Search

A photovoltaic system (PVS) and a wind power system (WPS) are two attractive renewable energy systems for addressing the rising demand of energy in the world and reduction of poisonous emissions of GHG produced by fossil fuel energy generation plants that are hazardous to the environment. Kano state of Nigeria has both wind and solar energy potentials for electricity generation, but installation of the same particular size of PVS and PVS in terms of their power rating in the location, one could not Know which among the two systems could make the environment safer in terms of carbon pollution. This is what this study is all about; it is a comparative study of life cycle carbon emission from PVS and WPS in kano state of Nigeria. In the study, each system has 5kW power generation rating for the emissions estimate. The LCCE of a PVS is determined and compared with that of a WPS. The LCCE of the PVS is 8725 kg CO2 and is greater than that of the WPS (8006 kg CO2). Thus, WPS has lower LCCE in Kano by 8.24 % than using PVS with the same power rating considered in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most demanding aspect of the modern generation is energy production from a sustainable renewable source. The huge amount of sun's irradiation plays a significant role in delivering heat energy as a renewable energy source. Photovoltaic solar panels are the devices that can capture this vast source of the limitless photon ocean. However, these devices suffer from performance efficiency issues due to overheating. Finned structures are applied on electronics, and engines for better heat dissipation and to avoid overheating. This study proposes a solar panel model integrated with pin-finned structures shaped rectangular, square, and circular. After attaching the fins at the back of the photovoltaic module steady state and transient state thermal simulation has been carried out in ANSYS Mechanical. These analyses revealed that the heat flux through the solar panel significantly decreases in the finned solar panel structures. In the case of circular pin fins 58%, square pins 26%, and rectangular pin fins 55% heat flux reduction from the base solar panel model where the highest heat flux value consists of 270 kW/m2. At the same time, the base solar PVC temperature was reduced from 132° to 67° (rectangular pin-fin), 60° (square pin-fin), and 58° (circular pin-fin). This indicates that the cooler solar panel will consume more photons and consequently more electron knockout. Consequently, both the heat transfer and electricity generation rates of the photovoltaic device will increase. This research holds significant implications for the cost-effective optimized colling method of solar panels especially in Bangladesh. It offers insights into the heat transfer of the solar panel with different fin designs. This study also reduces thermal instability and increases the electricity-generating capability of the solar panel. Furthermore, it delves into improving solar panel performance presenting a promising avenue for sustainable energy production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, 14 sites in Baghdad city were prepared to study the electric power generation emission black carbon exhaust to determine the metallic elements leaking into the outdoor air. Two techniques were used to make the measurements. Samples of black Carbon were collected by means of a smear test filter, then examined with an atomic absorption spectrometer in order to measuring the concentration of metallic elements. The radioactivity doses emitters were also assessed the samples using the radiation measurement system. The results show that the concentration of metals studied are (0.057-0.081) ppm for Mg, (0.1-0.6) ppm for Si, (2.1-3.4) ppm for Ca and (1.0-1.83) ppm. for Fe metal range is (1.0 - 1.83) ppm and these values is very high related to the average value of 0.00133 ppm reported at Health Effects Notebook for Hazardous Air Pollutants (EPA). (As) range is (0.1 - 0.8) ppm, this value is very high related to the limit value of 1.6 x 10-6 ppm reported by EPA. (Pb) range is (8.2 - 9.81) ppm, this value is very high related to the limit value of 41.6 x 10-6 ppm reported by EPA. As well as. The results of radiation show that the alpha emitters are less than the value of the detection limit of the measurement system utilized in this work. While, the beta and gamma dose emitters in the range of background radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Offshore wind is recognized as a major components for the electricity generation in the future, it is a green energy resource that will be increasing as a competitive measure as compared to traditional power generation technologies in the European markets. In India as the demand for the electricity growing, offshore wind energy will have a great potential to achieve the targets set up by the EU. The pathways for reaching 500 MW to 5 GW in Gujarat and Tamil Nadu will be achieved by a better action plan in the upcoming years. As the installation cost are so high so a prefeasibility report and a detailed climatic analysis based on wind is the essential part of the project. The conclusion is that the maximum energy producing wind speed, rather than more frequent wind speed has a greater influence on wind potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this case, the conversion of thermoelectric energy into electrical current is accomplished using Peltier cells. Thermoelectricity generators (TEGs) or See beck generators are solid-state devices that directly transform thermal differences (heat flow) into energy. This apparatus is responsible for the Seebeck effect. Power generation is one global item that will be contending in the next year. We are wasting a lot of energy here by creating and changing one type of energy into another, just as many garbage firms do when they emit heat into the air. With the aid of a Seebeck device, which records the changing temperatures on one side, we want to use heat to power a thermoelectric generator, which will then power a Peltier cell. This article examines thermoelectricity generators in detail, covering their components, uses, quality improvement, substrate types, and applications. It begins with a solid introduction to the principles of operation, covering topics such as the Seebeck effect, Peltier effect, Thomson effect, and Joule heating. Included as well are some sample performance simulations run with COSMOL and ANSYS-Computational Fluid Flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of the use of renewable energy sources (RES) in the modern world energy economy is considered, comparative statistical data on the share of various energy sources in electricity generation are presented. The factors that contributed to the development of the wind power industry in the countries with the largest share of the use of wind turbines in the world are analyzed, and different types of generators for wind turbines are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dual wind turbines are much more important for electricity generation than single-rotor wind turbines. The objective of this project was to generate electricity with wind speeds of 1 m/s and higher. The wind speed and direction were taken from Zurbatiya station in Wasit Governorate to achieve this. The wind turbine that was manufactured and the study of the effect of the direction of rotation is operated in the same direction and in opposite directions, and the use of the tilt angle for its base to raise the front and rear blades, and finally the effect of the spacing between the group of front and rear blades, so we will need to control the work of these components through adaptive control technology. Passive magnetic bearing supports has been employed to reduce the mechanical vibrations and friction of the system. To achieve the best control, the programming language is Visual Studio 2015. Within the application, the Genetic Algorithm (GA(was used to determine the maximum power generated. This was done to determine the ideal position for blades rotating at different speeds in order to