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Corrosion, in conjunction with chemical, thermal, and stress-related factors, results in long-term issues for ships and submarines that are subjected to corrosive environments. Marine components are vulnerable to corrosion, which may lead to costly repairs. Applying coatings and subjecting aluminium components to heat treatment might successfully prevent corrosion. There has been much global research into corrosion processes, and technologies have been developed to determine the extent of corrosion damage to reinforcement. The purpose of this study is to provide a concise synopsis of corrosion prevention coatings and corrosion processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An impeller a rotating component used to increases or decreases the flow and pressure of fluids, which has wide spread applications in aircraft sector, automobile industry, medical field and power plant technology. In real time applications bronze and hardened steel impellers quickly erode when presented to destructive mediums, for example, waste water, seawater, sewage,, chlorine, bromine, and numerous chemicals. They are dependent upon cavitation and electrolysis (galvanic erosion) which rashly demolishes the impeller drastically. The corrosion is the major problem of the impeller that increases pump operating and maintenance expenses which obligated the industries to search for alternative materials. The main criterion is to select the appropriate selection of material for the impeller to resist corrosion. Materials such as Caprolone (Nylon) and ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) have been consider for the study considered which has chemical, thermal stability along with toughness and strength. The design and analysis of impeller is designed, analyzed using commercially available simulation tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, Rapid Tooling (RT) and Additive Manufacturing (AM) have been implemented in many aspects of the industry, especially in the area of new product development. The demands for short time delivery of lowcost products with various geometrical shapes show an increasing trend from year to year. With the increasing number of plastic and rubber products manufacturers as well as engineering, product fabricators, the need for low cost materials and cheap tooling, including RT has also increased. Manufacturers are sorting for new and cheap materials, both for the components as well the manufacturing techniques. The advancement of AM and RT technologies had shown drastic improvement in the technologies and the materials being processed. The replacement of pure material to metal epoxy composite with the addition of filler particle because of global demand for economical, lightweight, high performance, and wear and corrosion resistant materials. However, the tooling materials for fabrication of mold and die using RT techniques are still limited, especially on metal epoxy composite material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dry Building Mortars (DBM) are new in terms of building technology, and they sometimes substitute different kinds of concrete and mortar mixes. DBM have been successfully used in construction and their performance has been as efficient as the one of commercial mortar mixes, i.e. they boost labour efficiency, and bring down material consumption. They can be also kept in stock for a long time, and shipped with no compromise in quality. Today DBM are based on cementing components. And some famous mix mortars are based on gypsum, polymer, and some other types of cementing components which contain fine-dispersed additives of ground slag, fly ash, and raw sludge. These mix mortars are applied as smoothing, aligning, waterproof, and safety types of coverage. This article studies the possibility of involving slag cementing components in manufacturing DBM. Due to their high waterproof resistance in salt-affected water, these sorts of mixes may be used as protective coatings and plasters for concrete frames in corrosive medium. Slag Cementing Components (SCC) are hydraulic cementing agents, which harden both in water and in open air. They are produced by mixing electric-furnace slag or furnace clinkers with some solutions of alkaline metals (to trigger alkaline reaction), or by mixing together all these agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyester-glass fiber treated silane coupling agent coatings had been successfully developed to investigate the corrosion inhibition of steel by modifying Polyester-Glass Fiber as Primer coating. The Tafel polarization measurement and immersion test was done to determine the corrosion properties of the coatings with different types of loading (0-40%). Corrosion rate was declined with the addition of glass fibers at 10% of loadings which is 0.77735 mmpy, due to the addition of glass fiber-silane coupling agent acted as corrosive inhibitor. However, further increase in glass fiber loadings shows a decrement in the corrosive properties due to poor interaction between the constituents. The addition of glass fiber-silane coupling agent has great potential to combat corrosive properties in polyester primer coatings application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corrosion behaviors of heat-resistant superalloy HAYNES 120 in a simulated ash environment at 750°C and 810°C were investigated. XRD, SEM, EDS were employed to characterize the corrosion products. Results show that corrosion kinetics of experimental materials followed a parabolic corrosion law. A uniform Cr2O3 film formed on the surface of Haynes 120 without simulated ash. Only the oxide