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This paper aims to develop a risk assessment framework that addresses both the complexities of the risk landscape that green transition portfolios face, but is recognizable and easily understandable by stakeholders. For this purpose, we build upon the framework of NASA Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs). This study analyzes six existing readiness levels framework that are held towards uncertainty factors from the Green Transition. The TRL scale are coupled with Risk, Uncertainty, and Ignorance to score the individual level of uncertainty. The paper ends with suggestion for further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers around the world are focusing on developing new materials that do not harm the environment, thus increasing the applications and researches of hybrid polymer matrices using natural polymers. Natural fibre composites are alternative to synthetic fibres that are hazardous to the environment and leads to pollution prevention. Natural fibres are low cost, low weight with excellent mechanical properties and consume less energy in the manufacturing process. In order to improve the overall qualities of composites, two are more natural fibres are blended to get reinforced hybrid polymer composites, which have greater mechanical properties than individual fibre composite. This article describes the properties of natural fibres, the chemical composition and importance of hybridization, various hybridization techniques, various treatments and applications of natural fibres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accumulation of plastic waste has become a problem facing the world. Recycling plastic waste is a successful way to control this problem. In this paper, the mechanical behavior of HDPE plastic in a composite material with fiberglass as reinforcement is studied. The composite materials were prepared using three different volume fractions of fiberglass (0, 7.5 and 22.5%) using the hand-layup method. bending, impact and tensile tests were conducted. From results, the yield, impact, tensile and bending strengths, were increased with increasing the volume fraction, while the ductility decreased significantly [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the mechanical behavior of recycled Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) plastic in composite materials as a matrix with fiberglass as reinforcement is studied. The composite materials were prepared with three different volume fractions of fiberglass (0, 7.5 and 22.5%) using hand-lay up method at 150°C. Impact, bending and tensile tests were performed. The results showed that the change of volume fraction from 0 to 7.5% led to an increase in the impact strength, yield stress and ductility, although there was a slight, ineffective decrease in tensile strength and flexural strength. When the volume fraction was changed from 7.5 to 22.5%, lead to increases in the impact strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, yield stress, modulus of elasticity and ductility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental concern has primarily focused on manufacturing setups. Overall, countries work towards a sustainable lifestyle and development to reduce their carbon footprint. The world is now witnessing sustainability trends in the health Sector as well. The Healthcare sector worldwide is characterized by the consumption of a significant number of resources. It should be the health care organisation (HCO)'s primary responsibility to keep a check on carbon footprint and assess environmental sustainability. Worldwide there exists a standard rating system that provides green certifications. A major Indian population is below the poverty line, illiteracy contributes to unawareness in people as consequence healthcare organizations suffer in India. The present study aims to examine and understand the basics of green hospitals, various dimensions responsible to achieve green status, importance and correlation of these dimensions. It aims to examine the fundamentals of Green HCO, the various dimensions, barriers and a way forward to benign HC establishments in India. This work emphasizes the environmental, economic, health and community benefits of sustainability for the health care sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research paper we are studying on optimizing the life of hot forging die. The process of improving the life of the hot forging die we are doing changes in the die design as per the stresses induced in the dies. The stub axle is used as a test model for experimenting. The design of stub axle using designing software named as CREO for the simulation and design the upper and lower dies. In this (AISI H13) tool steel material is used as die material and 3% nickel steel and alloy steel is used as stub axel material. To improve the life of the die the sharp corner of the dies converted into the fillet and the edges into the radii and also „Draft Angle‟ are added to the top & bottom die cavity. Then software are used to perform the various (FE) analysis processes on the designed dies using the „ANSYS‟ Software. In ANSYS „directional deformation‟ analysis are performed on both the upper and lower dies respectively and the „Equivalent Stress‟is analyzed. The experimental results showed the stresses are reduced after applying the radii and „Draft Angle‟ on the dies by applying various gradually increasing force on the dies. In „Static Structural Analysis‟ are calculate the „FACTOR OF SAFETY‟ and applied the gradually increasing force on the dies for the „Total deformation‟. After calculating the various factors related with the forging process. Which resulted decreasing in effective