generate power using a permanent magnet synchronous generator, a device that generates synchronous magnetic fields (400 watts(. Some results of this work, obtained the maximum power when rotating in the same direction and the best tilt angle used for the moving wing of about (12°). Rotation speed at151 rpm, the most output power in a dual wind turbine (DWT(was achieved when the rear and front blades rotated in the same direction. In order to generate 103.614 W of power, a separation of 7 cm is preferable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For researchers working for electric utilities, using renewable energy sources to lessen the impact of various uncertainties on electric power networks is a hot topic. The usage of Photovoltaic (PV) systems for electricity generation would become widely accessible in the future due to a number of anticipated cost savings. Enhancing Power Quality (PQ) becomes imperative for utility-grid connected systems. In this study, the Cascaded H-bridge (CHB) architecture, which is based on solar photovoltaic (SPV) as a DC (Direct Current) source, is used to examine the performance of a grid-connected system. Simulink/MATLAB software is used for the imitation model. Imitation models are carried out for SPV connected to CHB multilevel inverter (MLI) system. The paper analyzes various parameters including solar, grid and MLI output such voltage, current and power. In this study, a comparison of 7-level, 9-level and 11-level CHB MLI is presented. Different results are analyzed and based on a comparative analysis; the imitation model results are shown to be accurate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major aim of this study is to compare the power generation of river soil and mud soil using sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFC). Soil samples collected from river (N=60) and mud (N=60) were used to construct the SMFC and were operated for 20 hours (G power 80%). Multimeter was used to measure voltage, and current and power density was calculated for both the groups. The power generation was higher in river soil (63.8 mW/m2) as compared to mud soil (48.01 mW/m2). Independent sample T-Test showed that river soil power generation (P=0.004) was significantly higher compared with the mud soil. The study shows that higher power generation is possible with river soil compared to mud soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The harvesting of unused energy from roadway pavement has attracted attention due to the potential for sustainable heat during solar radiation exposure. In this study, the temperature difference between pavement surface and soil was utilized to generate electricity using thermoelectric generator (TEGs) technology. The electricity generation system consisting of a heat collector, thermoelectric generator, heat conductor, and cooling section (heatsink with cooler) was developed and fabricated. The performance of TEG system was experimented on for two different collectors (asphalt and concrete) in four days of experiments. The results show that asphalt and concrete pavement harvesting system prototypes could generate sufficient energy to run low-powered sensors used for data communications in transportation infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Until now, the price of non-solid fuels (oil and gas) has increased, there is a big opportunity for a shift towards the use of biomass fuels. Besides its unlimited availability, biomass is also a well-known fuel. For its use, of course, a device called a stove or stove is needed, which has been designed for biomass fuel. Even though Riau Province has an electrification ratio of 92.43%, out of 12 districts and cities in Riau, there are three more districts that have a low electrification ratio, namely Pelalawan Regency, an area with an electrification ratio of 52.75%, Indragiri Hilir (Inhil) was 69.01% and Rokan Hulu (Rohul) was 64.91%. In this research, the TEG module is used as a source of electricity generation. The working system of the TEG module is to convert heat energy or, more precisely, the difference in temperature directly into electrical energy. This research as a whole consists of the design stage, the development stage, the testing phase and the evaluation stage. The design stage aims to design a stove, the development stage aims at the stove production process, the testing stage aims to retrieve research data and the evaluation stage aims to analyze the results of the study. The results obtained from this study are the design and dimensions of the updraft type semi gasification biomass stove with a reactor diameter of 20 cm, a height of 30 cm, and the dimensions of the primary hole 12 cm x 9 cm and the secondary hole 0.1 cm of 54 holes arranged 18 holes horizontally. and 3 holes vertically. The rate of fuel demand is 3.27 kg / hour and the highest voltage output is 9.24 volts in the 55th minute with a temperature difference (ΔT) of 36.5 °C, while the highest current is 0.343 amperes in the 20th minute with a difference in temperature (ΔT) 28.75 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The generation of waste has increased throughout the years of growing industrialization and urbanization. Despite the fact that there are facilities and services that provide treatment, a significant amount of cost must be spent to ensure that the waste is disposed of or treated. This lead to increase the use of Plasma Pyrolysis, Incineration, Anaerobic Digestion, and Gasification to treat the waste while generate energy from the treatment. In order to create a sustainable environment, it is recommended to utilize the waste heat from these processes. In plasma pyrolysis process, there is no additional fuel will be used in treating the waste. The waste heat from plasma pyrolysis will be used to generate power in an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) process. However, there is no emerging study has been done on how to generate the electricity from the Plasma Pyrolysis process. The electricity generation from the Plasma Pyrolysis waste heat will be conducted by utilizing the ASPEN HYSYS V10.0 software. Iso-butane and R134a have been determined to have the highest energy efficiency, with highest output powers in between those of other working fluid systems. At a source temperature of 800℃ and pressure 1atm, iso-butane and R134a are observed to have 13.01% and 16.12% energy efficiency, respectively. The R134a and iso-butane fluid gives a better performance in terms of thermal efficiency relative to the other fluids with the maximum power output 2.6190 kW and 2.9320 kW, respectively. This study indicated that the selection of working fluids and the tuning of the operating parameters had a significant potential to improve the performance of the power output of ORC system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human activities today are very dependent on the use of electricity ranging from simple activities to large activities. It has an impact on increasing electricity demand. At PLT EBT Baron Technopark Yogyakarta, electricity needs are generated by themselves. However, PLT EBT itself has a fluctuating level of electricity production depending on the natural phenomena around it. Therefore, it is necessary to plan for the supply of electricity to balance the electrical power generated, prevent blackouts, and better energy sources management to deal with fluctuating electrical energy production. One way to balance electric power with power demand in conditions of fluctuating electricity production is to perform accurate load forecasting in the future. This study uses the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method using data on the electricity load of PLT EBT Baron Technopark Yogyakarta from October to November 2021. In the training process, the best network model was obtained with input_width = 48, Train_size = 0.8, and build model = 64, 32, 32 where the MSE value is 0.001 and MAPE is 8.03%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to use the heat energy generated during braking; TSs work from thermal energy converted into