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The city is not only a self-governing unit, but also a space in which citizens live, develop it and at the same time create values for the whole country. Understanding the city today is broader than ever. Therefore, the aim of the paper is the analysis of specific smart solutions in the conditions of Slovak cities. The emphasis is on local government and the authorities themselves - e-government. Under this heading, smart technologies will translate into better access to administrative and public services for the citizens and other target groups. The main objective of our article is to perform a heuristic analysis of the website egov.trnava.sk, which serves for the Trnava citizens as a portal of the information system and based on the selected attributes to evaluate this website and to bring recommendations for improvement of the situation. The paper consist of parts: Introduction; Methods; Results and Conclusion. The primary scientific method was the heuristic analysis of the egov.trnava.sk website, which was evaluated by the respondents based on the selected attributes. The results of the analysis are shown in the table, described verbally and then conclusions and recommendations are drawn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the years a great variety of collaborative innovation concepts and methodologies with varying names, conflicting and overlapping definitions have been presented. In this study collaborative innovation related term variations are identified by utilizing cross disciplinary literature review and snowballing sampling approaches. Visual text analysis is conducted by creating semantic network between the identified terms. The dominating terms are identified by evaluating the popularity of the scanned terms based on the number of publications associated with the terms in Web of Science (WoS) and Google Scholar (GS). As a result, a total of 97 different terms formed on the basis of 67 different words were identified. The top 20 most popular terms based on WoS and GS title search results are presented. The semantic connections between the terms are visualized including nodes sizes based on degree centrality and terms popularity as well as grouping based on Louvain method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to understand innovation dynamics in urban living labs. The study investigates 23 urban living lab cases from six cities in a Nordic country. Upon constructing a conceptual framework to analyse "anchors" and their dynamics in urban living lab networks, the study suggests several theoretical contributions to the literature on living labs. Among them, the study identified four anchors: (i) concept, (ii) location, (iii) citizen/resident, and (iv) data. These anchors follow innovation dynamics of "in situ" versus "ex situ". Second, the innovation dynamics reveal how to identify a living lab's "DNA" which offers basis for effective management of collaborative innovation processes. Beside them, the study suggests managerial contributions and suggests for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CISTI (Iberian Conference on Information Systems & Technologies / Conferência Ibérica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informação) Proceedings is the property of Conferencia Iberica de Sistemas Tecnologia de Informacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Open Government Data is data released by public organizations to enhance transparency, innovation, and participation. To realize these benefits, the obvious role of the government is to publish data while the citizen reuses it to participate in democratic process or innovate, or consumes the solutions made of. In our contribution, we refined the roles of the public actor in the data provision and the citizen in the data reuse and consumption to develop a typology. It reveals four governmental approaches to data value creation: Data over the wall, Enabler, Collaborative, and Data-driven Government. They mirror seven models with specific citizen's roles. We discuss the resulting models with the concept of common interest. This paper presents a research in progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the case of violent attacks, professional help is often unavailable for many minutes before they arrive. Citizens who are at the scene of an attack are the only ones who can react immediately. A prompt and effective response is often a key aspect that determines the number of victims. The security potential of citizens is an important part of the response and resilience of the soft target. Many citizens are aware of and accept this responsibility. They educate voluntarily for the case of a violent attack. However, they acquire this knowledge unsystematically. Our educational platform takes advantage of the multimedia form of education. It contains first-person video sequences in which the user is exposed to a violent security incident. The incident is divided into many points where the user decides what to do next. Based on these decisions, the student will see the consequences of their decisions and recommendations for improvement. User abilities and equipment are defined according to the input questionnaire. The video simulator shows the user the options he would have if he were to live in this situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Armed forces is a professional organization formally authorized by a state to use deadly force and weapons to support security and unity inside a state. One of their main tasks is assigned in war either to defend their state independence or just for political reason. Recruitment rate of military member is an important factor to ensure the sustainability of this military system. This study construct mathematical model which represent the dynamics of citizen and armed forces population in a state. The first model is a systems of time-dependent ordinary differential equation. Dynamical analysis such as existence and stability of equilibrium point are obtained. This model has periodic solution in the neighborhood of coexistence