plastic strain and overall distribution of effective stress during the die contact are reduced. Hence tends to optimize some amount of the hot forging die life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increase in the depths of drilling for oil wells and the use of directional and horizontal drilling methods, the speed of moving the cutting rock to the surface of the well remains one of the main factors responsible for cleaning the bottom of the well, which is directly related to the cost, time, and quality of drilling in addition to operational problems including increased friction of the teeth of the hoof, stubbornness, and the closure of the well. Using ANSYS-Fluent (2019 R3) Eulerian-Eulerian (E-E) model, a numerical modeling was performed to test the factors affecting the drilling fluid's ability to quickly move pieces to the surface of the well. The factors that were studied included studying the effect of drilling fluid viscosity, flow rate, and drilling angle, plus the effect of temperature and decentralization of the drill pipe and rotational speed. A three-dimensional model is built consisting of two concentric cylinders, the inner cylinder rotation with dimensions (length 400 cm and diameter 5 cm), and the outer cylinder stationary (length 400 cm and diameter 10 cm). The simulation results showed that the factors affecting the cutting transfer have different effects among them on the cutting transport ratio. Increasing the flow velocity has the greatest impact on the ability to lift the cutting, while increasing the plastic viscosity is not a desirable way to clean the bottom of the well. The results also showed that the decentralization of the drilling pipe has a clear effect on the speed of the cutting transport, additionally, the increase in the temperature of the drilling fluid reduces the ability of the drilling fluid to clean the bottom of the well. The increase in the incline of the hoof after 60˚ improves the ability of the drilling fluid to clean the well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The automobile contains several very important parts, one of which is the friction clutch. Its importance comes from being it is a mechanical coupling device that plays the role of connecting and transmitting the torque generated in the engine to the gear set in the gearbox. The friction material is an important parameter due to withstand the mechanical and thermal load generated in the clutch system. This paper focused on studying the thermal behavior of four different friction lining materials (LUK, Tiger, G95, and HCC) to identify the temperature distribution for each material separately and then compare these materials to arrive at the best material that you can choose in the dry clutch design. Modeling of the model was done by the method of finite element and with the help of the ANSYS program to perform numerical simulations and show results. It may be determined that the thermoelastic behavior of the clutch is influenced by the type of frictional lining material used. After comparing the data, it was discovered that the materials (HCC and G95) were vulnerable to clutch activation for long periods. In the current investigation, the lining materials stood out because they demonstrated a high thermal efficiency when compared to the other materials in the prior study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most important machine elements of the braking system are the brake disc and pads. During the braking process, the braking torque is necessary to decelerate the speed of the vehicle or stop it. High amount of frictional heat will be generated during the braking process due to the sliding between the moving part (brake disc) and fixed parts (brake pads). The present research involves two parts, in the first part it will be investigated the effects of difeeerent properties of three friction materials (St37-2, G95 and HCC) on the thermal behavior of the brake system. While, in the second part, the expedite work will be achieved to measure the temperature distribution during the braking process. A parametric study was achieved to find out the effect of different factors such as angular velocity, applied pressure and material propertiese on the behavior and performance of the brake system. The minimum values of temperature obtained when using friction material (HCC) which is about 52.3 °C, G95 was 53.8 °C, and for St37-2 was 56.8 °C. The temperature increases with velocity and pressure, maximum values of temperature is obtained when using (St37-2) pad material and minimum value is obtained when using (HCC) pad material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article widely accepted fact that refrigerants, especially chlorofluorocarbons (R-12 and family) used in present day vapor compression cycles are having a detrimental effect on the earth's upper atmosphere. The United States and most industrialized nations have formally agreed to reduce and ban the production of these chemicals. The automotive air-conditioning industry is greatly affected by this change. Eighty percent of the new cars sold today have on-board air conditioners which are difficult to seal permanently against refrigerant leakage. While most of the industry is concentrating on finding less dangerous forms of chlorofluorocarbons, it must be realized that this would only be a temporary solution. Recent EPA findings show that by 1990 there was cumulative 5% reduction in the ozone layer over the United States. This could, if continued, lead to over 12 million cancer cases and 200,000 deaths over the next 50 years. Energy from the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine is used to power an absorption refrigeration system to air-condition an ordinary passenger car. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Fsw process that doesn't require the filler material for joining the pieces. However, it is well established that adding a filler material to several welding techniques increases weld grade, joint durability, andother constructional qualities. Methods/Statistical analysis: FSW is a modern technique which overcomes many demerits of conventional welding processes like generation of harmful gases and requirement of high energy input. TRS 800rpm, 1000rpm,or 1200rpm, and TTS 20, 30, or 40 (in mm/ min) are considered to see the effect on hardness of weld joints under Taguchi L9 and ANOVA. Findings: In research, using tool rotation speeds of 800rpm, 1000rpm, or 1200rpm & tts of 20, 30, or 40 (in mm/ min). As tool rotation speed is increased, the hardness is predicted to climb for 1200 rpm with 30 mm/ min. Design of Experiment has been prepared by Taguchi's orthogonal system which helps to take better results with optimum number of experiments. Improvements/Applications: FSW finds its applications in the field of manufacturing industry; like in ship building, aerospace, production of automobiles and used extensively in fabrication of aluminium plates/sheets, and materials like steel, magnesium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MAG is using as a high quality welding process to weld the same or different materials. Its main objective is to represent the study of MAG shield gas influence on impact strength of AA6061 weld Joint.MAG welding technique is used to perform the operation of joining all the specimens based on input factors as gas flow rate and current. Taguchi L4 orthogonal array and ANOVA analysis methods are used for the design of experiments. In this research, Analyze the collected data values and check the current and pressure of SGF influence on IS of AA6061 weld jointspecimens. In this research study, Metal Active Gas welding used for joining multi materials efficiently. AA6061 selected based on non corrosive, hard wearing, anti-static, light weight and formability properties. AA6061 is used for welding assemblies, marine frames, aircraft frames, truck frames, electronic parts, furniture and chemical tools. Determine the current and pressure influence on impact strength of AA6061 joints. In this, 32.2 Joule impact strength obtained maximum at pressure of shielding gas flow of 6 Psi and current 225 amp. AA6061 are used for manufacturing the marine frames, aircraft frames, truck frames, electronic parts, furniture and chemical tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Operational reliability and smooth functional performance of centrifugal pumps is related with the pumping unit and inlet hydraulic geometry conditions. Operational difficulties normally occur at site and lab performance is generally smooth during the shop testing of the pump. Pump suction arrangement is having major effect on the pump operating conditions. Numerical simulation and actual model testing is important to check the suction conditions for pump operating performance. Hydraulic geometry is maintained by optimally designing the inlet equipment's and hydraulic geometry in the flow path. Model study is conducted by the optimization of the hydraulic geometry using the inlet equipment's. These studies are concerned with experimental and hydraulic simulation of the pump sump design parameters. Flow is maintained, guided in the sump and vortex dissipating devices are installed in sump. These hydraulically optimized sump profiles having similarity for model study and flow simulation. This resulted in the smooth flow behavior and smooth performance parameters. Vorticity is reduced in the pump sump and having minor effect near the entrance of the flow in the inlet geometry and effect is reduced near the pump. The slight surface recirculation is not affecting the pump flow and operating condition. The experimental analysis is conducted on the scaled model and flow analysis is done with the actual geometry for hydraulic design of the pump sump. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disk friction losses can significantly influence the overall pump effciency. It is most pronounced in the case of machines with low or moderate specific speed, which has to be kept in mind during a design process of a pump. However, analyses using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) often completely neglect the sidewall gaps geometry. Correctly solved flow in the sidewall gaps can have a great impact on the whole flow pattern inside the pump and therefore it can considerably influence the calculated effciency. The paper is focused on the precise simulation of the flow in the spaces between impeller shrouds and casing. CFD study using embedded Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approach in order to achieve accurate insight into the flow in sidewall gaps and reasonable computational time was performed. Obtained results are compared with data from experimental measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovative design of perforated and non-perforated fin is a prime importance of thermal system to enhance the rate of heat transfer. The traditional and innovative designs of fins used in different applications such as IC engines, heat exchangers, electronics heat sinks, electric motors, etc. The main aim of this article is to present a comprehensive review on the comparative thermal performance analysis between solid and perforated fins. Also focused on heat transfer analysis of different types of fins with various designs and dimensions, also studied free and forced convection heat transfer with correlations of dimensionless numbers. Researchers emphasized that the rate of heat transfer of perforated fins is