electrical energy. A thermoelectric generator consisting of semiconductor generator modules is used to master the concept of electricity generation. In a semiconductor thermoelectric power module, thermal energy is converted into electrical energy and stored in a battery. A thermoelectric open-circuit (OC) output voltage (OV) is designed to serve as a bridge between the thermoelectric generator and the temperature measuring sensor. The BD's thermal conductivity (ThC) and TEG output power and efficiency are also discussed. The general expressions of power and ability of the generator under internally and externally irreversible model are derived. The results showed that, power output to the TS and efficiency of the TEG increased with the disc thermal conductance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LNG has the potential to become an energy supply across the Indonesian archipelago and has been planned to supply power plants in remote islands. Techno-economic analysis of integrated small-scale gas turbine power plant and LNG regasification unit has been conducted to increase power plant efficiency and reduce electricity generation costs. The analysis begins with creating a process simulation of the system that is validated to represent actual gas turbine performance using Aspen Hysys process simulator. Then several integrations are introduced: combined cycle steam generation as secondary power generation, cold energy utilization from LNG regasification to chill intake air compressor of gas turbine, and fuel gas reheating by a small portion of the generated steam. The simulation result provides good accuracy and enables the integration of the processes. The combined integration provides higher advantages, providing extra power output up to 49.4% as well as increasing efficiency up to 44.6% and lowering as much as 30.9% specific CO2 emission than simple cycle gas turbine. Based on LCOE analysis, combined integration provides an h20.89% lower cost of electricity production than a gas turbine simple cycle around 14.56 cent/kWh at an 80% capacity factor. The combined integration of gas turbine power plant always delivers LCOE lower than gas turbine simple cycle in any capacity factors which are 21.64% lower for high-capacity factors and at least 7.96% lower for low-capacity factors. This is considered more economically viable than a diesel-fueled power plant. The more efficient an integrated power plant, the better the LNG regasification system to improve performance and further reduce generation costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the matter of clean energy, wind power is considered one of the most reliable and sustainable alternatives. Thanks to the progressed technology and diminishing expenses, its adoption has multiplied in the latest years. However, before the wind can become the most viable form of alternative energy, there are specific barriers we need to overcome. Conventional turbines have been known for their complex manufacture, expensive transportation, intermittence, and high maintenance cost. The vortex bladeless wind turbine (VBWT) is considered an advanced design that harvests energy from oscillation. This study focuses on optimizing VBWT design parameters using the Taguchi method to enhance electrical power production. Through meticulous analysis and mathematical modelling, we examine factors such as mast and rod lengths, diameters, and thicknesses. Numerical results show that the produced power of the 20 meters long turbine is around three times greater in comparison to the initial VBWT output. The increase rate is 176% at a wind speed of 7 m/s. The power produced by the optimal turbine reached 3.44 KW, while the production of the initial VBWT was only 1.25 KW. The output power can be further maximized at an optimum external load. In the future, this study will be continued to enhance the overall performance of the bladeless wind turbine through the integration of the offshore wind turbine with tidal power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During its operations, NPP will release only a small amount of radionuclides in the form of gaseus and liquid effluents due to its high safety standard. Although reports say that the average effective dose to the public due to this release is within the regulatory safety limits, public concerns on health effects resulting from its realease is inevitable. Most common calculations of the cost of electricity have not directly included the health impact component, in other words the cost is external or bear by other party which is the public. Public demanded that the health impact cost be bear by the producer of electricity that is to make this cost internalised by the company. This study aims to determine the external cost of the first candidate of Indonesian 100 MWe NPP in West Kalimantan using the Simplified Approach for Estimating Impacts of Electricity Generation (SIMPACTS) software. We limit our analysis on the health impact of the releases from airbourne pathway through inhalation and external exposure and neglecting the airbourne pathway through food chain that ends up in ingestion. Likewise, we also neglect completely the health impact of the release from waterbourne pathway. The result shows that the health impact cost for a 100 MWe NPP within the study area is 72.16 USD/year or 8.838×10−6 cents/kWh and does not have significant impact on the cost of electricity. It also shows fatal cancer 0.005 cases/year, non-fatal cancer 0.016 cases/year and specific hereditary effects 0.00025 cases/year, which means that the incidence cases for the health impact of 100 MW NPP in one year can be said to be non-existent. The determination of the impact cost value needs to be discussed by related parties, including the health authorities so that the amount of responsibility can be accepted by all parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hill state of Uttarakhand located in north India where 70% area falls in hilly regions and 30% area under plain region. Being a hill state, several challenges are faced by peoples in their daily life. The water body and resources in this state is high however 15% of total hydro potential is derived in Electricity Generation. Being a capital of state, the Dehradun city has selected as Smart City in year 2018 by the Government of India. The need of electricity recorded to cater the demand is 55 MU wherein 85% is taken from State and Centre Generation Stations of Uttarakhand and remaining 15% electricity is taken from Energy Exchange, Energy Banking or Short-Term Power Purchase Agreements. In this study, the ten-year electricity load required for charging the electric vehicle is calculated using Artificial Neural Network tool. The scaled conjugate method is used in this research to calculate the required load demand in future. The developed model is trained, validated and tested on the input data and future load is predicted. The results showing the extra load provisions to be arranged for electric vehicle charging in domestic and commercial places which including capacity upgradation of transmission network and transformers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrical energy is a vital resource and most commonly used type of energy in the world. It is an responsible for development of country's economy and it became a basic need for human life. To meet the growing demand many new developments and technologies in power generation plants are being installed, even then a space between demand and supply is continuously increasing due to depletion in conventional fuels and natural resources. Most of energy in today's world generated through conventional energy sources. Conventional energy sources are polluting and are responsible for global warming. Due to diminishing of conventional energy sources, many new methods of renewable electric power generation are evolving. to provide clean, environment friendly and sustainable energy, a novel methodology for electrical power generation is proposed by introduction of reciproscillator. This machine helps in conversion of oscillating motion of pendulums