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Mariposa Christia vespertilionis (MCV) has gained attention in cancer medicine development. Nowadays, plant-based nanoparticles have been widely used in drug delivery as they bring minimal effects to healthy cells and exhibiting antiproliferative effects to cancer cells. This study was conducted to investigate the antiproliferative properties of synthesised silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using MCV aqueous leaf extract on HT29 cell line. The qualitative phytochemical analysis has proved that flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides and tannins were present in MCV. Based on the ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrometry spectrum, the optimum conditions to synthesise highest amount of AgNPs were 15% v/v of extract concentration and 24 h of incubation period. The synthesised AgNPs were characterised by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides and tannins were responsible in AgNPs formation based on FTIR analysis. In TEM analysis, the obtained nanoparticles were well-distributed with spherical shape. The particle size was in the range from 30 nm to 50 nm. From dimethylthiazol-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, the synthesised AgNPs was proven to have ability in killing cancer cells (IC50: <12.5 µg/ml). They showed higher killing effect compared to the extract alone but lower than chemotherapy drug 5-fluorouracil (5FU). In conclusion, this study proved that MCV and synthesised AgNPs have the ability to kill cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wnt signaling pathway is known as a highly-conserved signaling event and plays pivotal role in cell proliferation, differentiation, migration as well as stem cell maintenance. It has been well-established that aberrant activation or hyperactivation of Wnt signaling pathway has observed in and positively correlated with various cancer and tumor types. Wnt signaling pathway was shown to participate in different cancer and tumor development through metabolic reprogramming, which means the normal metabolism process has been altered to support the abnormally increased energy consumption from cancer cells feeding their rapid growth and proliferation. In this review, we've summarized the most critical and recent advances research of Wnt signaling in tumor and cancer metabolic reprogramming as well as provide guidance for future drug development and targeted therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human T-cell Leukemia Virus (HTLV-1) is a human retrovirus that establishes a lifelong infection of host immune cells which may develop into Adult T-cell Leukemia (ATL). The process by which the virus transforms host cells into a cancerous state is not well understood, but the HTLV-1 basic leucine zipper factor (HBZ) protein has been shown to play an important role in carcinogenesis. HBZ is a viral transcriptional regulator that controls the expression of both viral and cellular genes. Numerous studies have shown that HBZ alters the gene expression of infected host cells in ways that promote carcinogenesis. However, it remains unclear how these genetic changes result in the metabolic reprogramming that is characteristic of cancer. Here, we evaluated the metabolic changes caused by the HBZ protein and whether these changes are reported to be involved in cancer progression. Recently, our lab has obtained preliminary data which suggests that polyamine biosynthesis is upregulated in cells expressing HBZ. Polyamines (including spermine and spermidine) act as positive regulators of the cell cycle and dysregulation of polyamine biosynthesis has been observed in several types of tumors. Further, polyamines have also been implicated in metastasis, which may make them possible therapeutic targets. This project aims to evaluate whether the upregulation in polyamines is due to HBZ-mediated changes in the expression of biosynthetic genes. We hypothesize that HBZ enhances the expression of the polyamine biosynthetic enzymes spermidine synthase (srm) and spermine synthase (sms). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the research status and development trend of regional distribution of esophageal cancer in China, and to provide reference for further study of the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer. METHODS: The databases of CNKI, Wanfang, Superstar Discovery and Chinese Biomedical Literature were retrieved, and the literature of regional distribution of esophageal cancer in China was analyzed and evaluated by bibliometrics. RESULTS: The number of literatures on the regional distribution of esophageal cancer in China is increasing continuously. The authors of the literatures on the regional distribution of esophageal cancer show a trend of clustering distribution according to the high incidence areas of esophageal cancer. Among the research institutes, the number of papers issued by institutions in the northern region is much larger than that in the southern region. The high incidence area of esophageal cancer is mainly located in Henan, Jiangsu, Hebei and other provinces. From the national point of view, more high incidence areas in the north than in the south, but the number of high incidence areas in the south is also increasing in recent years. CONCLUSION: In recent years, the study on the regional distribution of esophageal cancer has attracted much attention, and the amount of relative published paper is on the rise, however the profundity and the depth of the study is not far enough. There are not many experts deeply working on this field. Even for the researchers in this field, the published amount of the articles is quite small and limited. The lack of continuity on the research of esophageal cancer is another major problem. Therefore, a long-term monitoring mechanism should be established to