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The number of students who smoke cigarettes continues increase, in line with achievement industrial target of tobacco products. The aim of this study is to determine factors that cause students who do not smoke susceptible to smoking (SS) in the future. This information will direct tobacco control prevention programs. A cross-sectional survey data from 148 schools and 379 classrooms, total 9922 eligible students in grades 7-12. Simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to factor associated with SS among never smoking students. Descriptive statistics, and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were reported. There were 5863 students who do not smoke of whom 454 SS; girls 78.25% and 58% were grade 7-9. The students who; were boys (OR=1.55, p<0.001), thought cigarettes not harmful (OR=3,79, p<0.001), current use e-cigarettes (OR=3.62, p<0.001), current consumes shisha (OR=2.92, p<0.001), ever got free cigarette/ voucher (OR=2.46, p<0.001), thought safe to smoke only one or two years and quit (OR=2.12, p<0.001), have item of tobacco product (OR=1.8, p<0.001), exposed cigarette advertisement/ promotion at music concert (OR=1.72, p<0.001), thought smoking helps people feel more comfortable (OR=1.66, p<0.001), thought Second Hand Smoke (SHS) are not harmful (OR=1.5, p<0.001), exposed SHS in public places (OR=1.46, p<0.001), exposed to cigarettes advertisement in internet/social media (OR=1.3, p<0.015). Factors that influence students not to smoke susceptible to smoking cigarettes are students who; lack of knowledge the dangers of tobacco consumption, currently use e-cigarettes, currently consumes shisha, exposed of cigarette advertising and promotion, and exposed to SHS in public places. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research indicates that exposure to advertising for natural cigarette brands such as Natural American Spirit (NAS) results in erroneous beliefs that these products are healthier than traditional cigarettes. In 2017, Santa Fe Natural Tobacco Company agreed to remove "natural" and "additive-free" from NAS advertisements; however, "natural" will stay in the NAS name, and terms including "organic" and "tobacco and water" remain permissible, causing concern for public health advocates looking for stronger policy action from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Despite the importance of policy action, few studies have examined whether product advertising affects support for related policy. Here, results of a randomized experiment (n = 1,128) exploring the effects of exposure to NAS advertising content show that exposure reduced support for policies restricting misleading terminology in natural cigarette advertising. Further, misinformed beliefs about the healthy composition of these cigarettes negatively predicted policy support and partially mediated effects of exposure on policy support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a study examining the effect of celebrity endorsement and health claims. It mentions that the exposure to television e-cigarette advertisments among youth and young adults has been rapidly growing; and the main marketing avenue for e-cigarettes besides television is the Internet, including webpages, social networks, and video-sharing sites.

This research examines the indirect effects of smoking-related media messages on adolescents' smoking intentions through perceived descriptive and injunctive norms. It investigates a broad spectrum of media messages including anti-smoking ads, cigarette ads, and smoking scenes in movies and TV shows. Analysis of the LMTS-III data showed that perceived prevalence of peer smoking (descriptive norms) and perceived peer approval of smoking (injunctive norms) were important mediators in the relationships between exposure to smoking-related media messages and youths' smoking intentions. The revealed mediated relationships suggest a series of complex mechanisms underlying media influence, which are only partially consistent with our expectations. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research using cognitive and persuasive measures posits that traditional Blame anti-tobacco advertisements that conceptualize smoking problems and consequences as caused by the individual are superior to the new Attack ads that challenge the institutions behind tobacco products. The current study utilizes Lang's Limited Capacity Model of Motivated Mediated Message Processing (LC4MP) to examine Attack vs. Blame and high vs. low Message Sensation Value (MSV) anti-tobacco ads as well as individual Motivation Activation as a possible influence of what parts of incoming information are encoded and stored. A total of 226 participants took part in a 2 (Message Type: Blame/Attack) X 2 (Message Sensation Value: low/high) X 2 (Positivity Offset: low/high) X 2 (Negativity Bias: low/high) repeated measures experiment. Findings suggest that high MSV Attack ads - like those used by the national Truth campaign - are more effective than Blame ads in terms of encoding (STRTs, Response Latency, Recognition Memory). ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzes the externalities of cigarette advertising in the United States. Health Impact of cigarette advertising and smoking on Blacks; Use of secondary research and interdisciplinary sources of knowledge; Discussion of macro-marketing analysis and policy analysis.