into rotational motion by intervention of reciprocating force. The couple of forces (restoring forces) drive the wheel providing constant angular speed. the obtained constant mechanical power serves as input to electrical generator. This paper describes the simulated characteristics of reciproscillator alone and combination of both reciproscillator and generator for power generation. Generation control during the dynamically varying electrical loads is described. Mathematical modeling and theoretical analysis of system are performed in order to prove the concept as usable form of energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transmission of electricity has got equal importance as the generation of electricity. The electricity has to be transferred over tens and hundreds of kilometers through forests, mountains and many, using transmission lines. Thus, transmission lines may be affected in many forms like sagging of transmission lines, breaks in transmission lines, rusting issues based on the metal used for transmission lines. In this paper we are concentrating on the breaks in transmission lines. The transmission line breaks will occur when there is any sudden change in the current or voltage rating. We are using a Raspberry-pi 3B, which controls the power in transmission lines when the current or voltage ratings are not in the threshold values pre-determined. These obtained ratings are auto-updated to the ThingSpeak, through which we can analyze the issues in the electricity transmission. If the ratings obtained are not in the threshold level the Raspberry-pi will turn off the power transmission from that transformer, under which the line has got change in threshold value. And also alerts the power control board by sending a message that mentions the transformer number, as given by power control board and the type of fault occurred. Thus, this project will help the employees of power control board in manually checking the faults occurring and also the important thing, time. This project has to be installed at each transformer, giving each system a unique number and login details. Thus, these details can be analyzed at branch level, assuming a tree. And all these transformers can be analyzed at sub-stations, as stem of the tree and generation station as the trunk of the tree. Thus, complete transmission of electricity can be analyzed from generation station to the household connections clearly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of solar photovoltaic panel for generating power to contribute the power demand is presented in this paper. The system is installed at the rooftop of Islamic Senior High School Daarul Echsan Muhammadiyah Sragen (Madrasah Aliyah Muhammadiyah DIMSA). The purpose of this project is beside to contribute the power demand of the school, is also to be the learning tool for the students to understand how the power may be generated using the extensively available resources for free. The power so far used in the school is from the government electric utility company. The installed capacity is 23 kVA three-phase system. The photovoltaic panels placed on the roof is 8 x 545 Wp. The output of the panels is connected to 15 kW inverter and the output of the inverter is synchronized with the electricity grid. The produced energy is expected to contribute the electricity demand of the school. A number of measurements have been carried out relating the input parameter and the output voltage of the panels. This relation is essential for detail planning of development and operation of the generating system. The developed system is expected to sustainably operate for years therefore becoming a role model of fulfillment of energy demand in such way that is economical and environmentally friendly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research was to reduce the risks associated with the maintenance operations of high-voltage transmission lines, which covers Preventive maintenance (PM), Corrective maintenance (CM), and enhancement of transmission system equipment (Improvement maintenance; IM). Considering that the task involves numerous steps and requires teamwork of approximately 8-12 individuals per operation, any errors in execution could result in injuries, fatalities, or repercussions on the electricity supply, potentially causing widespread power outages. The study was conducted with an emphasis on risk management and Job Safety Analysis (JSA) based on the PEME (PeopleEquipment-Material-Environment) principle. Then, tasks with medium to high-level risks were further assessed using the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) to identify preventive measures or risk control methods, ensuring that the risks were either prevented or kept within the organization's acceptable range. The results from this research provided insights into risk management practices for high-risk tasks based on risk assessments, facilitating the reduction of losses in human resources, assets, and the electricity production process. This, in turn, reduces the chance of missed opportunities in power distribution within the operational unit. It was also found that a work with a high severity value has a small chance of being conceived. Risk can be decreased to an acceptable level for 19 jobs within the organization. In this regard, there are 7 new procedure manuals and improved operating procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a model for super-rapid charging stations powered by renewable energy sources and conducts an analysis of land suitability based on climatic parameters. Initially, data on temperature, solar radiation, and specific humidity were collected for three designated areas, followed by an examination of the variations in these values. Among the three cities, Cernavoda, Medgidia, and Ovidiu, two equal segments of approximately 30 kilometers each were established for the installation of photovoltaic panel systems on both sides of navigable canals. With each segment measuring 30 kilometers in length, a linear area of 60 kilometers was covered on both sides, resulting in approximately 767 photovoltaic panels per kilometer and an installed power of 514 kW per kilometer. The total installed power for the entire 60 kilometers is approximately 30.84 MW, necessitating the division of the network into 1028 kW segments, each with a 1250 kVA transformer with a voltage of 20/0.4 kV. Fifteen transformer substations must be installed on each side of the canal, totaling 30 substations for the entire stretch. The energy produced by this system is utilized for three electric vehicle charging stations, positioned every 15 kilometers on each side of the canal, resulting in six charging stations per segment. Excess energy is injected into the national electrical grid (SEN) via 20/110 kV substations. To achieve optimal efficiency, a 2x25 MVA substation is supplied by 15 transformer substations, one for each side of the canal. The electric vehicle charging stations are of the super-rapid type, with a capacity of 2x175 kW. Initially, these stations exclusively rely on photovoltaic panels for approximately six hours each day, but energy storage batteries can be installed to ensure continuous operation, even during the evening hours. Comparing the analysis of the two segments, it is observed that there are slight differences. In the second segment, closer to the Black Sea with higher specific humidity, there is a slightly higher annual energy production of 390 kWh compared to the first segment, despite similar solar radiation values. Notably, this analysis reveals that specific humidity as a climatic parameter does not significantly influence the efficiency of photovoltaic panels compared to the other two parameters. Through this project, the aim is to reduce pollutant emissions from vehicles on public roads while simultaneously decreasing carbon emissions by replacing conventional electricity generation plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper proposes a security-constrained electricity generation storage and transmission expansion planning (SC-GSTEP) approach to effectively