Search

Osmosis membranes have been widely used in industries for water purification, wastewater treatment, and biomedical applications. However, the current membranes still have some drawbacks, such as water flow resistance and vulnerability to fouling. Therefore, the development of more efficient and durable osmosis membranes is highly necessary. In this research, the researchers used bacterial nanocellulose extracted from Sargassum sp. as a material for producing more efficient osmosis membranes. The methods used in this study were experiments with two treatments: (1) control, and (2) Bacterial cellulose with a concentration of 1.0 wt% CuO nanoparticles. The nanocellulose was produced using a high-pressure homogenizer, followed by the synthesis of acetate nanocellulose and characterization of the nanocomposite membrane functionalized with CuO nanoparticles. The membranes were characterized using FTIR and XRD analysis. Bacterial cellulose from seaweed was successfully formed with a thickness of 1-3 cm. The results of the characterization analysis showed that the formed bacterial cellulose belonged to Cellulose type I with a crystalline degree ranging from 88.7% to 85.7%. The dry osmosis membranes were analyzed based on their functional groups using FTIR. The analysis revealed changes in transmittance at the peaks of O-H at wavenumbers 3122-3414 and Cu-O at wavenumber 424-673, resulting from the addition of CuO nanoparticles and causing changes in the value of the O-H bond in bacterial cellulose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world consumes a lot of sea algae (seaweed). Seaweed is one of the abundant and easily available biological resources in Indonesian waters. There are a number of seaweeds, including brown seaweed, that can be eaten by people. These plants have a variety of possible biological actions and include significant phytochemical components. Brown seaweed or Sargassum Sp. is one type of seaweed which is a biological resources that is widely found in Indonesian waters and contains several secondary metabolites that have the potential as a source of natural antioxidants. The present study investigated the presence of phytochemical constituents, physochemical properties and antioxidant activity using the DPPH method (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). Brown seaweed from the Thousand I, Jakarta slands was extracted by maceration method using ethanol (96%) as solvent. The results showed water content(19.24%), ash content (77.72%), volatile matter (25.46%), silica content (3.02%), lignin content (26.99%) and cellulose content (14.20%). The phytochemical analysis showed the extract of Sargassum Sp. only contain of flavonoid compound. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity of the extract seaweed could reached 7.97 (µg/mL) value which indicates a very strong activity of antioxidant activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the petroleum industry, sweet corrosion is the most severe corrosion concern for steel-based crude oil transportation pipelines. It is a type of severe localized corrosion caused by the aqueous phase of petroleum, consisting of CO2 gas dissolved in the saline drilling fluid. Inhibitors are compounds that prevent corrosion on the surface of metals used in the oil and gas industry. The inhibitor is adsorbed on the surface of the metal, generating a thin protective coating. Due to increasing awareness of the environment, various research about green corrosion inhibitors using plant extract was developed. Plant extracts are abundant, inexpensive, less or nontoxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible, so the study of corrosion prevention, particularly on mild steel, utilizing plant-based corrosion inhibitors is of great interest. Seaweed (Sargassum polycystum) extract was used to reduce the corrosion of mild steel in a CO2 environment. The seaweed was dried (100 g) and extracted using ethanol (900 ml). Then the extract was evaporated and used as a corrosion inhibitor. Tafel polarization test was conducted using the Gamry instrument. The polarization test was carried out at 30, 40, and 50°C; the inhibitor variations were performed at 100, 200, 300, and 400 ppm in CO2-saturated 3.5% NaCl solution. The addition of 400 ppm seaweed extract reduces the corrosion rate of mild steel with the highest efficiency of 87% at 40°C. The difference in potential corrosion (Ecorr) after adding seaweed extract below 85 mV indicated that the extract is a mixed-type inhibitor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Haemonchosis is a parasitic disease that results in severe anemia, and acute disease outbreaks leading to economic losses. It is the role of the pathogenic nematode parasite found in sheep's abomasum, Haemonchus contortus, which is frequently eradicated by administration of bio-compounds with anthelmintic action, such as tropical marine vegetation. The study is aimed to investigate the in vitro anthelmintic activity of tropical macroalgae Ulva spp., which is commonly found in the south of Java Island, Indonesia, against H. contortus. The water-based infusion of freeze-dried Ulva spp. samples were tested at a concentration of 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% dry matter based (w/v) respectively in a total volume of 5 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride into the petri dishes, and 0.5 mg/mL of albendazole as a positive control. The results showed that the water-based Ulva spp. extract significantly inhibited the motility of the adult worms by 4% and 6% (w/v). Nevertheless, neither 4% nor 6% has matched the efficacy of albendazole. There was a negative correlation (P = 0.0001) between the number of live worms (y) and the concentration (x) of Ulva's infusion (r = -0.3468) with regression equation y = 97.71–3.645x. It was revealed that as concentration increased, the proportion of living worms decreased. This study showed L, a*, and b* color value coordinates of Ulva were 49.4,-9.05, and 18.58, respectively. The freeze-drying can maintain the natural green color of Ulva spp. These findings indicate that the water-based Ulva spp. the extract has the potential to be employed as a bio-anthelmintic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results obtained from the analyses performed on seaweed and paper made with algal biomass addition using different analytical techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) and the ion beam analysis (IBA) techniques Particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and gamma-ray emission (PIGE). The analyzed samples consisted of seaweed from the Ulva rigida C. Agardh 1823 species collected from the Black Sea coast, Romania, and filter papers with different mass addition (0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8%) of seaweed. Seaweed introduced into the paper can dislodge some of the cellulose fibers, helping to reduce the amount of stranded seaweed that is currently not valorized in Romania. From the analysis of the results, it results that no potential toxic elements have been identified in the algae structure and the algal biomass could be used in the filter paper manufacture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to determine the biodiversity and community structure (species composition, richness, diversity, evenness, dominance and clustering) of macroalgae found in Tanjung Merah waters, Rap-rap waters and Totok Bay, North Sulawesi Indonesia. The line transect method was used to identify and quantify the macroalgae abounding the three established stations divided into three transects each site. Species richness, diversity, evenness and dominance indices were calculated to determine diversity of macroalgae along the study area. A total of 16 different species of macroalgae were identified in the study area belonging Rhodophyta (Rhodomelaceae, Lithophyllaceae, Gracilariaceae, Galaxauraceae, Cystocloniaceae, Halymeniaceae), Phaeophyta (Dictyotaceae) and Chlorophyta (Codiaceae, Caulerpaceae, Halimedaceae, Ulvaceae, Dasycladaceae, Cladophoraceae). The most abundant macroalgae species across the three sites were: Halimeda opuntia (Tanjung Merah and Totok Bay), and Halimeda macroloba (Rap-rap). The macroalgae species identified also has different densities ranging from 0.03 to 5.93 /m2. Green macroalgae Halimeda macroloba had the highest density, and Codium fragile, Chaetomorpha crassa, Caulerpa racemosa and Hypnea cervicornis had the lowest density. Species richness index, diversity index, evenness index and dominance index were calculated to determine diversity of macroalgae along the study area. Tanjung Merah obtained the highest species richness and Totok Bay obtained the lowest species richness. On the other hand, Totok Bay recorded the highest diversity and Rap-rap recorded the lowest diversity. Evenness index was highest at Totok Bay, while the lowest was at Rap-rap. The dominance index was the highest at Rap-rap, while the lowest at Tanjung Merah. The three sampling sites are divided into 3 groups based on an abundance of 16 species of macroalgae. The three groups are Group I (Tanjung Merah), Group II (Rap-rap), and Group III (Totok Bay). Apparently, the three site groups are related to the type of sediment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Naturally, seaweed has a high arsenic content due to the arsenic bioaccumulation process. Until now, research on arsenic in seaweed has reached the stage of identifying the types of arsenic. One of the critical points in the arsenic speciation method in seaweed is the arsenic extraction stage. The extraction process of arsenic in seaweed is influenced by several factors, including the time of sonication exposure and the number of treatments in the extraction process. This process will be different for each type of seaweed due to differences in cell wall composition. This research is an early stage in conducting arsenic speciation. The purpose of this study was to determine the time of sonication exposure and the number of treatments that were most efficient in extracting arsenic in seaweed species Eucheuma cottoni, Eucheuma spinosum, and Gracilaria sp. In the number of treatments, the extraction process was carried out with five treatment levels (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5), with the maximum extraction percent value was obtained in the fifth treatment for the three types of seaweed. The sonication time factor was carried out at three treatment levels (5, 10, 15 minutes), with the most optimal extraction percent value was obtained at 10 minutes for E. spinosum and Gracilaria sp. Meanwhile, E. cottoni got the most optimal time at the third level (15 minutes). Under these conditions, the extraction process resulted in the percentage of arsenic extraction of 32.58% (Gracilaria sp.), 44.54% (E. spinosum), and 46.41% (E. cottoni). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seaweed is one of the important biological resources found in coastal and marine regions. One of the main products derived from seaweed is carrageenan. In this work, the carrageenan was extracted from the seaweed using alkaline solution. Two types of bases were used as the extracting solution, namely NaOH and KOH solutions. The extraction results showed that the use of KOH solution resulted in a higher carrageenan yield than that extracted using NaOH solution. It was also found that the carrageenan yield was increasing with the increase of the basic solution volume to mass of the seaweed ratio. The highest carrageenan yield of about 33.4% was obtained using KOH solution at solvent volume to seaweed mass ratio of 45 ml/g. The rheological measurement showed that the rheological behavior fitted best to the Power Law model. Meanwhile, the carrageenan extracted using NaOH solution demonstrated higher antioxidant activity. The highest percentage of DPPH radical scavenging activity of the carrageenan extract was 60.7%, while the IC50 values were in the ranges of 0.2 – 30 ppm indicating a potent antioxidant activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural tourism activities that are being developed by the Gunungkidul Government can threaten the sustainability of coastal habitats particularly seaweeds population. Before it was damaged or even extinct, research on seaweeds on the southern coast of Gunungkidul was important. This research was conducted on two coasts that have the potential to become conservation areas, which were Porok and Greweng Coasts. Selection of sample sites followed a strategy designed to cover a diverse range the accessible sites on both coasts. Samples were collected by hand-picked during low tide, preserved as a wet herbarium and identified in the Plant Systematics Laboratory of the Faculty of Biology UGM. Data are presented as a checklist comprise of the taxonomic identity and key character including in-situ image of each species. Comparison of population structure and composition was carried out based on the Sorensen Index. Our results showed that there were 21 seaweed species of Porok consisting of 5 Chlorophyceae, 5 Phaeophyceae, 11 Rhodophyceae and 11 seaweed species of Greweng consisting of 3 Chlorophyceae, 2 Phaeophyceae, and 6 Rhodophyceae. The results indicated that the structure and composition of seaweeds population in the study area which were compared had a low similarity value of 44 %. Data displays a low level of similarity, so it is assumed that the structure and composition of seaweed on the southern coast of Gunungkidul be different. This means that each coast in Gunungkidul has different habitat status, so that a comprehensive data of seaweed diversity in all regions is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodiesel from microalgae as a third-generation fuel is promising due to its sustainability and eco-friendly energy source. The objective of this study was comparing conversion of lipid from microalgae Botryococcus braunii mutated with UV-B using esterification, transesterification and combination of esterification-transesterification processes. In this study, Ultraviolet (UV-B) light was used to perform mutation of microalgae. It was used to damage the cell walls of microorganism. The conversion of lipid to biodiesel from UV-mutated and native microalgae using esterification method were 2.05% and 1.11%, respectively, under 1 : 10 molar ratio of algae lipid and methanol at 60°C, 1.5% w/w H2SO4, 200 rpm stirring speed for 2 h. Transesterification method did not produce biodiesel under 1 : 7 molar ratio of algae lipid and methanol with 0.5% w/w NaOH catalyst at 60°C, 200 rpm stirring speed for 1 h. Furthermore, the combination esterification-transesterification method resulted in 24.82% and 3.87% yield for mutated and native algae, respectively. In the first stage, esterification of the mutated and native algae decreased acid value from 24.13 to 0.567 mg KOH/g and from 23.21 to 0.486 mg KOH/g, respectively, under 1 : 8 molar ratio of algae lipid and methanol, 1.5% w/w H2SO4 catalyst, 60oC, 400 rpm stirring speed for 2 h. The next stage of transesterification was conducted at a molar ratio of 9 : 1, 0.75% wt KOH catalyst concentration, 65°C at 600 rpm for 1 h. The results showed that combination esterification-transesterification was the best method to convert lipid to biodiesel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semi-sterile culture is an initial maintenance stage that is essential to be optimized to get sterile seaweed explants (axenic explants). The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of using culture media on the weight gainand survival rate of the Gracilaria salicornia seaweed (parental) in semi-sterile culture. This research was conducted at Tissue Culture Laboratory of Lombok Marine Aquaculture Center, Sekotong, West Nusa Tenggara. The study was carried out using three different media treatments such as Provasoli Enriched Seawater (PES), hydroponic, and Steril Sea Water (SSW) as controls. The results showed that hydroponic media have the highest average weight and survival rate of G. salicornia (48.76 g and 99.75%). The results were not significantly different from SSW media but were significantly different from PES media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brown algae is known to produce several phytohormons. Therefore, it could be develop as an important biostimulant for growth of agriculture and horticultural plants. Action of biostimulant depends on optimal time of application. This article report growth and yield of rice plant supplied with liquid extract of several species of brown algae, either during vegetative or generative growth. The treathment influenced variably growth and yield of rice plants. Liquid extract of Sargassum crassifolium and Sargassum polycistum did not influenced growth and yield of rice plants, either supplied in combination with Turbinaria murayana extract or not during generative growth. However, application Sargassum cristaefolium and mixed extract consistenly effected growth and yield of rice plants. Application of Sargassum cristaefolium extract increased shoot dry weight, appoximately 94,70% higher than of control. In contrast, when this plants sprayed with Turbinaria murayana extract during generative