equilibrium point. The model was modified into a system of partial differential equation which is time and space-dependent.The spatial on second model is represented by diffusion which describe the dispersal of individuals in a country. Two different boundary conditions are implemented for the army population which is illustrated in numerical simulation. Diffusion term plays an important role in this model, i.e. changing the behavior of solution become asymptotically stable. Different boundary condition shows different result. Dirichlet boundary condition shows better view since it makes the solution asymptotically stability of positive equilibrium point of non-spatial model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Treaty of Maastricht, introduced the European citizenship to strengthen the existing relationship between the EU and the Member State citizens, but did not define the term. In fact, the Treaties of Maastricht and Amsterdam, although based on the two concepts of the Europe of the citizens and the European Union citizenship, establish a set of rights that are closer to the concept of citizenship in the traditional sense than to the one of the Europe of citizens. The citizenship of the European Union under the Maastricht Treaty is closely linked to the nationality of a Member State and is regarded as a first outline of a common European identity and cannot be compared with the citizenship of a state since it does establish a relationship between the citizen and the European Union regarding rights and obligations. The European citizenship is fundamentally distinct from the national one, which, by the wording of the Treaty of Amsterdam, "is completed but not replaced by the former". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Europe, embodied by the European construction, was always seen as the land of unity, the land where people are equal and their fundamental rights are guaranteed and protected. After two world wars when it has been proven that human life and human dignity could be at someone's discretion, the European leaders, hand in hand with all the leaders of the world, inspired from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, stood for universality of human rights making them a corner stone for Europe. But the last years, from this new century, marked by severe economic and social crisis, than the starting of the Syrian war, demonstrated that there are still many gaps that have to be fulfilled and the European project, actually, the European Union, is weaker and weaker, the distance between citizens and their leaders grows, and a strong crisis of authority is going on. Much more, the migration than began after the Syrian war proved that human rights are not yet so well defended as the European and non European citizens believed and a lot of measures and strategies have to be the main preoccupation for all the institutional and policies of the EU. Thus, this article deals with the main provisions of the European Agenda for Migration and the way the leaders succeeded, more or less, to apply it in order that universality of human rights to be respected and put it in the center of their politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to develop a model of ideology Pancasila education in Indonesia in order reform. This is because, from time to time Pancasila has not been shown to be effective in shaping the character of citizens and Pancasila cannot be realized in the life of the nation state as well as being the basis of the solution for resolving the problems of the nation and state of Indonesia. The approach of the research is mixed method with the dominant type of Creswell less dominant design, as well as using research methods Research and Development (R and D). The instrument was developed in the form of questionnaires, tests, interview, and observation. Analysis of data using qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis and data triangulation in the form of a percentage analysis, different test, and fath analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of life can be assessed according to a variety of indicators e.g. financial provision, access to goods and services, the quality of environmental particles etc. These indicators can be well-measurable; they are all objective ones. There are many others, such as liberty, happiness, sense of security etc. These indicators are far more difficult to measure and we call them subjective indicators. The security is one of the essential indicators of quality of life. There is no way to reduce security just to criminality but one has to take into consideration other indicators. The environment can be understood as an indicator that affects the security. For characterizing this expression, it is possible to use objective statistical indicators or the inhabitants' perception of it. The contribution is focused on a subjective perception of inhabitants who were asked questions on security and the environment. The questions fell into categories of security, law, and order, waste management, public works(roads) and environment. There have been analyzed inhabitant's attitudes based on their responses. Self-government management has to know citizens' opinion to be able to create a comfortable and secure environment and to increase inhabitants' quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