address current challenges faced by power systems due to increasing electricity demand and the integration of renewable energy resources. SC-GSTEP approach is used to formulate reserve requirements for generation units, which include the incorporation of fast frequency response resources. These requirements consider various technical characteristics such as synchronous units, availability of renewable energy resources, DC power flows, and transmission constraints while adhering to statutory limits for the rate of change of frequency, frequency nadir, and quasi-steady-state frequency. The SC-GSTEP approach incorporates multi-speed frequency response services, enabling an accurate representation of the electricity systems frequency behavior following contingency events. It optimizes the allocation, sizing, and distribution of frequency response resources with a specific focus on batteries, particularly in power systems characterized by lower inertia. The effectiveness of the proposed SC-GSTEP approach is evaluated through comprehensive simulations conducted on the 6-bus and 24-bus IEEE networks considering varying levels of renewable energy penetration. Obtained numerical results demonstrate significant improvements in both the operation and security of the power system. By identifying the best investment options while considering security, reliability, and cost minimization, the SC-GSTEP approach facilitates the transition towards a loweremission power system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy sources for power generation have gained popularity in recent years due to various advantages, including reduced greenhouse gas emissions and an inexhaustible supply. Geothermal energy is one of the most effective renewable energy sources for power generation due to its independent availability from weather conditions. Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is a major type of binary cycle, that generates power from low or medium temperature heat sources. The advantage of this technology is the generation of electricity from low enthalpy geothermal energy using ORC. There are several variables that influence the power generation and the efficiency of geothermal-based ORCs. ORC is unconventional yet promising small-scale technique for converting thermal energy at low and medium temperatures into electrical and/or mechanical energy. This paper studies the binary cycle technology for power production using low temperature geothermal resource of 92 °C for different working fluids. Two process parameters are taken into consideration namely geothermal temperature and geothermal flow rate to determine power plant output. The results show that pentane and R245fa are the best organic fluids from power production point of view when considering the geofluid temperature and mass flow rate, respectively. Finally, when considering the optimum performance of an ORC system, working fluid should be considered rigidly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cantilevered beam with piezoelectric layers is known for its mechanical vibration-to-electricity conversion. This process is known as the direct piezoelectric effect, where electricity generation is under applied mechanical stress. To investigate a physical and intuitive explanation for the power characteristics of a strongly electromechanical coupled field, understanding the coupling process of the force and electric field in the cantilevered beam is of paramount importance. This paper presents the characterisation of the electric power output of the piezoelectric cantilevered beam. For that purpose, the modelling and simulation of piezoelectric cantilevers beam have been performed using the finite element method. The simulation results show that the deformation of the cantilevered beam influences the frequency attained by the model. The finding of these results may be used as a reference in the development of piezoelectric energy harvesters devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Usage of renewable energy plays a vital role in current era of depleting natural energy sources. Solar energy is abundantly available natural source of energy in which solar photovoltaic (PV) and solar heating system are gaining more importance in present decades. Considering solar PV systems, dust accumulation in the solar panels leads to decrease in the amount of sunlight falling on the solar cells and thereby the reducing efficiency of individual solar panel as well as the entire solar farm drastically. Solar panels must be maintained dust free in order to extract the maximum electricity generation from them. Affordable and efficient cleaning method with very less water usage is preferred in this field, since the area to be cleaned is very large compared to others. An innovative, simple, and cost-effective autonomous solar panel cleaning method is demonstrated in this work to overcome the aftermath of dust accumulation in solar panels. Several crucial design constraints were optimised to achieve the most effective cleaning outline from the proposed model. Trial run in a 2 MW solar farm is done to validate the results of the cleaning system in a real time environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present scenario, the world has a greatest interest in moving from petroleum products to non-conventional energy sources. The non-conventional energy is very popular in these days because it is cost effective solution for providing energy to the rural area where it is difficult to provide electricity. Generation of electricity through non-conventional sources is pollution free, contamination free energy, limit carbon impression and nursery outflows and guarantee energy security. This paper describes the stability study of distribution generation system under varying loading condition. This study work describe that how to maintain stable output of hybrid system by using FACT devices [2]. Firstly the capacity to meet the heap necessities from solar standalone system is dissected after that hydro standalone system is analyzed. Following this the feasibility examination of a hybrid system (solar and hydro) energy sources has been completed [8]. The important objective work of this paper is to investigate, how maximum and stable power is achieve by using latest techniques in hybrid (solar and hydro) system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The absence of electricity prompts you into re-scheduling your whole day and planning on how you can function without the means of simply plugging something in and lack of electricity results in a complete loss of normalcy. Life without electricity in the modern era is an adjustment and although it might not seem like it, there are many alternative sources of energies to choose from and install in your home to take care of our day to day electricity needs. Our Article aims to exploit this renewable source to provide an efficient way of electricity with the economically best energy and based on using rack and pinion mechanism coupled with a float, which when implemented on a large scale can prove to be extremely beneficial to communities lacking proper and provide a means of inexpensive electricity distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Converting from conventional energy production methods to renewable and other green energy worldwide is now holding a strong position in power generation. Escalation of burning fossil fuels has already augmented the greenhouse gasses, mutilated the ozone layer, and deteriorated our descendants' existence in our very own planet [1]. The use of renewable natural resources such as solar energy, wind energy, hydro energy on full scale instead of fossil fuels, coal, and atomic energy will be commendable. Approximately 20% of the total energy consumption worldwide is now from renewable energy [2]. Many of the riverine countries are blessed with spontaneous water flow along with strong streams from rivers throughout the year. The continuous flow of water generates a stream, which can be used for rotating turbines, and will help to produce green energy [3]. Several hydro turbine methods has been implemented so far. Here two types of hydro turbines is going to be implemented together for higher energy production. One of the turbines is a floating axial hydro turbine, which will be implemented on the shallow water surface and, another turbine is a kinetic river turbine, which will be situated on the river bed. The system will use two separate energy, kinetic and potential energy, from the stream as well as the turbine blade, will make this operation viable. Depth of water will play a prominent role for implementation. Maximum electric power production from the system can be obtained by following proper block diagram. