance drivers, comfort feeling influence by many factors, which one of them contributes by interacting with in-car environment. This paper primarily concentrated into the human comfort study which studying the driver in-car activity such as handling the steering, monitoring the driving and using the in-system. Ultimately, this paper proposed a knowledge based system framework of interaction of driver with in-car system. The current problem face by driver relates to car interior compartment (car seat, navigation system, signaling panel, instrument panel, gear knob, pedaling system, and mirror) can be understand and recommended for improvement. Also, this study helps to measure the satisfaction of drivers while cooperate with incar system. In order to measure in-car driver interaction, an intelligent system introduces a knowledge base system which using hybrid technique called neuro-fuzzy techniques. The neural network involve with developing the system in multi layer concept and the fuzzy basically using IF-THEN rule. This research explores the humanmachine interaction through a driver knowledge based system. The conceptual framework contributes on optimize the design process, decision making and analysis in assisting automotive productivity and quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reviews the basic principles of the Bayesian inference engine in expert systems. Pointed out are some of the shortcomings of the mechanism, regarding the quality of the used expert knowledge. Proposed is a based on interval computations modification of the Bayesian engine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new models for sitting a new facility in a competitive environment are revised. Both the location and the quality of the new facility are to be found, so as to maximize the profit obtained by the locating firm. The patronizing behavior of customers is assumed to be probabilistic, i.e., they split their demand among all the existing facilities in the area, proportionally to the attraction they feel for them. Contrarily to what is commonly done in literature, the demand is not fixed, but varies depending on the location of the facilities. The first model assumes a static scenario, whereas in the second one a competing chain reacts by location a single new facility too, leading to a Stackelberg (or leader-follower) problem. The new continuous location models lead to hard-to-solve global optimization problems. A new evolutionary algorithm called UEGO was used to deal with those problems. The computational results showed its usefulness and robustness. Parallel implementations of UEGO were also presented to cope with large instances. Future trends which will allow the construction of an expert system for facility location are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In past few years, the process of lifelong learning has become more important. A tour of an educational exposition is an interesting and attractive activity for a person undergoing education. A museum, art gallery, zoological or botanical garden or even a technological park, all these can be perceived as an educational exhibition. When we desire to tour such an exposition in the most educationally beneficial way, we can ask a guide to prepare a tailored tour according to our needs, such as depth of our interests, purpose for our tour or other provided information. There are various approaches and models for creating a tailored tour of a museum exposition. The simplest is to take advantage of a guide's services. Such a guide can even be a virtual one and can lead us through the exposition with the help of ICT equipment. This paper describes a model of such a virtual guide. Based on an initial analysis of a visitor, the virtual guide proposes a tour through the exposition so that it brings the visitor the maximal educational benefit while at the same time offers information about the displayed exhibits in such a way that is most interesting and comprehensible. The whole system consists of three modules: Visitor Module - an expert system to diagnose the visitor; Exhibit Module - a database of exhibits; Guide Module - an expert system that creates the tour, chooses and offers information about exhibits (and/or about the whole exhibition) to an individual visitor. The aim of the virtual guide is to work in the environment of the actual physical exposition. At first though, it is better to test the whole system in the environment of an online virtual museum. The testing concerns not only the functionality of the system but also the educational contribution of such a guide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A model of adaptive e-learning system which is in the focus of this paper is created for significant optimisation of language learning with the primary focus on the English language, which is based on using Learning management systems (LMS). In comparison with traditional "static"/"rigid" models of e-courses, which actually offer a uniform content to all students, the proposed model offers its users/students adaptation in the area of their knowledge level and learning style (their combination respectively). In addition, the model is supported by automated decision-making processes, which are the most significant tool for optimising language learning. Automation of such decision-making processes is required in several areas where the decision-making processes are entered by input information in order to be appropriately processed to obtain desired outputs for ideal progress in further steps of student's learning process. Such input information provided by the student carries a certain extent of uncertainty, thus it is necessary to base the decision-making processes on IF-THEN rules supported by a fuzzy-modelling tool. Adaptation and automated progress are achieved by dividing the progress into four basic processes - (M1) acquisition, completion and evaluation of the input information about the student; (M2) definition of language learning objectives and admissible solutions for their achieving; (M3) modelling the progress of individual proposed solutions; (M4) approving one of the proposed solution as the best variant to achieve the learning objectives. Each individual process is dealt with by the expert system individually, when the system evaluates the input information of the given process using a knowledge base, which is individually created for every step. The knowledge bases are defined by an expert/tutor. Process (M1) contains two basic subprocesses dealing with acquiring information about the student: their learning style based on a questionnaire inquiry and their language level based on a didactic test. Correct setting of the expert system in process (M1) enables the system to proceed to processes (M2), M3 and (M4). Information evaluated by process (M1) enters process (M2). This process is a step when the system, based on the defined objectives of the language learning, selects suitable learning objects which will be presented to the student in further steps. Such objects must be appropriately matched with the given learning styles and purposefully lead to the defined objectives. Process (M3) then models the proposed objects into a sequence in which they will be presented, their time requirements as well as evaluation of the overall study progress both from the point of view of didactics and time. The two processes are very closely related and their successful evaluation by the system leads to student's successful passing the course, which is represented by step (M4). Therefore, the adaptive system for decision-making support will enable automated creation of study variants which are suited to each individual student's needs, which current learning management systems do not enable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An Expert System Shell is an interface for strengthening, refining and maintaining the knowledgebase of an Expert System by directly interacting with it. The expert system shell is a complete development environment for developing and maintaining Knowledge-Based Applications and Expert Systems. It provides a step-by-step methodology for a knowledge engineer that allows the domain experts themselves to be directly involved in structuring and encoding the knowledge through an expert interface. Agriculture being a multidisciplinary science there is a scope of developing multiple expert systems for various crops, disease, insects, irrigation scheduling, fertilizer management and various other issues needed for a sustainable agriculture. There has been no such system or software that supports information management in this area. Developing such a platform for developing multidisciplinary and multi crop expert systems is a new approach that can provide computational convenience to replicate it for multiple crops. The shell described in this paper deals with the development procedure of multi crop expert system using the same inference engine used for "Expert System on Wheat Crop Management" developed by Division of Computer Applications, IASRI, New Delhi. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Increasing penetration level of distributed generation sources in the power distribution system causes number of operational and control issues. Coordinated operation and control with the help of effective communication protocol forms the concept of smart grid and micro grid. When injection of distributed generation sources are more than 20–30 percentage of total system capacity cause the mal-operation of existing overcurrent protection coordination. In this paper an expert based adaptive overcurrent protection coordination approach is presented with restores the overcurrent relay coordination as per the changing fault current contribution from the distributed generation sources. Micro-grid model is simulated in MATLAB and relay setting are optimised with the help of robust and fast covariance mean evolution strategy based optimization algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this study, an application of fuzzy expert system was introduced. This system was designed to determine the level of iron deficiency anemia and thus, expert physicians were provided with a system to assist them to determine an exact diagnosis prior to their treatment. While realizing the system design, the laboratory records obtained from real patients were examined, the appropriate parameters were specified, the input and output parameters were fuzzified and finally the rule base was built with the expert physician. This study used the centroid defuzzification method together with the Mamdani inference mechanism which is often used in the related literature. With the help of a visual programming language, the level of the disease was displayed in a perceptible way as the result of running the system. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]