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Currently, one of the priorities for sustainable development is human life getting better with functional foods. Non-dairy matrices are considered as promising alternative for production of foods and beverages with probiotic microbes. The development of these new products appears to be a hot area in which probiotic cereal beverages occupy a special place. The corn, buckwheat, oats, rye, wheat and barley flour was studied. Two-stage enzymatic hydrolysis of the water suspensions of the flour with amylases and proteases was carried out to increase the substrates bioavailability and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) final count. The strain of Lactobacillus plantarum 8-RA-3 (VKPM B-11007) was used as typical probiotics regards his more than forty-years history of application in medicine, nutrition and veterinary. The cultivation was performed without stirring at 37 deg. C. The greatest LAB final count and lactic acid production were indicated in fermented beverages based on whole wheat and whole rye flour. The optimization of pre-processing conditions is required for proposed industrial scale application. The ratio of amylases to flour dry matter, ratio of proteases to protein, and water to solid ratio were considered parameters for the optimization of two stage hydrolysis followed by rye flour suspension fermentation by LAB. The final LAB count was a response function in the central composite design. The optimal values were 0.05 % of amylases to flour dry matter, 2.75 % of proteases to flour protein and water:solid ratio 16.51:1. The maximal count Lactobacillus plantarum of was 8.9 log (CFU/mL). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major leading fact for environmental issue is due to pollution. Water pollution is basically the effective cause herewith due to pollutants released from industries, battery waste, e-waste etc. To eradicate the health issues in relation to environment is observed when heavy metals are removal from wastewater to some extent. Lead is one of the highest toxic metal among others. In the present work, the biosorption of lead from wastewater using marine algae ulva lactuaca is carried away. biosorption is considered as an effective process. The Optimization of biosorbed lead under the experimental process is predicted by the help of the 3-D RSM designing. CCD (central composite design) is a 3 D design used to illustrate the optimum conditions according to the experiment performed and support to justify the final results obtained as an optimum values of pH 3.67, dosage 12 g/L, concentration 30.01 mg/L, Temperature 318K and % removal and Desirability are shown best as 94.9566 % and 0.808 respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing demand of non-toxic and environmentally friendly dyes, colorants that come from natural source have risen as an alternative of sintetic poisonous dyes. In this research natural dye from S. mahagony was extracted using microwave-assisted extraction method under different operating condition such as extraction time (10-30 min), plant material to solvent ratio (0.03-0.05 g/mL) and microwave power level (100-380 watt). Box-Behnken method and central composite design (CCD) method is widely used for modeling response surface methodology (RSM), both methods show good prediction performance. In this study response surface methodology was performed to optimize the process, both methods were performed by the help Statgraphics Centurion 16 to evaluate the effects of different operating parameters. Finally, both methods were statistically compared by root mean square error (RMSE) and absolute average deviation (AAD) based on validation data set. Further, result suggests that CCD has better performance as compared to Box-Behnken method. The maximum yield obtained for Box-Behnken is 3.7647% (380 watt, 0.0339 g/mL, 28.8899 min) and 3.7506% (379.986 watt, 0.0378 g/mL, 30 min) for central composite design method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to optimize of ratio oil type, ratio oil to methanol and catalyst concentration. The optimization was used Central Composite Design (CCD). Biodiesel was produced with multi stock oil as feed and conducted in direct ultrasonic radiation. Biosonic equiped with ultrasonic generator with a frequency of 28 kHz. Biodiesel produced at a pressure of 1 atm, reaction time of 60 min and temperature 60 ° C. The optimum conditions of volume ratio for Palm and Coconut oil 4:1, KOH catalyst concentration 0.3% and methanol to oil mole ratio 7:1. Biodiesel yield was determined under this condition and obtained 81.105%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a Central Composite Face Centered (CCF) design was employed to study the individual and interaction effects of demographic characteristics on the spread of HIV in South Africa. The demographic characteristics studied for each pregnant mother attending an antenatal clinic in South Africa, were mother's age, partner's age, mother's level of education and parity. HIV status of an antenatal clinic attendee was found to be highly sensitive to changes in pregnant woman's age and partner's age, using the 2007 South African annual antenatal HIV and syphilis seroprevalence data. Individually the pregnant woman's level of education and parity had no significant effect on the HIV status. However, the latter two demographic characteristics exhibited significant effects on the HIV status of antenatal clinic attendees in two way interactions with other demographic characteristics. Using HIV as the optimization objective, the following summary statistics were obtained, R2 = 0.99 and two-factor interactions (2FI) model F-value of 63.77. The model F-value of 63.77 implied the 2FI model was significant and there was only a 0.01% chance this model value could occur due to noise. The model 'Lack of Fit' value of 0.01 implied that the 'Lack of Fit' was not significant relative to the pure error and thus there was a 99.88% chance that this 'Lack of Fit' F-value could occur due to noise. An adeq. precision value of 25 was obtained, suggesting that this 2FI model could be used to navigate the design space. A 3D response surface plot indicated that the highest rate of HIV positive individuals was obtainable at the highest age of the pregnant women and lowest age of their partners. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study, it was aimed to synthesize carboxymethyl cellulose-based hydrogel using citric acid as a crosslinker and to evaluate its water-holding ability. The central composite design method was used to determine the optimal working conditions for the synthesis of the hydrogel with its maximum water absorption capacity and to examine the main effect and interaction effect of the factors involved in the synthesis of the hydrogel. The effect of main factors such as polymer composition, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, citric acid, and polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000/10000) concentration (w/w%) on swelling rate was evaluated. Optimization of the product component and statistical evaluation of all data were carried out with the Minitab Statistical Software program. When the results were evaluated, it showed that the superabsorbent hydrogel was produced under optimum conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]