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The successful implementation of smart grids depends on energy efficiency, mostly relying on the operation of electricity source infrastructure. The combination of energy sources undoubtedly provides complexity in real applications. Some of the challenges for a smart grids comes from the intermittent renewable energy characteristics such as bioenergy, geothermal, hydropower, solar, ocean power, and wind energy to the base load energy such as natural gas, coal, and nuclear. This paper aims to review the implementation of current advances of smart grids from combined energy mix sources. The review includes major components of smart grids, i.e. power plants, monitoring systems, substations, power transmission and distribution, controllers and smart meters. The review also investigates the state of the art contribution of power electronics, artificial intelligence and Internet of Things to more significant optimization, safety and efficiency in these areas. The results are expected to provide a further gap analysis of applicable technologies and best practices in mixed electricity generation sources. The final result will also consider its application in an archipelago country such as Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy provides great benefit as an alternative energy as it is a type of energy that will never run out. This classification of renewable energy includes wind energy. As Malaysia is a tropical country, most of the people have air-conditioning system in their houses. This leads to higher number of people owning a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system in their building. This paper is focused on the electrical power generation by HVAC system, conducted and tested in a MATLAB Simulink software. The wind turbine system consists of wind turbine, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PSMG), rectifier and lithium battery. The parameters proposed accordingly referring to previous research and datasheets. Results obtained has been observed and collected from the reduction of initial wind speed from 100%, 75% and 50%. Result shows the potential generation voltage based on the speed of the wind from the HVAC system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People are already employing fuel or grid-powered machines for all processes due to advancements in technology as well as productivity expansion. However, an unsustainable spike in fuel prices or the restriction of electricity is supplies into off regions which become a barrier towards this group's growth. Because of absorption of the smoke, ozone environmental impacts from both fuel combustion and electricity generation cause climate change and health problems. Because of an excellent solar exposure trend, a solar panel may be employed as an energy source to reduce the world's load. Speed of any machine is the key feature for running it and take high performance regarding productivity, and it need very efficient processing. The goal of this study is to use a variable frequency drive and a solar panel as an energy source to develop and assess the behavior of a motor speed. Physical demonstration was made via installing Solar panel to generate DC by setting up a 3-phase motor speed with VFD based H-bridge inverter to convert into AC while step up this output with Transformer whereas the faults and fluctuations reduce through many protection components to improve the performance. The anticipated output is calculated via hardware simulation based on the maximum solar panel power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid integration of renewable energy sources significantly complicates operational management and creates strong price fluctuations in the electric power and capacity market. Renewables, especially solar and wind power, are intermittent and have a stochastic nature, exacerbating the problem. This gives rise to the development of applied research in the field of renewable energy forecasting. One of the increasingly popular areas is the use of machine learning methods in forecasting problems in the electric power industry. In this paper, a detailed comparative analysis of two approaches to wind turbine output energy forecasting was carried out. The first one is to produce forecast of wind turbine output energy from wind speed forecast, while the second one is to directly forecast using historical data. Machine learning models were developed through these approaches accordingly and they were assessed using various performance evaluation metrics. The results indicate that forecasting errors of both methods' models have a linear relationship. It suggests the possibility of power forecasting error estimation through wind speed forecasting error. The last five-year weather data of the Krasnodar Territory coastal area were used. Experimental research was conducted on mathematical models of wind turbines that are installed in wind farms in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the main background for the development of renewable energy. The relevance of this topic today is undeniable, many countries are moving towards the development of alternative energy, which allows solving a number of acute global problems. In some countries, renewable energy sources provide about 90% of all electricity generation. The government of the Russian Federation is beginning to change its energy policy. The article considers the indicators for renewable energy at the present time and assesses the prospects for development in the regions of Russia until 2024. The assessment of how the program of support for renewable energy sources for the period from 2025 to 2035 adopted by the Russian government will affect the development of 'green' energy is carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At solar tower systems, open volumetric air receivers are attractive for electricity generation as well as for chemical and other industrial processes. In order to overcome inherent limitations within the previous lines of development, a fundamentally new receiver concept has been developed – the VoCoRec. It is characterized by a conical cavity with hexagonal cross-section, a two-stage air heating and modularity. Several simulations have been performed. For 800 °C hot air temperature, a total receiver efficiency of 88 % has been calculated, which is regarded very promising. A prototype receiver module with approx. 