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Clinker is the main product of Cement industries and the clinkerization process requires high thermal & electrical energy. Energy demand in cement kiln is accounting for 30-40% of production costs and cement plants are mainly dependent on conventional fuel. In present scenario, conventional fuel is substituted by various hazardous & non-hazardous wastes having significant calorific value. As per National Inventory report published by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in 2009, there are 36,165 nos. of hazardous waste generating industries in India that are generating 62,32,507 Metric Tonnes of hazardous waste every year. The recyclable portion of HW is in the range of 49.55% & the land disposable portion and incinerable portion are in the tune of 43.78% and 6.67% respectively. The co-processing of incinerable hazardous waste in cement kiln is the best option for scientific disposal. The industry, Government Opium & Alkaloid Works, Neemuch, Madhya Pradesh, India is manufacturing life saving drugs like Codeine Phosphate, Codeine Sulphate, Cotarnine, Dionine, Morphine Hydrochloride, Morphine Sulphate, Noscapine, Opium, Thebaine, Oxycodone hydrochloride, Dihydrocodeine Bi Tartarate, Hydrocodone, Tartarate and Pholcodine. The waste product of this plant is Opium Marc which is categorized under hazardous waste. The disposal of Opium Marc was a greatest problem for Government Opium & Alkaloid Works & also for Pollution Control Board for its environment friendly disposal. Vikram Cement Works (A unit of UltraTech Cement Ltd.) is equipped with complete automatic alternative fuel feeding system (supplied by M/s Humboldt Wedag India Ltd.) along with three separate receiving hoppers with load cells and fully covered transport belts with dust filters at all transfer points in line-III kiln. The Quality Control Department has characterized Proximate, Ultimate & complete chemical analysis of Ash content & pre designed the raw mix with the compatibility to use Pet Coke, Imported Coal as a main fuel & Opium Marc some % of alternative fuel. On the basis of burnability study and assessing the lab prepared clinker Quality, Vikram Cement Works applied State Pollution Control Board with intimation to Central Pollution Control Board and got the trial run permission from State Pollution Control Board. Co-processing of hazardous waste "Opium Marc" was carried out by Vikram Cement Works under the guidance & presence of Pollution Control Authorities during 10th to 14th June 2013. The trial run was carried out in three phases; Pre Co-processing, During Co-processing & Post co-processing. The emission monitoring was carried out by the Ministry of Environment and Forests approved M/s Vimta Lab., Hyderabad for various prescribed parameters like CO, TOC, VOC, PAH, NOX, HCl, SO2, HF, Hydrocarbons Total dioxin & Furan, Cd, TI & their compounds, Hg & its compound, Sb+AS+Pb+Co+Cr+Cu+Mn+Ni+V & their compounds. Samples of Imported Coal, Pet Coke & Opium Marc are taken on daily basis for testing their Calorific Value, Proximate analysis, Ultimate analysis, all heavy metals & TOC. TCLP Test, Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon, Organo - chlorine compounds, VOCs and Semi-VOCs, Poly Chloro Biphenyls (PCBs), Poly Chloro Phenols (PCPs) are monitored additionally for Opium Marc as per CPCB Guideline. During the trial run, the impacts of co-processing have been studied on chemistry, mineralogy & micro structural properties of clinker Quality. The ultimate engineering properties of cement also have been tested by mechanical testing of mortar cube. The co-processing result reveals that there is no negative impact either on environment or on the clinker & cement properties. Hence co-processing of Hazardous Waste, Opium Marc may be the best alternative for its disposal in cement kiln, saving of energy resource, ecologically sustainable and environmental friendly manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today's digital world is made up of a diverse collection of electronic devices like mobiles, net books, PDA's, digital cameras, navigation systems etc for varied uses like information retrieval, entertainment and so on. A typical smart environment is heterogeneous in nature where the various devices assist the user(s) seamlessly with their services. For such an intelligent environment, one of the major research challenge is interoperability among the services discovered and composed. In this paper, I present an architecture using web services (SOAP and/or REST based) as an effective way of addressing the interoperability issue. The proposed solution could be integrated into any smart environment framework that may cater for other requirements as well such as context-awareness, user preferences and more. A case study on a typical smart conference room is done to depict the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ion-atom collisions can be used to determine singly differential electron scattering cross-sections for the direct and resonant, elastic and inelastic electron-ion collisions. A new high-resolution tandem parallel-plate electron spectrometer system capable of sub eV resolution has been designed and constructed. This spectrometer has been used to analyze electrons up to 12 keV in energy. An estimated analysis limit of 21 keV has been determined, which will allow the measurement of the 2p² resonances up to Z=22. We will report the results of direct and resonant elastic scattering studies for hydrogen-like F, Mg and Si ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]