layer formed at 810°C after 1000h is spalled. The oxide layer formed in simulated ash consisted of (Mn, Ni)Cr2O4 and Fe2O3 after 75°Cand 81°C,respectively. It can be concluded Cr and Ni improved the resistance of HAYNES 120 in high temperature simulated ash environment. The Fe content in HAYNES 120 can be a restricted factor for the corrosion resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Titanium coatings are very attractive to several industrial fields, especially aeronautics, due to the enhanced corrosion resistance and wear properties as well as improved compatibility with carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) materials. Cold sprayed titanium coatings, among the others deposition processes, are finding a widespread use in high performance applications, whereas post-deposition treatments are often used to modify the microstructure of the cold-sprayed layer. Laser treatments allow one to noticeably increase the superficial properties of titanium coatings when the process parameters are properly set. On the other hand, the high heat input required to melt titanium particles may result in excessive temperature increase even in the substrate. This paper introduces a thermo-mechanical model to simulate the laser treatment effects on a cold sprayed titanium coating as well as the aluminium substrate. The proposed thermo-mechanical finite element model considers the transient temperature field due to the laser source and applied boundary conditions using them as input loads for the subsequent stress-strain analysis. Numerical outcomes highlighted the relevance of thermal gradients and thermally induced stresses and strains in promoting the damage of the coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a computational method to predict the corrosion resistance of some ironbased powder metallurgy (P/M) materials is proposed. The samples prepared from atomized iron powder and pre-alloyed iron base powders powders were the materials analyzed in this paper. The compacted samples were obtained by powder metallurgy process, respectively pressing and sintering of the mixed powders. The samples were compacted at a pressures of 400 and 600 MPa. The sintering temperature was approximately 1.150 °C. The influence of green porosity, the particle sizes, sintering time and corrosion time on properties of the analyzed samples were investigated. An increase in the sintered density of the samples was correlated with a lower porosity and smaller pore size and, as a consequence, a high corrosion resistance. Porosity, particle size and sintering time were defined as the input variables of the model. Corrosion time was used as the outputs variables of the model. It is observed that the values obtained by computational method are in good correlation with the experimental values. The viability of the computational model used is confirmed . The computational method studied in this paper can be used as an alternative to predict the corrosion resistance of some iron-based materials obtained by powder metallurgy route. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the methods of obtaining hydrides of rare earth elements such as dysprosium and neodymium. The properties and corrosion resistance of these elements are investigated. A synthesis method of monophasic dysprosium and neodymium dihydrides is presented. Synthesized dihydrides are agglomerates with an average size of 3-50 µm and are formed by crystalline grains of a nanometer size. BET specific surface area, morphology, elemental analyses and composition of samples have been studied. Corrosion stability in aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide were studied. It was determined that both hydrides undergo hydrolysis in acid and alkaline mediums. Neodymium hydride is more stable to corrosion than dysprosium hydride, which is proved by its longer exposure to aggressive medium to hydrides. The formation of insoluble /poorly soluble products of corrosion can make a significant contribution to the process of powder dissolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tungsten carbide based coating has been well known as wear and corrosion resistance materials. However, less study is done on comparing the coating with different binder. Thus, in this work the wear and corrosion behaviour of high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) coatings, namely (i) tungsten carbide cobalt and (ii) tungsten carbide nickel will be evaluated. Both coatings were characterised using X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The wear behaviour has been examined using the modified grinder machine by weight loss measurement. Two types of abrasive have been used that include 3 g by weight alumina and silica. While for the corrosion behaviour, it is monitored by three electrodes of electrochemical test and immersion test for 30 days in an acidic environment. The electrolyte used was 0.5 M sulphuric acids (H2SO4). It was found that the cobalt binder shows higher wear resistance compares to the nickel binder for both slurry types. The harder alumina compared to silica results in higher wear rate with removal of carbide and binder is about the same rate. For silica abrasive, due to slightly lower hardness compared to the carbide, the wear is dominated by binder removal followed by carbide detachment. For corrosion, the nickel binder shows four times higher wear resistance compared to the cobalt binder as expected due to its natural behaviour. These finding demonstrate that the selection of coating to be used in different application in this case, wear and corrosion shall be chosen carefully to maximize the usage of the coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FRP material has good characteristics such as light-weight, high-strength and high-corrosion resistance. Lightweight structure possesses some advantages over the rational constructing procedure such as self-building structures. In recent years, mechanical characteristics of FRP joints using bolts and/or rivet are investigated in detail, and they are used in many FRP structures. However, the bolts lack bearing strength compared with material strength and the joint needs the prepared bolt hole. In this paper, an alternative joint system for FRP structures using tapping screw is proposed and mechanical characteristics are investigated through experiment. Tapping screw has some advantages; easy-to-use, lightweight and high bearing strength. Then, the results of double-lapped tensile shear tests having one, four and eight tapping screws along longitudinal direction are shown. Moreover, it is shown that longitudinal stress distribution is approximately corresponding to the theoretical stress distribution of double-lapped adhesively bonded joints. Based on these, it is proposed that joint strength can be estimated by using the present calculation method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zn-Al-Mg-RE hot-dip alloy coatings which prepared by the environmentally friendly plating auxiliary were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM analysis and salt spray measurement. Significant variation in coating surface morphology and element content are observed with increasing content of Al and Mg in this paper. A reinforced ternary eutectic Zn-Al-MgZn2 is confirmed which attribute to improvement metallographic structure derived from certain ternary eutectic reaction in alloy solidification. For Mg-containing coatings, the enhanced corrosion resistance is observed by corrosion resistance test in salt spray at 35°C with 5% NaCl in terms of corrosion weight changes. It is found that the incorporation of 3 wt.% Mg and 0.1 wt.% rare earth element in to Zn-Al-Mg-RE bath caused structural refinement of the crystal and also helped to achieve excellent surface morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents features and heterogeneity of yielding at micro- and macro-scale levels of corrosion-resistant bimetal based on a compound of austenitic stainless steel (301 AISI) and low-carbon construction steel (A 283 Grade C) using the methods of scanning-electron, atomic force and optical microscopy. The staging of stress-strain curves was analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The local mechanical properties of the laser-welded joint of the VT1-0 titanium alloy and the 12Cr18Ni10Ti stainless steel with an intermediate copper insert are studied in the paper. It is shown that this mode provides for an intensive diffusion interaction of the materials to be joined and the copper plate, allows obtaining a smooth change in the chemical composition, and is characterized by the scatter of the mechanical properties in the bulk of the joint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work we focus on characterization of LC200N steel by back-scattering Mössbauer spectrometry (MS). This geometry was used due to high sample thickness (0.5 mm). MS is a method suitable for determination of iron compounds and their properties in steels. We investigated samples with three different thermal treatments: non-hardened, hardened, and hardened with subsequent rapid quenching. Disk-shaped samples were cut off from original rods and polished from one side. The effect of surface treatment was investigated, too. Variations in microstructure imposed by different thermal and surface treatments were unveiled by Mössbauer parameters of backscattering spectra taken from both sides of the investigated samples. In this way, differences between the original as-cut and polished surfaces of the disks were unveiled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A change in the dimensions of a specimen vs. the reference size can affect fatigue properties of a material. This phenomenon is referred to as the "size effect". The study concerned checked how this effect can influence non-alloy steels S235JR, S355J2+C and acid-resistant steel 1.4301. Two specimen sizes and two load types were tested. Selected models of the size effect were verified to estimate fatigue strength for a cross-sectional area other than the one obtained experimentally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study experimentally evaluated the effect of Sodium Nitrate inhibitor (NaNO3) of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% on NaCl 3.5% toward pitting corrosion of dissimilar metal welding joint between stainless steel AISI 304 and mild steel SS 400. Electrochemical corrosion was tested using potentiodynamic polarization. Further the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) conducted to analyze the specimen. Chemical composition analysis used Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS). The highest efficiency of sodium nitrate for ER 308 attained 63.8% and 64.89%for ER 309L. The specimen surface which observed through SEM showed decrease of pitting corrosion respectively with the addition of sodium nitrate content as inhibitor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, traditional building materials such as concrete and steel are increasingly being replaced by advanced composite materials, e.g. fiber reinforced polymers and fiber reinforced cement. It is expected that fiber reinforced composites will expand their usage in the near future due to the advantages offered by these materials, i.e. high strength, low weight, corrosion resistance, and low maintenance cost. The applications of natural fiber composites in civil engineering are mostly concentrated on non-load bearing indoor components due to its vulnerability to environmental attack. Fiber treatments are also being used to improve fiber/matrix interface. This paper is aimed to the study of thermal degradation of ultrasonic treated hemp hurds consisting of cellulose and non-cellulosic polymer components such as hemicelluloses, lignin and pectin. Thermo-gravimetric analysis is one of the thermal analysis techniques used to measure the mass change, thermal decomposition and thermal stability of cellulosic material. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under N2 atmosphere provided values of effective heat and thermo-gravimetry (TG) was used for the determination of temperatures and associated mass losses during the cellulose and non-cellulosic components degradation of original hemp hurds and ultrasonic modified samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Duplex stainless steel (DSS) is a two-phase (ferrite and austenite) material, which exhibits an attractive combination of mechanical properties and high corrosion resistance, being commonly employed for equipment of petrochemical plants, refining units and oil & gas platforms. The best properties of DSS are achieved when the phases are in equal proportions. However, exposition to high temperatures (e.g. welding process) may entail undesired consequences, such as deleterious phases precipitation (e.g. sigma, chi) and different proportion of the original phases, impairing dramatically the mechanical and corrosion properties of the material. A detailed study of the magnetic behavior of DSS microstructure with different ferrite austenite ratios and deleterious phases content was accomplished. The non destructive method evaluates the electromagnetic properties changes in the material and is capable to identify the presence of deleterious phases into DSS microstructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission regulates approximately 100 commercial nuclear power reactor facilities that contribute about 20% of the total electric energy produced in the United States. Half of these reactor facilities are over 30 years old and are approaching their original design service life. Due to economic and durability considerations, significant portions of many of the facilities were constructed with reinforced concrete, including the containment facilities, cooling towers, and foundations. While most of these concrete facilities have performed exceptionally well throughout their initial expected service life, some are beginning to exhibit different forms of concrete deterioration. In this study, acoustic emission (AE) is used to monitor two main concrete deterioration mechanisms; alkali-silica reaction (ASR) distress and corrosion of reinforcing steel. An accelerated ASR test was conducted where specimens were continuously monitored with AE. The results show that AE can detect and classify damage due to ASR distress in the specimens. AE was also used to remotely monitor active corrosion regions in a reactor facility. AE monitoring of accelerated corrosion testing was also conducted on a concrete block specimen cut from a similar reactor building. Electrochemical measurements were conducted to correlate AE activity to quantifiable corrosion measurements and to enhance capabilities for service life prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study developed an integrated (flow, voltage and temperature) micro sensor using micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology, and embedded it in high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) for local real-time measurement. This integrated micro sensor was made on a 40\im thick stainless steel substrate, and the protective layer was made of polyimide (PI) with better temperature tolerance. The proposed design has advantages of three sensing functions, compactness, acid corrosion resistance, good temperature tolerance, short response time, real-time measurement and applicability to any position. Moreover, it has good reliability after calibration, and is embedded in the high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell for local microscopic measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decades new types of concrete had developed or improved their properties. Polymer concrete is used more and more in the construction domain because it has some advantages in comparison with cement concrete, such as: high strength, corrosion resistance and rapid hardening. However, the high cost of polymer concrete is the most important disadvantage. Because of that, obtaining polymer concrete with lower prices is an important objective. Polymer concrete is a composite in which the aggregates are bound together by a resin. The use of different types of addition can reduce the costs of polymer concrete by reducing the resin content. In this study, calcareous powder is added as filler in epoxy polymer concrete. The effects of this type of addition on the properties of polymer concrete were investigated. As a result, the physical-mechanical properties, experimentally determined, were compared with the characteristics of epoxy polymer concrete without addition used as witness. For characterizing this type of polymer concrete, the physical-mechanical properties (such as density, workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength) are presented in the paper. Calcareous powder used as filler, has a good effect on the mechanical properties of epoxy polymer concrete and resulted in a reduction of epoxy resin dosage in the mix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since