175 kW thermal output has been designed for the first tests in the solar simulator Synlight. The next step will be to manufacture the prototype. The tests in Synlight are scheduled to start in December 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tower solar power generation technology has been proved to be one of the most promising electricity generation alternatives with renewable resources. A reasonable aiming strategy is essential for the efficient operation of tower solar plant. Meanwhile, the real-time calculation of focusing strategy is strictly required for the changing sun angle and possible local cloud occlusion at the front end and the demand of working medium at the back end. However, It is difficult to solve the optimization problem in real time because of the high complexity of calculation. In our work, a supervised learning scheme based on data optimized by genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed. We try to use the idea of image translation to learn the aiming strategy of thousands of mirrors under different conditions. In a case study of a heliostat sector, our deep learning model can give an aiming strategy with an effect close to that of genetic algorithm in a twinkling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A smart grid is made up of a number of intelligent control systems for electricity generation as well as increasing the system's energy efficiency. Smart power converters, as well as clean energies and highly effective tools, are also part of these schemes. Multilevel inverters are current and fundamental components of high-vol electric supply schemes; this paper introduces multi-level converter prototypes that are routinely built from simple constituents and use configurable sub-systems to move b/w constructions of various converter topologies. These prototypes may also perform harmonic breakdown to ensure that the method is accurate, as well as simulated in Matlab/Simulink [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the agro-photovoltaic (agri-photovoltaic) system is expected to penetrate the market due to its advantages in some crops and significant potential installation areas. In principle, the agro-photovoltaic system shares solar energy with PV and agriculture, and its appropriate and controlled distribution is the key for the economy. Accurate and reproducible optimization design is essential. Any PV modules can be used for the agro-photovoltaic system. The best may be the transparent CPV that uses direct sunlight to concentrate onto solar cells and diffused sunlight to illuminate the farming light through a transparent backplane. The diffused sunlight for typical CPV modules is not used for electricity generation, and the transparent CPV is utilized as the secondary light source to crops. The diffused sunlight does not create shadow and improves the inhomogeneity of PPFD (Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density) from the stripe of shadows by PV modules, thus improving the yield. This paper predicts PPFD by the transparent CPV modules and the effectiveness of its use for the agro-photovoltaic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, electric power generation (active and reactive power) is usually transmitted over long distances to consumers. The losses of power in transmission lines are always present due to the impedance of lines. The correction of the power factor (pf) has become a necessity to regulate both the flowing of reactive power and voltage levels of the electric power system. Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) are modern controller instruments, used to improve work performance and reduce losses in the network. In this paper, the use of a shunt static VAR Compensator (SVC) was studied to improve the power flow, which means the improvement of the power factor of the grid lines. A MATLAB model was simulated to calculate the amount of capacitive or inductive reactive power that is required for compensating. Also, the correction has been taken under various loads and different locations of the SVC along the AC line. The obtained results of compensation methods were analyzed and showed a high correction for power factor by a percentage of ninety-eight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new energy generated semi-active suspension system based on Magneto-rheological (MR) damper has been designed with the investigation of its power generation capability. The mathematical model for the suggested energy generated MR damper has developed and a 3D model of energy generated MR damper has developed in EMS, where it is analyzed broadly by finite element method. The objectives of the simulation were to minimize the interaction issue between the damper and energy generator parts and confirm its power generation ability. The induced magnetic flux density, magnetic field intensity, applied current density, temperature gradient of this damper clearly validated this damper's power generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a country of acute power crisis, Bangladesh is now looking forward to developing its renewable energy sources. In this work, we survey the current art of the solar energy technologies being used presently and future utilization in Bangladesh. This paper emphasizes that a reliable, affordable, and secure supply of energy is important for socioeconomic development. Solar energy may help a lot in achieving sufficiency in electricity especially in rural areas. It is known from different sources that only 75% population have access to electricity in Bangladesh and nearly 75% of the population is rural and only about 30% of the rural households have access to grid electricity. The rural areas are not often feasible for conventional grid-based electrification due to high investment and running costs. The Infrastructure Development Company Ltd recently states that the number of solar home systems (SHSs) in Bangladesh (April 2016) is 3.9 million. As a result, more than 25 million people are benefitted from solar electricity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The government is targeted to a renewable energy mix of at least 23%. The contribution of generating capacity from solar energy is equivalent to 6.5 GW of the total renewable energy generation capacity of 45 GW by 2025. Solar energy has the potential of more than 200 GW with the efficiency of photovoltaic technology currently available. However, the use of solar energy in electricity generation is still less than 100 MW. The aim of this study was to analyze the difference in the cost of litric bills before and after PLTS installation, determine the speed of return on investment in roof PLTS installation, describing the impact of roofing PLTS installation on customers, PLNs and the government. Research results on 450 VA power customers before PV = Rp. 63,154, after PV = Rp. 53,681 and at 900 VA power customers before PV = Rp. 110,362, after PV = Rp. 66,811. So that it is converted to savings in electricity subsidies for 450 VA of Rp 9,473 and 900 VA of 43,551 of each month. Average capital return time for 450 VA and 900 VA power is 9 years. The impact of diverting electricity subsidies can be used to divert subsidies to other sectors, and can increase the new renewable energy mix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability of distributed generation to deliver cost-effective, environment friendly, high-quality and more reliable solutions have resulted in a rise in its use for electricity generation around the world. To balance power demand closer to load centers, DGs and capacitors are preferred over centralized power generation. An appropriate position and capability of DG plays a crucial role in addressing common power system issues like system loss reduction, voltage profile enhancement and stability. The best location for DG in the test system is determined using the loss sensitivity factor in this paper. The top five suitable locations are chosen, and all feasible combinations for DG integration are tested. To achieve minimal losses, Type I and Type II DGs are incorporated individually in the IEEE 33-bus test system at varying penetration levels using ETAP. The penetration levels chosen for the same are 30%, 50%, and 70% for three different scenarios, namely with single DG, two DG, and three DG. The outcomes are then compared to those of other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past few decades, the power demand is increasing rapidly due to urbanization and industrialization. Day by day the conventional fossil fuels used for the generation of electricity is getting depleted. To meet this increase in load demand, generation of electricity through renewable energy sources like solar, wind, etc., is gaining a lot of importance in these days. Apart from central and state generation companies, many customers started generating solar power to meet their own load demand and excess power is exported to the grid. Since the solar power generation depends on atmospheric conditions and the generation is intermittent in nature and often accurate prediction becomes difficult. Also, it becomes