continually inject new vitality into the study of regional distribution of esophageal cancer around the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Congreso Internacional de Investigacion Academia Journals is the property of PDHTech, LLC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Exosomes are extracellular membrane structures involved in many physiological and pathological processes including cancerogenesis and metastasis. The purpose of the study was to isolate, identify and analyze the total content of exosomes in biological fluids. The exosomes from the plasma and ascites samples of the patients with ovarian cancer, from the blood plasma of the patients with colorectal and head and neck squamous cell cancer as well as from the blood plasma of healthy donors were characterized using transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry. The subpopulations of the exosomes in the biological fluids of the patients with different types of cancer were similar, but the protein concentrations of exosomes were different. In this paper we present the methodological approaches allowing us to obtain high quality exosome preparations from biological fluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The numerous data show, that microRNA (miRNA) are direct participants of carcinogenesis. Also miRNA plays the role of a diagnostic and prognostic marker for different types of cancer, including gliomas. The aim of this research is to make the comparative analysis of 10 micro RNA (miR-124, -125b, -16, -181b, -191, -21, -221, -223, -31 and -451) expression profiles. The analysis was made for gliomas with different malignancy degree, then compared with the samples of the adjacent not changed tissues (n = 90). During the study the specific profiles of miRNA expression for various histotypes of tumors were revealed. It was determined, that miRNA acts as a predictor of patient survival in the cases with malignant supratentorial brain tumors. The diagnostic approaches based on miRNA expression profile were designed. It will help to determine the malignancy level and to predict the course of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular-morphological signs of oncogenesis could be linked to multiscale collective effects in molecular, cell and tissue related to defects (damage) dynamics. It was shown that nonlinear behavior of biological systems can be linked to the existence of characteristic collective open state modes providing the coherent expression dynamics. New type of criticality in nonequilibrium systems with defects--structural-scaling transition allows the definition of the 'driving force' for a biological soft matter related to consolidated open states. The set of collective open states (breathers, autosolitons and blow-up modes) in the molecular ensembles provides the collective expression dynamics to attract the entire system (cell, tissue) toward a few preferred global states. The co-existence of three types of collective modes determines the multifractal scenario of biological soft matter dynamics. The appearance of 'globally convergent' dynamics corresponding to the coherent behavior of multiscale blow-up open states (blow-up gene expression) leads to anomalous localized softening (blow-up localized damage) and the subjection of the cells (or tissue) to monofractal dynamics. This dynamics can be associated with cancer progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research shows that cancerous disease is formed under the combined action of various endogenous factors (age, sex, gentle factors, pre-existing diseases), exogenous factors - environmental factors (air, soil and water pollution with noxes and chemicals), stress factors. Among the exogenous factors, it has been scientifically proven that the nutrition has a decisive role in the emergence and evolution of malignant tumors. It is estimated that 50% of cases of cancer in women and 45% in males are due to nutritional factors. The impact of the nutrition on carcinogenesis is evidenced by the greater amount of enteric-carcinogenic agents compared to the amount introduced into the body through other carcinogenic pathways - the skin and the lungs, with a ratio of 1000000/1000/1 between these factors. The influence of food on cancers results, and from the fact that they are consumed throughout life, thus allowing the long-term contact of the human body with the caffeine substances. These ingested small doses become harmful because the carcinogenic action accumulates, the malignant effect may occur after a period of several years [2]Viorel Mogos - Nutrition and Nutrition Diseases. Carcinogenesis of animal origin takes place both directly under the action of chemicals present in food and indirectly by facilitating the formation of carcinogenic substances in the body, which is correlated with the current consumers' nutritional excesses and deficiencies. The chemical substances present in foods that cause cancer diseases are food additives (dyes, flavor enhancers, flavor enhancers, antioxidants, glutamates, antiseptics), food contaminants (pesticides, insecticides, vinyl chloride so used in food packaging), the pollutants from the environment (noxes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phosphates, sulfates, chlorides) as well as cosmetics. These substances have an electrophilic character imprinted by electron deficient atoms, which carcinogenic molecules contain. They form covalent bonds with intracellular target molecules (nucleic acids and proteins) that contain electron-rich nucleophilic formations. Thus, most chemical carcinogens are incapable of initiating neoplasia in their initial form, being precancerous, their metabolic activation being made by the microsomal oxidative system in the liver and other organs, which results in electrophilic carcinogen. There are also carcinogenic substances that do not require metabolic activation. They form spontaneously, non-enzymatic, highly reactive decomposition products. The metabolic activation of chemical carcinogens is accomplished by the interaction of activated carcinogen with nucleic acids and proteins involved in cellular replication that it disrupts. Nucleophilic reagents to induce neoplasia is conditioned by the formation of metabolites and their ability to react with cellular targets.