City-Zen is an interactive spatio-temporal knowledge-browsing platform that aims to valorise cultural heritages. Considering the explosive growth of information, data and knowledge sharing can ensure valuable interdisciplinary applications. While many organizations propose relevant data sets, they are hardly accessed, analysed and reused because of the formats inconsistency and the inappropriate information browsing and visualization. The goal of the project is to valorise the existing cultural heritage through a citizen centric design platform. Based on information qualities, the use case of this project involves a user willing to discover the history of a region and to embark in a cultural journey in the past. This paper exposes the main functionalities City-zen application and shows how those latest should reach the different user needs. It illustrates how historical and cultural heritage valorisation can take advantage from the advancement of new technologies, multimedia & mobile and how those technologies should promote tourism services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information and communication technologies underwent a great development in the last two decades. It did not become evident only in business sector but it reflected in everyday life of people as well. Modern technologies have fundamentally changed not only ways of work, free time spending but also administrative operations. Even the public administration has not avoided such strong impact of these advanced tendencies. In the first decade of the 21st century, thanks to the development of internet and other progressive trends, the term informatisation of public administration, internationally referred to as eGovernment, became very popular. Not only in Slovakia but also in worldwide basis it is applicable that the aim of electronic government is the increase of duty of state administration, decrease of corruption, improvement of communication within public administration itself, highlighting of transparency, deletion of void bureaucracy, simplification of citizens' contact with administrations. Thanks to eGovernment, individual states are able to provide numerous services by simplified electronic form, for example in a form of interactive cooperation or online information providing. Although the gradual application of information and communication technologies to surrounding of public administration brings financial and time savings, the course of informatisation implementation is still an imperfect process in the conditions of public administration of the Slovak Republic. Activity of public administration agencies in the sphere of electronic government is, first of all, influenced by external changes (political, legislative and economic), but also by internal changes (organisational). It is directly these changes that can be pointed as limiting factors of eGovernment development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Right to information is one of the basic political rights belonging to the main attributes of the legal state. In the Slovak Republic it is guaranteed by the Constitution of the Slovak Republic article 26 and further regulated by Act no. 211/2000 on free access to information effective since 2001. Adoption of the act which reflected in the legislation a principle anything that is not classified is open has implemented in the Slovak Republic the postulate of public administration openness. Public authorities must provide all available information except for the information which is protected as a matter of the public interest and which is explicitly excluded from declassification by the Act. The information obtained enables the public to form an opinion on performance of the public officials, action of public authorities or on overall state of the society. The citizens may later decide responsibly about further direction of the country or control the public authorities or the expenditure of public funds. Access to information contributes also to good and responsible operation of public administration, lowers the corruption risk and strengthens the trust of citizens in the state and its bodies. Despite the relatively long period of effectiveness of the Act, the public authorities still fail to meet its provisions which results from ignorance but also from unwillingness to provide requested information. The access of the public to the information guaranteed by the legislation is thus hindered. The paper focuses on theoretical knowledge about access to information based on request of the legitimate subject. Further on basis of the research performed it gathers practical experience with process of access to information as well as scope of the declassification of information by the local self-governments as the obliged subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Political parties are the engine of social life, without which citizens would not be able to express political will. According to the law of political parties, they fulfill a public mission guaranteed by the Constitution. That is why, considering the subject very current, we considered it important to analyze in this study, in the notion of political pluralism: the concept of political party but also its constitutional dimension. To this end, the study shows the view of the doctrine combined with the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper mainly tackles the consummation contract and the ways in which it forms, adjusts and helps the citizen, in the general frame of the consumer's rights. The consummation contract is a legal instrument for institutionalizing the commercial operations between a professional and the consumer. This type of instrument has been especially created to help the citizen in being adequately treated both correctly and adequately in all consummation matters. In the 20th century, the need to bring the commercial relations between professionals and citizens under regulation became imperative. Taking into account the socio-humanistic development rhythm, the consummation contact became a way of guaranteeing for the citizens' rights in consummation matters and, at the same time, it confers a legal frame to guide and direct the merchants. Since 2007, the year when Romania adhered the European Union, the consumers' rights became even more important, as the fact that the European Union focuses on the rights of all its citizens and the way in which they are treated by the merchants from a commercial point of view, was widely recognized. Once Romania adhered to a commercial frame which embeds over 500 million inhabitants, the dimension of the rights and obligations regarding consummation became an ever stronger argument in bringing the legislation under regulation. Eventually, clarifying the principles that founded the consummation contract will determine the legal frame in which it revolves and will bring to light the utility it has for the citizens, its subsequent employments and all things that should be further added to it in order to ensure an even better protection and settlement, in legal terms, of the commercial relations between a merchant and one or more citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the conception of the National Security Strategy of Romania-SSNR, every citizen must be protected Rumanian legitimate risks and threats that endanger the rights and fundamental freedoms, values and vital national interests and the bases existence Romanian state. Like other classification systems, security risks non-military dress and the political, social, economic and environmental. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The foundation of the state is the citizen – the man who has renounced a part of his „natural” freedoms and rights in exchange for the protection of the state through its coercive force. Morals and public shame no were no longer sufficient in times when desires of wealth dominated every social restriction. That is why the state created its administration: so as to execute and to organise the execution of the laws replacing morals and to protect the laws with its force. However, the state must never forget that the social pact form which it spawned is based on the respect given to the citizen and its counsel. That is why the public administration has to give the citizen the opportunity to participate to the government by informing him to the „state affairs” and by calling the citizen to help „reinvent the state” through his suggestions and projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Democracy implies full maturity of the government, institutions, state, civil society. A successful democracy implies the state to have the capacity to face all technical and political challenges and to take responsibilities and commit for the citizens, who have the right and the duty to judge the governmental activity and condemn its errors. This paper presents the evolution of the Romanian democracy from the perspective of the fundamental judicial rules and to analyze the concept of electronic democracy in Romania's development stage nowadays. The last part of the paper points out the advantages and disadvantages of the e-democracy and it explains the causes of the impact caused by communication, mass media, unconventional means of communication on the process of electoral, political and civil participation of the citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large-scale crises challenge the ability of public safety and security organisations to respond efficient and effectively. Meanwhile, citizens' adoption of mobile technology and rich social media services is dramatically changing the way crisis responses develop. Empowered by new communication media (smartphones, text messaging, internet-based applications and social media), citizens are the in situ first sensors. However, this entire social media arena is unchartered territory to most public safety and security organisations. In this paper, we analyse crisis events to draw narratives on social media relevance and describe how public safety and security organisations are increasingly aware of social media's added value proposition in times of crisis. A set of critical success indicators to address the process of adopting social media is identified, so that social media information is rapidly transformed into actionable intelligence, thus enhancing the effectiveness of public safety and security organisations — saving time, money and lives. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In general terms, this paper seeks to examine some aspects of both individual and organisational learning that took place in a company in Vietnam. As CEO, my personal concern from the very beginning when I established the company was how to manage the company and keep it going for the next one hundred years or more. Consequently, I was extremely concerned with strategic issues and sought to relate these to the development of the organisation via a commitment to organisational learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In general terms, this paper seeks to examine some aspects of both individual and organisational learning that took place in a company in Vietnam. As CEO, my personal concern from the very beginning when I established the company was how to manage the company and keep it going for the next one hundred years or more. Consequently, I was extremely concerned with strategic issues and sought to relate these to the development of the organisation via a commitment to organisational learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citizens right to information, benficiary of administrtive reform represents a major concern both in government programs and in citizens expectations. The topic discussed may have a significant impact and to provoke the interest to specialists of Legal and Administration Science, students, politicians and public officials or civil society through nongovernmental organizations that are militating for the compliance of this right on national level, and by organizational entities that monitor the protection and enforcement of the law worldwide to follow the citizen's right to information, on international level. The right to information is premise not only for national objective, to accept the information, but also its exigency to request quality information corresponding to the principles of truth and fairness, with the consequence of state duty, to provide the legal and material support necessary to achieve free access to all the public interest information. The strong points of an informative collaboration between the administration and citizens would be: the consensus and unanimous cooperation especially at the local level, transmitted afterwards to the central structures, responsible and convenient decision making to both parties, stimulation of the direct dialogue between public administration representatives and citizens through which shall be made known another points of view taken in the debate, the corollary which represents the transparency in the decision act made by decision makers from public administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the challenges that face the widespread adoption of E-government in Saudi Arabia. Will be using the Saudi Arabian experience as our main case study, E-government can be defined based on an existing set of requirements. In this paper we define E-government as a matrix of stakeholders; governments to governments, governments to business and governments to citizens using information and communications technology to deliver and consume services. However, E-government has been implemented for a considerable time in developed countries. However E-government still faces many challenges to be implemented in developing countries such as Saudi Arabia. Adopting E-government among citizens is a big challenge that facing the government of Saudi Arabia. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper, the commonplace phenomenon of internet social networking is examined in terms of its relationship with government-citizen relations. While both the practice of social networking and press statements about democratic governments' daunting task of controlling citizens' malicious social networking activities are real, they are yet under-researched in e-government research. This absence of a conceptualisation of these relationships creates concern about what the future holds for government-citizen relations. The paper, therefore, takes up this challenge and conceptualises the relationships in terms of technology, information, citizen and economic constructs. By the model, the paper shows that emerging internet-based mechanisms of engagement in socio-political discourse within national entities continue to present a worrying challenge to democratic governance systems in place. It predicts, however, that democratic governments will use the selfsame internet technologies to curtail the freedoms of their citizens, and to regain some of the control lost to citizens according to their aspirations for state autonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of our study is to identify and describe how the participatory democracy instruments have been regulated by the law of certain states in Europe. These instruments have been designed in order to give the citizens the possibility to participate to the life of the City on a regular basis, not just every now and then, especially during the election. We will analyze in our study a set of instruments of participatory democracy, such as: the national referendum, the local referendum, the petitionary matters, the local councils, the consultative committees, and the e-democracy. All these instruments are successfully used in a number of states with consolidated democracies. Another chapter in the study is dedicated to the way in which local participative democracy works in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of information and communication technologies has reached all sectors of society. No doubt that the smallest unit of society, the family, has been tremendously affected by these changes. The impact of technology has been directed to the family as they consume the innovation every minute of their lives. As such, it is important to examine how communication technology has affected the quality of communications and lives of people. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The principle of decisional transparency is one of the principles of good administration, fundamental principles of public administration and it is enshrined in the law of many European Union member states, including our country. In their work the public authorities must show transparency reflected by the active involvement of citizens in administrative decision as its primary beneficiary. The citizen information, consultation and his stimulation to participate actively in the elaboration of draft normative acts for their preparation and before that by bringing them to public knowledge, are tasks of the public authorities which exceed the limit of the obligations imposed by internal rules and are significant efforts to modernize the public administration and rallying to the administrative structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are some success stories in eGovernment in South Africa. The South African Revenue Services (SARS) e-filling was created in 2003 and proved to be successful. The successful application and conversion from proprietary software to open source for National Traffic Information Systems (eNaTIS) is another. In a previous paper, Trusler (2003) argues that EGovernment in South Africa has a particularly important historical and social context due to the previous dispensation. He noted that as a result, a ten year eGovernment implementation horizon has been created from tested world-wide practices. From the examples mentioned above it is clear that the plan is not being realised. The result is that a gap is appearing between what the policy says should be happening and what is actually happening. This paper examines what has been done and what can be done to increase service delivery and to encourage citizen participation through an efficient ICT structure. It ends with some guidelines on what could help the situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Young people become involved in high school journalism for a variety of reasons. They may want to develop their own writing skills or share an extracurricular activity with friends, or they may wish to see their names in print. Once involved, high school journalists become socialized into an understanding of the role of journalism within their immediate school setting and, to some extent, they are socialized into an understanding of journalism's role in society at large. But what do they gain from this socialization? Based on in-depth interviews with 15 young people actively engaged in high school journalism at four different schools, this article provides a preliminary report of how young people from differing socio-economic backgrounds define their journalism work in relation to ideals of journalism, citizenship, and the public realm. The article explores the ways in which young people discuss the motivations that make high school journalism a meaningful pursuit for them, concluding that high school journalism provides an excellent source of preparation for engagement in citizenship and public good. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today there are numerous electronic services accessible through computers. Most of them are connected to buying and selling goods, but there are also services provided by public sector organizations. The development of these services - called e-services - involves a number of actors. The e-services may be information oriented in the beginning but allow transaction processing and more complex transactions in the future. The argument here is that it is not the sophistication of technology that is critical here; it is the added value of the services as seen by the user which is in a central role in the adoption of e-services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I use ethnographic data to examine how changes in neoliberal welfare programs limit the practices and meanings agency personnel enact in their work, and minimize the access of poor mothers to rhetorical and institutional resources for making claims on the state. I show how the program’s focus on individual participation in agency sponsored activities brackets the experiences of poor mothers in social relations outside the agency. This rhetorical move allows agency managers to frame the agency’s program as an emancipatory project by obscuring how the program contributes to the decline in the labor market conditions faced by those parents it moves into the workforce. And it reduces the bases upon which women can justify claims for support by obscuring their contributions in prior wage work and in areas outside of wage work. I also show how the concurrent relocation of welfare provision from its prior place within the public domain to an intermediate position straddling the private public divide further alters the social relations between poor women and the state by diminishing the rhetorical power of the notion of citizenship as standing, and by limiting the kinds of actions welfare agencies can accomplish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have demonstrated a strong empirical relationship between political discussion and political knowledge. However, as of yet there has been no clear discussion or demonstration of how political discussion translates into increased political knowledge. The present study proposes three explanations -- exposure (similar to the two step flow), anticipatory elaboration (linking work on uses and gratifications and news information processing), and discussion-generated elaboration (focusing on how discussion itself can influence information processing) -- for this observed empirical relationship. In order to test these three explanations, data from the 2000 American National Election Study and a local community survey during the 1996 presidential election were employed. Findings suggest that the direct relationship between discussion and knowledge may be mediated through motivations and information processing behaviors. These findings support the anticipatory elaboration and discussion-generated elaboration explanations while questioning the exposure explanation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the citizen reporter system, a unique phenomenon in the Korean media environment. The citizen reporter system is based not on professional reporters? coverage but on ordinary citizens? voluntary participation and engagement in the production of news. Through an e-mail survey and textual analysis of Web sites, the paper investigates how six online newspapers in Korea utilize this system and describes their main characteristics. It also analyzes the problems and limitations of the citizen engagement in news production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citizen participation in developing technology policy is a concern worldwide, to citizens, scientists, and policy makers. Participation processes are problematic, and some question whether citizens can effectively participate in highly technical issue deliberation, or participate in democratic deliberation effectively at all. Technology policy also requires national-level discussion, and that the Internet might be used for such broad scale dialogue is also an interest. This article discusses these issues in context of how public deliberation might be measured, and presents an example of such a measurement taken from a study of Internet-mediated citizen deliberation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a critical case study of a corpus of 34 media texts dealing with Hurricane Katrina and the use of the word 'refugee' within those texts. These texts are drawn from print, television and radio sources, and represent the way in which language-use became a site of struggle and contestation in a mediatized public debate over the meaning of a single word, 'refugee.' From the perspective of folk linguistics and critical discourse analysis, this paper looks at the way people's talk about language-use and the meanings of words can reveal their ideological beliefs both about the role of language in society and about wider political and social categories. It demonstrates the ways in which everyday language-use in media coverage of Hurricane Katrina constructed an understanding of 'refugee' that was both problematic and contested, while it also revealed popular understandings of the category 'citizen.' These categories then became a way for people to talk about issues of racism and poverty in the context of the natural disaster, and a successful (in some ways) challenge to media practices that usually silence and obscure such issues. Drawing on theories of globalization, migration and mobility, this study connects the local-level meaning-making surrounding Hurricane Katrina to global discourses of refugees in particular and human mobility in general. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]