greater than the conventional fins. The review concluded with recommendations that recently developed perforated fins are the best choice than solid fins for enhancing the heat transfer rate of thermal systems. Also the concept of perforated fins can be applied to an electric motor/machine in order to enhance the heat transfer rate and ultimately its life and efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses BIM and GIS technologies that help to ensure the safety of construction and operation of buildings and structures. The importance of the introduction of digital technologies for ensuring sustainable development of cities and regulating the impact on agricultural territories is emphasized. Based on the research and analysis of a number of scientific publications, it was revealed that the integration of BIM and GIS allows you to fundamentally move to a new approach to planning and management and organization to improve performance: environmental, economic and social. The possibilities and indicators of the application of these technologies for various sustainable development goals are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nature Inspired Computing Algorithms are the best solutions for solving complex problems around us. The objective of our paper use Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) to optimize the shortest route between various departments located in university campus. The Internet of Things (IoT) technologies by navigation of mobile application to find shortest path located by online graphical form in a SR University campus. A graph is generated by MATLAB and the simulation results showing information of shortest route of source to destination & neighbour information. The working procedure of ACO is edge(departments) between vertices(paths) then maintain the pheromone level at that edge should be higher. As per pheromone level is high on that path, other ants also follow this path, or otherwise omitted the edge. The paper focus on Internet of Things (IoT) based ACO Optimized intelligent system for mobile phone application that students and visitors found nearest location within shortest time selective locations within SR University campus. For that save time and flexibility to find short route in a reasonable amount of time while using NIC based algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Properties of Bernoulli’s principle are investigated. Assuming a velocity field, dynamics of a hurricane are described. In a multi-scale model, formulas for gravitational red-shift are recovered, by regarding the flow of light particles as a mixture with a Newtonian gravitating body. For sound in a mixture, a Doppler formula is deduced. Plastic deformation is considered in conjunction with sound. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Learning Assistant (LA) model for peer instructors emerged from physics and biology education but has recently been gaining momentum in engineering departments [1], [2]. LAs are undergraduate students who facilitate student thinking and encourage inclusive active learning in the classroom. They participate in weekly preparation sessions with their supervising faculty, where they provide input as active members of the instructional team for their course. LAs also participate in a pedagogical training program, a key element of the LA model [3]. In many institutions using the LA model, LAs are involved in the pedagogical training for just their first semester of practice. However, there may be benefits to providing sustained pedagogical training and reflection across multiple semesters of LA participation. Research is needed to explore the affordances of mixed-experience pedagogical training for LAs. This study looks specifically at LAs within the mechanical engineering department at a small private university in the northeastern US who participated in the program over two academic years. A unique aspect of this department's pedagogy seminar is that both veteran and novice LAs took part in the pedagogy course. We, as the facilitators and program coordinators, began to notice the veteran-novice interaction as becoming central to the functioning of the group, so we turned to Lave and Wenger's framework of community of practice [4] to document and understand what was happening. The central question for this study is: How does this unique mixed-experience context for engineering LAs exhibit characteristics of a community of practice?. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today's, automated process planning is becoming a widely prevalent technology in modern manufacturing systems. Feature concept is a core required to realize a fully integrated CAD/CAM system. The contents of a feature's information can simply be transferred from one manufacturing activity to another. in the last few years, Automated process planning based on features technology has become popular with its capacity to combine design and manufacturing systematically. Despite its advantages, it is still difficult to recognize and extract manufacturing features automatically from the CAD system database. This paper addressed the development of a Feature-Based Process Planning System (FBPPS) integrated with CAD systems Automatically. The developed system used the knowledge-base method to execute process planning tasks that include; process selection, process sequences, machine tool selection, tool selection, and cutting conditions. Feature recognize module based on syntactic recognition technique has been introduced using CAD database of 3D component geometry model. The process planning module has been implemented using decision-making procedures based on the feature recognition stage. The proposed framework was implemented on personal