March 2010 the preliminary design of the ITER ICRF Antennas have been developed by CYCLE, a consortium consisting of IPP (Garching), CCFE (Culham), CEA (Cadarache), Politecnico di Torino (Torino) and LPPERM/ KMS (Brussels). This paper describes the steps taken to develop the present geometry of the triplet pair Strap Housing Module from a thermal and structural perspective, and shows the critical areas of the structure. Key issues are the manufacturability, (achieved by HIPing - Hot Isostatic Pressing), the ability to handle the radiating plasma thermal flux of 0.35 MW/m2, the RF losses and the neutronic radiation. HIPing is necessary to achieve the complicated system of cooling channels inside the structure, which divides the coolant equally in order to supply each strap in the triplet with 1 l/s of water. The components have also to withstand the strong mechanical forces generated by plasma disruptions affecting all internal structures and the elevated design cooling water pressure of 5MPa. In order to maximise reliability, joints between different materials in the cooling water system have been kept to a minimum. Therefore, in the interests of fabricability and availability, the whole structure is manufactured out of stainless steel (316L(N)IG). The low conductivity of 316L(N)IG demands small wall thicknesses to avoid hot spots; however this reduces the mechanical strength. Consequently an in depth FEM analysis is presented, which was used to find and to improve the critical aspects of this important component and was the best means of finding the optimum between thermal and mechanical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A conference paper about stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of nickel base alloys and stainless steels in pressurized water reactors (PWR) is presented. It discusses the initiation time or crack growth rate (CGR), the effect of thermal treatment on the grain boundary nanoscopic precipitation in the alloy, and the susceptibility of SCC of cold-worked austenitic stainless steel. The influence of oxygen and chromium diffusion on SCC mechanism is mentioned.

Graphite is a widely used structural material for high temperature and high vacuum applications in furnaces handling corrosive materials or plasmas. The porosity, density, dimensions, impurities along with the history of graphitization, handling and storage of graphite dictate the outgassing characteristics. Graphite plates of density 1.78 g/cc were outgassed up to 1200 °C in vacuum of the order of 5×10-5 mbar in an in-house facility. A sample of the degassed graphite was taken for Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). The TGA of the outgassed sample shows continuous weight loss in the temperature range of 200 °C to 1200 °C, indicating a much higher temperature is required for complete removal of gases. However, it may be noted that total outgassing is a function of the dimensions of the sample. The small coupon used in the TGA studies may not exactly replicate the large graphite blocks that outgases from the surface as well as from the bulk. The behaviour of graphite plates used in the liquid metal handling furnace where the graphite was finally used further confirmed this observation. The outgassing shown by the degassed graphite can be attributed to the diffusion of the absorbed gases from the bulk as well as desorption of the chemisorbed species which requires higher activation energies and higher temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser Shock Processing is developing as a key technology for the improvement of surface mechanical and corrosion resistance properties of metals due to its ability to introduce intense compressive residual stresses fields into high elastic limit materials by means of an intense laser driven shock wave generated by laser with intensities exceeding the 109 W/cm2 threshold, pulse energies in the range of 1 Joule and interaction times in the range of several ns. However, because of the relatively difficult-to-describe physics of shock wave formation in plasma following laser-matter interaction in solid state, only limited knowledge is available in the way of full comprehension and predictive assessment of the characteristic physical processes and material transformations with a specific consideration of real material properties. In the present paper, an account of the physical issues dominating the development of LSP processes from a moderately high intensity laser-matter interaction point of view is presented along with the theoretical and computational methods developed by the authors for their predictive assessment and new experimental contrast results obtained at laboratory scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corrosion, erosion and plugging of the downstream equipments by tar and ash particle and, low energy content of syngas are the main problems of biomass gasification process. This paper attempts to review the findings of literature on the effect of temperature on syngas quality, and in alleviating the tar and ash problems in the gasification process. The review of literature indicates that as the gasification temperature increases, concentration of the resulting H2 and carbon conversion efficiency increase, the amount of tar in the syngas decreases. For the same condition, CH4 and CO concentration do not show consistent trend when the feedstock and gasification process varies. These necessitate the need for conducting an experiment for a particular gasification process and feedstock to understand fully the benefits of controlling the gasification temperature. This paper also tries to propose a