Research Question Despite becoming law in 2009, the inclusion of pictorial warnings on cigarette packages and advertisements has been delayed by lawsuits contending that graphic pictorial warnings (GPWs) negatively impact purchase intentions for cigarette products and perceptions of cigarette advertisers. However, prior research suggests that consumers may desire to have warning information (e.g., Peters et al. 2006) and may favorably evaluate companies that address consumer welfare and safety concerns (Torres, Sierra, and Heiser 2007). The purpose of our research is to examine the effects of GPWs on consumer evaluations of both the product and the advertiser. We posit that such warnings may reinforce the social contract (Donaldson 1982; Torres, Sierra, and Heiser 2007) between cigarette marketers and consumers and lead to more favorable evaluations of cigarette advertisers but negatively impact consumer evaluations of cigarette brands. Thus, our research examines the distinct effects of GPWs on product-related evaluations such as purchase intentions and evaluations of product advertisers. Method and Data Participants were drawn from an online subject pool (N = 285; Mage = 29) and randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions in which two of the newly mandated warning statements (FSPTCA 2009) and the presence or absence of the accompanying pictorial warning was manipulated. The dependent variables of interest in our study included motivation to stop smoking, purchase intentions, personal relevance of the ad, perceived social responsibility of the tobacco advertiser, evoked negative affect, and perceived corporate trustworthiness. Summary of Findings Analyses of variance were performed and results indicate that the inclusion of high graphic level pictorial warning disclosures engender stronger motivations to stop smoking and lead to a decrease in purchase intention for the advertised product. We also find that high graphic level pictorial warnings positively influence consumer's perceptions of the advertisement's personal relevance and perceptions of the advertiser's social responsibility. These effects were mediated by negative affect and perceptions of corporate trustworthiness. Findings also indicate that consumers express less favorable evaluations (e.g., trustworthiness) of advertisers when low-graphic warnings are displayed in conjunction with the cigarette advertisement. Key Contributions The present research provides insight into the cigarette health warning and corporate social responsibility literatures. We find that high graphic level warning disclosures embedded within cigarette advertisements lead to smoking cessation outcomes but positively influence consumers' evaluations of the advertiser. These finding are particularly interesting given that cigarette manufacturers have begun to produce smokeless tobacco products such as chew and snus and alternative cigarette products such as electronic cigarettes. In particular, our findings suggest that high level GPWs embedded within cigarette advertisements may produce favorable downstream consequences for tobacco advertisers, many of which have begun to shift their focus to "less harmful" tobacco products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the case of the introduction of Tonino Lamborghini cigarettes to demonstrate the important obligations of the World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control that have not been fulfilled in South Korea. It discusses the use of licensing as a marketing and advertising strategy, and the price of cigarettes in the country.

An abstract of a study which investigated how the inclusion of federally mandated warning statements and pictorial warning messages embedded within cigarette advertisements influence motivation to quit in the U.S. is presented.

It is well documented that smoking constitutes profound health and safety risks. Tobacco use claims over 400,000 lives each year, and the harmful effects of tobacco have been widely publicized and studied (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, hereafter DHHS 1984, 2000). Of increasing concern is tobacco consumption among children. Alarmingly, approximately 80 percent of tobacco users commence use before age 18 (DHHS 1994). Current youth usage of tobacco products ranges from 12.8 percent among middle school students to 34.8 percent among high schoolers (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000). And, as smoking is occurring at younger and younger ages, social marketers and public health educators are faced with the challenge of reaching children as young as kindergarten age with anti-smoking messages (Hahn, Hall, Rayens, and Butt 2000). Obviously, reducing youth consumption of and access to tobacco products is a key public health concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An abstract of the article "Zero-Sum Game: The Impact of Counterpersuasive Messaging on Tobacco Warning Effectiveness," by Cassandra Davis and Scot Burton is presented.

The cigarette industry continues to target Blacks through advertising and promotions. Authentic cultural cues such as hip-hop content have recently been used to promote cigarettes to Blacks. This study examines whether these images can instead be useful in anti-smoking public service advertisements (PSA) to change smoking-related attitudes. Black ethnic identity was measured to examine whether the PSAs were more effective for Blacks higher in ethnic identity relative to Blacks lower in ethnic identity. Results indicate that after exposure to an anti-smoking PSA, higher ethnic identity Blacks reported more negative feelings toward the cigarette industry and a lower intention to smoke in the coming year, relative to those with a lower ethnic identity. Higher ethnic identity Blacks also perceived themselves to be the target of a Black character PSA more so than Blacks with a weaker ethnic identity. Implications for health communication researchers are discussed. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite voluntary restrictions prohibiting direct and indirect cigarette marketing to youth and paid product placement, tobacco use remains prevalent in contemporary movies. Research shows that movies typically portray smoking as a predominantly positive, adult behavior while rarely depicting the adverse health consequences as-sociated with smoking. Further, viewing movie smoking enhances viewers' percep-tions about smoking and smokers and has a dose-response relationship with ado-lescent smoking initiation. However, exposure to antismoking public service an-nouncements immediately before watching movie smoking seems to blunt the film content congruent perceptual shifts. We argue that these emerging trends can best be understood within the framework of exemplification theory. The data at hand, we speculate, suggests that individual differences such as personality may moderate smoking exemplar sensitivity among adolescents. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents an abstract of the paper 'The Role of Cigarette Warning in Advertising: Understanding How They Work, Prospects for the Future,' by Dean M. Krugman. Richard J. fox, James E. Fletcher and Paul M. Fischer, presented at the 1999 Winter Educators' Conference of the American Marketing Association.