computers using AutoCAD 2014 as the CAD modeling system and Visual-Basic 2010 as the programming environment to build the decision-making knowledge base. A 3D CAD model of the prismatic mechanical part has been selected as a case study to examine and evaluate the FBPPS ability. The final results of the test show the success of the proposed system on manufacturing feature recognition and generate a process plan automatically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bibliometric research focuses on quantitative analysis of bibliographic materials. It provides a useful method of classifying information according to different variables, such as by journal, institution, and country. This article presents a systematics research analysis of research on hydroforming using bibliometric indicators. These indicators have many advantages; in this case, they provide a broad picture of, and identify the most influential research in, hydroforming. The analysis here focuses on pertinent journals, research articles, authors, institutions, and countries. The results reveal that Yuan SJ is the most influential author, Journal of Materials Processing Technology and the International Journal of Machine Tools Manufacture are the most influential journals, Harbin Institute of Technology is the most influential institution, and China is the most influential country in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a relative motion between two components such as in machine elements happening with transfer of force displacement or motions. The features like transferring of load, displacement from one object to other object takes place between the parts. All these cases give rise to discontinuities in velocity and displacements. This type of loading, displacements and dynamic conditions give rise to elastic, inelastic and surface damage of both the objects. These discontinuities results in volume loss of materials. Loss of materials gives rise to loss of durability and reliability of machines. In the present study experiments were conducted using rubber wheel abrader for identifying the influence of abrader grain size and effect of normal load. On three body abrasive wear individual experiments were conducted using sand abrader of grain size 106 microns, 212 microns and 425 microns. EN 24 steel was used as target material. The speed was maintained at 200 rpm. The time of the test was 8 minutes. The abrader flow rate was 100 grams/minute. The weight loss was estimated and observed that 0.002, 0.022 and 0.037 for a normal load 11.37 N, 35.31 N, 58.85 N and abrader size of 106 microns. The weight loss was estimated and observed that 0.001, 0.020 and 0.037 for a normal load 11.37 N, 35.31 N, 58.85 N and abrader size of 212 microns. The weight loss was estimated and observed that 0.02, 0.021 and 0.031 for a normal load 11.37 N, 35.31 N, 58.85 N and abrader size of 425 microns. The wear track of target material and abrader after experiments was studied in scanning electron microscope (SEM) and found that for a given normal load, the abrader size was found not to much influence on wear loss and wear mode was influenced to a longer extent by normal load rather than abrader grain sizes. The hardness of the target material was found to be influential in wear modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarizes the session "Parabolic Equation Methods Across Acoustics" that took place at the 178th meeting of the Acoustical Society of America in San Diego, CA. This session was sponsored by the Computational Acoustics Technical Subgroup and Technical Committees in Physical Acoustics, Underwater Acoustics, Acoustical Oceanography, Signal Processing in Acoustics, and Structural Acoustics and Vibration. Nine presentations, with authorship from industry, government, and academia, discussed the use of the Parabolic Equation (PE) method to solve problems across a wide range of physical scales and diverse media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photovoltaic panels exhibits lower conversion efficiency due to increased surface temperature. Hence the thermal management of panel is important which can be active or passive in nature. However, passive methods are gaining importance due to its inherent advantages. In the present CFD study, the degree of panel cooling is analyzed by optimizing various geometrical parameters of the solar thermal combi system. The optimized geometry yielded air flow rate of 0.034 kg/s which can cool the PV panel by 5°C when exposed to solar radiation level of 800 W/m2. This cooling rate is further validated through experiment. As the solar thermal combi system does air heating and panel cooling processes simultaneously, the overall system efficiency is better and is cost effective compared to two individual units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work explains sloshing behavior and flow dynamics in a cylindrical container of 300mm diameter and 500mm height, for different baffle arrangements. Numerical simulations are done in ANSYS with water and air as the fluids to optimize the position of the baffle. A forced sinusoidal motion is provided for the excitation of the tank. The simulation results are validated with the experimental results for the same tank configuration. The test rig enables manipulating a tank model so that slosh waves are represented. The position of baffle plays a crucial role in the sloshing behavior in terms of wave amplitude and wall pressure. Experiments for the same tank geometry are conducted with different baffle thickness at the optimized baffle location obtained from the numerical analysis. The material used for the tank and baffle is acrylic enabling better visualization purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]