method to improve the syngas quality and to reduce the tar amount by using preheated air and superheated steam as a gasifying media for oil palm fronds (OPF) gasification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present aim of this study is to determine the corrosion effect of palm oil methyl ester (POME) on aluminium alloy 5083 (AA5083). The static immersion test was carried out at 60°C for 68 days according to ASTM G-31-72. The corrosion analysis was done by using weight loss method and electrochemical test. The POME was analyzed by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) to determine its functional group. The result from weight loss method shows the decreasing in weight loss of AA5083 which signifies the ability of POME to reduce corrosion rate. The electrochemical test shows the decreasing in polarization resistance, Rp while the corrosion current densities, icorr increase. The corrosion rate reduces from 2.250mpy to 0.1946mpy. The low concentration of fatty acid C18:2 and high anti oxidant element contributes to the reduction of corrosion rate of AA5083 in POME. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pack chromizing and aluminizing has been widely used for many years to improve hot temperature oxidation and corrosion resistance of metals. The coating process involves packing the steel in a powder mixture which contain aluminum and chromium source, and inert filler (usually alumina), and halide activator NH4Cl. Al and Cr were deposited onto carbon steel by pack cementation process using elemental Al and Cr powder as Al and Cr source, whereas NiCo alloys codeposited by electrodeposition. The position of Al and Cr could be under or over Ni-Co alloys deposited. Pack cementation was heated on dry inert gas at temperature 800 °C about 5 hours and 20 minute for Cr and Al respectively. Al and Cr was successfully deposited. Laying down effect of Al and Cr onto carbon steel whether up and down toward NiCo alloys coating have affected to oxidation resistance. The pack aluminizing as top layer given best resitance to restrain excessive oxide scale, in contrast pack chromizing reveal bad oxidation resistance, moreover occured spallation on layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MP35N is a Nickel-Cobalt based superalloy that currently has numerous applications at both room and elevated temperatures due to its ultra high strength, high modulus and outstanding corrosion resistance. The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) further explored the use of MP35N in cryogenic temperature applications. Currently, the material is used as a structural reinforcement component for high field pulsed magnets operating at 77 K. The NHMFL is also pursuing the application of MP35N below 77 K, such as either reinforcement or substrates for high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets operating at 4.2 K. This paper reports the tensile properties of cold-rolled and aged MP35N at room temperature, liquid nitrogen and liquid helium temperatures. Optimized fabrication methods developed by the NHMFL and H.C. Starck have improved the material's cryogenic properties with ultimate tensile strengths exceeding 2500 MPa and a modulus of elasticity higher than 200 GPa. Closer examination of the stress-strain curve reveals that the material exhibits internal stress which is attributed to the development of nanoplatelets during the fabrication process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of characteristic material structure is the important issue to understand the phenomena of corrosion. Molecular dynamic simulation has been carried out for studying the surface interaction between stainless steel and coolant material Lead-Bismuth (Pb-Bi) in several temperatures. The material with complex molecular interactions has a long simulation process that needs parallel processing in cluster system. MOLDY is an open source program which can be used to mono atomic or polyatomic in cluster computer. This paper will discuss the effect of Molybdenum (Mo) on the corrosion with Mo 2%-3% and Mo 3%-4% in several temperatures. The simulation is done between crystals steel Fe 71%, Ni 10% and Cr 16% with Mo 2%-3% and Fe 70%, Ni 10%, Cr 16% with Mo 3%-4%. The effect of increasing Mo content in crystal steel for resistance corrosion will be presented in this paper. The results of this simulation show that the phenomena of Mo with difference content on the corrosion in several temperatures. That can be used to identify whether the system has resistance corrosion or not. This simulation obtain that the surface of stainless steel by lead-bismuth Pb-Bi with Mo 3%-4% content has less corrosion than the surface of stainless steel with Mo 2%-3% content. This phenomenon has the same with the statement from experiment that the stainless steel with Mo 3%-4% content has corrosion resistance than the stainless steel with Mo 2%-3% content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this present work, we report numerical results of iron (cladding) corrosion study in interaction with lead-bismuth eutectic coolant of advanced nuclear reactors. The goal of this work is to study how the oxygen can be used to reduce the corrosion rate of cladding. The molecular dynamics method was applied to simulate corrosion process. By evaluating the diffusion coefficients, RDF functions, MSD curves of the iron and also observed the crystal structure of iron before and after oxygen injection to the coolant then we concluded that a significant and effective reduction can be achieved by issuing about 2% number of oxygen atoms to lead-bismuth eutectic coolant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]