difficult to power system operators to anticipate the solar power generation due to up and downs in the variable renewable energy generation, which is posing lots of challenges in integrating the solar power to the grid. Solar Power generation forecasting plays a vital role in reducing stability issues, helps power system operators to plan and schedule the generation of renewable energy, conventional energy generation. In this paper a model is developed using artificial neural network for forecasting the solar energy generation and an attempt is made to provide better accuracy compared to existing conventional forecasting models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a massive disconnect between the level playing field around which we do electricity, and the way in which we do power system generation (especially electricity generation with distributed energy systems). Some companies are already well-aware of this process and work on it more closely, as their own business model, they do their due diligence, make sure they have the required capital, and build a comprehensive, and sustainable, system that is able to keep costs down and maintain high margins while maximizing value. The concept of self-contained energy networks is discussed in this study (AEGs). These systems have a scalable, reconfigurable, and self-organising information and control architecture, are exceptionally secure and robust (self-healing) and can self-optimise in real-time to ensure economic and dependable performance while systematically integrating all types of energy. It has not yet been established whether self-healing is economically cost-effective or economically sustainable in comparison with a single-energy-grid system, but both are options which may be considered in the coming phases of the field. When detached from a bigger grid, AEGs rely on cell building pieces that can self-advance and participate in optimal functioning when linked to a larger grid. Using the same methods, AEGs are able to integrate into different environments at will and integrate with real world environments more efficiently. For example, they can be able to do their jobs on a single cell tower rather than the cell building process at hand. While they may be very hard to make, they do not require any additional resources. The second reason you may come across AEGs is because they may have several different uses. AEGs are used to develop self-assemblers that are compatible with different technologies that use AEGs. These self-assemblers are then sold to any manufacturer or service provider that utilizes them. This article displays the key ideas and research needed in the wide fields of optimisation theory, control theory, big data analytics, and complex system theory and modelling to achieve the AEG aim. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the new provinces in Indonesia, West Papua Province needs the infrastructures for supporting its development, including electrical infrastructures. In this paper, system dynamics modeling has been built to investigate the readiness of electrical infrastructure, especially electricity generation, in facing the energy demand by the growth of population and other sectors in West Papua Province. The models have met the absolute mean error (AME) standard of validation. The simulation of the Business as Usual (BAU) model shows that the generation units are supported well in normal condition until 2050. In case no additional installed capacity for the generation units, the existing units may not support the population and energy growth by 2043 and 2047 in.the designed scenarios simulation. The lack of capacity is due to the upwards of energy demand in 2050, about 5012.09 GWh in scenario 1 and 7406.98 GWh in scenario 2, which is significantly increasing from 5012.09 GWh in BAU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the power plant, SCADA is used to monitor, control the generator, voltage, current, frequency, and rotation of the generator, in the form of variable values and graphs. One of the factors that become an obstacle in realizing a laboratory to support practicum-based learning is the problem of cost. The purpose of this laboratory kit is to simulate low-cost, affordable, and portable electric power generation. The power generation simulation equipment consists of a 1-phase AC generator with a capacity of 1000 watts of the Dongfeng ST3 brand with a load of 370 watts in the form of an induction motor and driven by a 3-phase 2000-watt Hitachi motor as the prime mover. Parameters of voltage and current values using current and voltage transducers connected to the MAD 42 analog input-output module, control of the system to be made using PLC (Programmable Logic Control) Omron 1CJ1M CPU12 32 I/O. 3 phase inverter is used as a 3 phase motor driver which will regulate the rotational speed of the generator to keep it constant at 1500 rpm. Control and monitoring equipment on the Dongfeng ST3 brand 1 phase AC generator with a capacity of 1000 watts is carried out through SCADA CX Supervisor 3.2. The results of the analysis of the cost of laboratory kit equipment are significantly cheaper than the commercial prices of similar laboratories so that the procurement burden is no longer burdensome to the institution. The simulation obtained is in the form of generator control at 1500 rpm rotation with the generator voltage remaining stable in the range of 210-230 V AC both on generator measurement and display on SCADA. While the generator frequency is constant at 50/60 Hz with the current value at the generator itself of 2.66 A, and 2.71 A on the SCADA display when there is a load. In the future, a low-cost, single-phase AC generator control laboratory kit based on SCADA can be applied to PLTMH applications and practical simulation tools for Electrical Power courses for students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological innovation with the use of three renewable energy sources is a renewable energy innovation that uses three energy sources as an energy source for electricity generation. The electricity generated from the accumulation of the three energy will be stored in a battery and then used to drive the fishing boat engine and generator as a power plant for the coastal community. The purpose of this paper is to find out the system design and usage concept of "Winner (Wind, Wave, and Solar Energy): Technological innovation by utilizing three renewable energy sources". We use research and development method with the ADDIE development model. With the application of technological innovation by utilizing these three renewable energy sources, it is expected to meet the needs of coastal community energy sources and be a solution to the scarcity of world fuel oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Handling thermal pollution due to industrial waste heat seems to be most promising field. Moreover the abandon solar heat is also essential to be utilized as a renewable energy source. There are some renewable energy from waste heat, geothermal, wind, nuclear and solar power. In this study we focus on how to utililize waste heat and solar power. This is can be done using thermoacoustic technology which combine between thermal and acoustic energy. Converting thermal energy into useful power such as acoustic power for driving cooler or electric power generation has becoming attracting thermoacoustic topic for many researchers. In industry usually the medium or low waste heat is diffcutl to be converted into useful energy. Using thermoacoustic technology, we can do it. To design a thermoacoustic system having low-grade heat, the effect of radii of the engine stacks was investigated because the radii are the heart of the thermoacoustic engines. In this investigation, the numerical calculation was performed. To find the onset heating temperature, the stability limit was used. The radii r/δ were varied. It was found that the the best radii for obtaining low heating temperature on the engines are r/δ = 1.2. We found that the lowest heating temperature is 43°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]