[2] The main target is DNA, chemical mutagens succeeding in modifying the nucleic acid base sequences, resulting in the appearance of a modified information content cell that does not respond adequately to the mechanisms that control normal cellular replication. The occurrence of the mutation in the DNA molecule can be compensated by the intervention of the enzymatic repair systems, but the lack of adaptation and operability of DNA determined by certain carcinogenic substances is a critical moment in carcinogenesis. This is manifested by the intervention of immunological mechanisms of inactivation by which the process can be braked, the cell begins to multiply uncontrollably entering an irreversible and inefficient development phase. The findings of the research show that the patients who participated in the studied sample they did not obtain enough information on the nutritional effects on their health (55%), they were not educated or did not self-educate to prevent the occurrence of diseases (77.5%). They did not rigorously assess the occurrence of diseases in relation to the quality of their food (96%), they did not realized that by cumulating the exogenous factors of the daily diet, environmental factors and stress from everyday life could cause irreversible transformation and inactivation of immunological mechanisms. (97.8%) Nowadays, the medicine offer the results of it researchers in the Conferences and Workshops of oncology, radiology and nutrition specialits.[4] The results obtained in the interdisciplinary context of health education in conjunction with a healthy diet for patients, with environmental and stress factors and with the use of harmful cosmetic products have led us to collusions that require the timely application of some measures regarding the introduction of a National Prevention Program on Population Nutrition, the implementation of regular Consumer Information Campaigns and the initiation of a Health Education Program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

4,4' Methylenedianiline (MDA) is utilized to produce high performance composites; however, MDA is a known carcinogen and liver toxin. The concerns over exposure to MDA have resulted in added safety measures that increase costs for manufacturing, driving the search for potential MDA replacements. Alternatives to MDA have not gained significant traction due to reduced performance, reduced confidence in the material, and they offer a small, if any, reduction in toxicity. In this paper, we present our work on developing structure-property-toxicity relationships of various substituted dianilines by examining the effect of molecular architecture on overall polymer performance and toxicity. Novel dianilines derived from both petroleum and biomass with different numbers and types of methyl and methoxy substituents on the aromatic ring were synthesized to eliminate toxicity and carcinogenic aspects of the resulting material while maintaining thermal and mechanical integrity. Structure-toxicity relationships indicate that multiple substituents on the aromatic ring are necessary to severely reduce the toxicity of the dianiline. Structure-property relationships show that methoxy groups reduce the glass transition temperature and thermal degradation temperature while methyl groups only slightly affect these properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wealth of data indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) are directly involved in carcinogenesis and that miRNA can, on their own, act as diagnostic and prognostic markers for various types of cancers, including gliomas. The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of expression profile for 10 microRNAs (miR-124, -125b, -16, -181b, -191, -21, -221, -223, -31, and -451) in surgical specimens of various hystotypes of glioimatissues vs adjacent normal tissues from the same patient (n = 77). The study identified specific microRNA expression profiles for different histotypes of tumors that are related to their degree of malignancy. We have outlined approaches to development of miRNA-based diagnostic and prognostic panel, which may be used to compensate for the lack of appropriate screening methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of XXV. Mezinárodní Vedecká Konference Soudního InZenYrství Expert Forensic Science (ExFoS) 2016 is the property of International Scientific Conference of Forensic Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Biological processes are very complex and to understand them appropriately, there is a need for an interdisciplinary knowledge from diverse research areas such as systems and molecular biology. Systems biology endeavors to study, analyze and understand intricate biological systems by applying an integrated systems view using computational methodologies. The formulation and study of such a model must also be simplified as far as possible to understand the complexity hidden in such biological phenomenon. In our study, we targeted chromosomal instability (CIN) pathway, one of the responsible pathways implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC). A few abnormalities in CIN pathway can lead to the accumulation of mutated oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Further, these mutations activate the oncogenic pathways leading to CRC pathogenesis. So our prime focus was to model CIN pathway and to perform simulation studies for analyzing the involved gene species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present poster we will explain how the development of an interoperable AI-powered application for Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) counting is addressed. We will explain the selection of the most appropriate information for early detection of distant metastasis, local recurrence and the data structure definition to be compliant with international standards and ontologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer cells have many kinds of cancer biomarkers. Among them, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors can show a possibility for a cancer marker because the over-expression of EGF receptor is related with fibrous, colorectal, cervical and gastric tumorigenesis. We fabricated the capacitance sensor with a gap area of 50 μm × 200 μm by using photolithography and lift-off method. Using the capacitance sensor, we investigated the time dependent capacitance changes of different kinds of fibrous cells, such as HT1080 fibrosarcoma, L-929 fibroblast cell line and nHDF dermal fibroblast primary cell. We found that when we put the EGF, the capacitance decreased due to the immobilization of EGF to EGF receptor on the cell membrane. The quantitative determination of EGF receptor level for various fibrous cells was carried out and the results showed good correlation with conventional method. Based on our results, we suggest that the capacitance sensor can measure the expression level of the EGF receptor on cell membrane and be a good candidate as a cancer diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal is one of the main energy sources in condition of Slovak republic. During process of gasification there is rising coal gas that presents natural part of every coal bush. Methane presents its significant element. One of the technologies for gas obtaining in situ is also underground coal gasification -- UCG. Technologies for gas obtaining from the coal layer are considered as "clean coal technologies." Despite of their using there can be contamination of every element of the living environment. By not perfect coal burning there are created also polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), many of them are toxic or they have mutagenic effects. Environmental Protection Agency USA indicates them at the list of precedence polluter; therefore there is necessity to monitor their presence at the terrestrial as well as water elements of the environment. They are entering to the environment from the natural and anthrop sources. Coal burning has most high rate during emission PAH rising (90%). Foreign sources indicate that during water and soil monitoring minor values of PAH occurred during UCG technology using. From experimental results of the underground coal gasification at Mine Cigel results that values of polluting elements in the tar sample overcame limit values. Therefore it is necessary to point to their toxicity, carcinogenic influence and total hazardousness to the living environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dextran-ferrite (DF) has been synthesized and tested as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) negative contrast agent for tumors, invasions and metastases. MRI-adaptive Magneto-thermo-chemotherapy (MTCT) by cisplatin (CP), melphalan (MP) and DF led to improved cancer treatment. MTCT by using AC magnetic field (0.88 MHz, 7.3 kA/m and 0.15 kW) was performed at early stages of oncogenesis at +46° C for 30 min using DF at a dose of 60 mg Fe/kg containing CP or MP. MTCT led to regression of adenocarcinoma Ca-755 tumor ∼45 mm3 before metastases in female mice up to 40% and increasing of life span up to 280%. As for tumor ∼300 mm3 the use of MTCT with slime aspiration and the invasions of cyclophosphamide into metastases led to 200% increased life span. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants that may lead to mutagenesis, carcinogenesis or teratogenesis. Vehicular traffic pollution is one of the important sources for PAHs in soils. Concentrations of 19 PAHs were detected in soils along nine roads in Shanghai by automatic Soxhlet extraction and high performance liquid chromatography. Concentration and spatial distribution of PAHs in surface soils beside nine target roads in Shanghai were investigated and a preliminary migration regularity of PAHs was proposed based on data analysis of Cheting Highway (NO.320 Chinese National Highway). The result showed that the total concentrations of PAHs in the target roadside soils ranged from undetectable to 34.6μg/g-dw, with a mean of 7.77μg/g-dw. In comparison with the level of PAHs in urban or suburban roadside soils, the results showed significantly that Σ PAHs concentration in roadside soils inside industrial areas was higher. The study on the migration regularity of PAHs in soils along roads demonstrated that surface runoff had a more significant effect on the PAHs transportation than air-borne transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Networks are constructed from gene expression data using a procedure that uses the maximum number of neighbors K of a vertex as a single tunable parameter. In some range of the parameter, the degree distribution of the networks shows scale-free behavior with an exponent of unity in the tails. The cumulative degree distributions for all the values of K in this range collapse together very well showing good scaling when plotted against normalized degree. Implication of this finding in understanding the biological process, especially, the origin of carcinomas, are discussed. Specifically, the present observation confirms the "biologically expected/known" result that various carcinomas are a consequence of malfunction of (a few) genes that either regulate the expression of large number of genes or form the hubs of the genetic regulatory pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]