growth reduced shoot dry weight, approximately 25% than those sprayed only with Sargassum cristaefolium during vegetative growth. Since the plants supplied with Sargassum cristaefolium during vegetative growth in combination with Turbinaria murayana during generative growth, induced grain weight of rice plants, this suggest that application of Turbinaria murayana extract induced remonbilization of macromolecules such carbohydrate and protein from leave to the grain of rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economical value of horticultural product depends on the products freshness and its long lasting storage ability. These long lasting storage ability is depend on how we keep the fruits with their appropriate surrounding and also how we supplied the plants with exact dose of nutrient. It has been reported that brown macroalgae contains a lot of bioactive compounds including growth hormone and several kind of macro and micro nutrient which is potential to use as biofertilizer for tomato plant growth together with urea. Combination of these two fertilizers is expected to produce better quality and quantity of fruit. This article reported fruits in combination with longer shelf life quality and shelf age of tomato storage in soil applied with urea and brown macroalgae extract. Tomato plant were grown in soil media contained different dose of urea 0 gr for control (P0), 0.25 gr (P1) and 5 gr (P2). Each plant were also sprayed with 10% of Sargassum crassifolium (E1), Sargassum cristaefolium (E2), Sargassum aquifolium (E3) and Turbinaria murayana (E4). The result demonstrated that the tomato fruits produced by plants supplied with combination between urea and seaweed extract has better quantity of fruits (14-15fruit/plant) compared to control (9 fruits/plant). Fruit produce by plant supplied with 5 gr urea and S. cristaefolium extract has diameter of 2.7 cm which is bigger compared to the control and other treatment. Meanwhile, best fruit texture were 0.125 mm/g/5g (P1E3 and P2E2) in one month storage. Thus demonstrated that combination of brown macroalgae extract and urea provide exact nutrient for tomato plants and keep its fruits quality during long lasting storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green macroalgae Ulva lactuca is highly abundant in most coastal areas of Lombok, Indonesia. Previous studies have revealed Ulva contains valuable components, such as bioactive compounds, food or biofuel. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant activity of Ulva lactuca found in different parts of Lombok Island coastal areas. The seaweeds were collected from Batu Layar (BL), Tanjung Aan (TA), and Seriwe (SW) in May 2019. Ethanol extracts of the seaweeds were determined for their antioxidant activity using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay. Total phenolics were determined by colometric method with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Although they are the same species, all samples showed various antioxidant activities. Seaweed Ulva lactuca from TA (ULA) and Batu Layar (ULB) exhibited higher DPPH radical scavenging activity with a low IC50 522.23 ± 43 μg/mL and 534.76 ± 14 μg/mL respectively compared to Ulva lactuca from Seriwe (ULS; IC50 682.23 ± 23 μg/mL). However, positive control Ascorbic acid demonstrated significantly stronger antioxidant activity with IC50 of 67 ± 4.6 μg/mL). Furthermore, the total phenolic contents (TPC) of ULS, ULB, ULA were 2.675 ± 0.5 mgGAEg−1, 5.13 ± 0.8 mgGAEg−1, 5.33 ± 2.1 mgGAEg−1 respectively. Flavonoid contents were 19.031 ± 2.1 mgREg−1, 25.315 ± 2.6 mgREg−1, and 28. 053 ± 1.58 mgREg−1 respectively. Current data shows that different locations with different environmental conditions could result in different biological activity of the seaweeds. Green seaweed Ulva lactuca found in BL and TA with more extreme conditions could be considered as source for antioxidants and could be utilized in food and pharmaceutical industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Red, brown and Green algae contain antioxidant and have the potential as anti-aging but still rarely developed for cosmetic ingredients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical constituent, total phenol and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity and toxicity of algae extract and formulated into serum preparation. Padina Australis, Ulva Reticulata, Sargassum Oligocystum, dan Euchema Cottonii contain chemical constituent hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, fatty acid and phytol which possess antioxidant activity. P. australis has the highest total phenol and flavonoid content that is 106 mgGAE/100 gr and 30.516 mgQE/g respectively. Antioxidant activity of P. australis, U. reticulata, E. cottoni and S. oligocystum is stated in IC50 value which are 2693.33, 2679.16, 4407.57 and 1700 µg/ml respectively wherein it still considered as low antioxidant activity. Algae extract in this study also proven to have low toxicity with LC50 higher than 1000 ppm. Algae crude extract was formulated into anti-aging serum formulation and evaluated for one month by accelerated stability test method. This stability test observed physical properties pH, viscosity, refractive index, and specific gravity and chemical properties. Based on the stability test results on each anti-aging serum formulas, formula with E. cottoni extract showed the stable formulation for serum preparation with no significant chemical and physical change due to temperature alteration during accelerated stability test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parigi Moutong district is one of the potential area where the economic seaweeds are produced, but the wild seaweed is less noticed. This research was aim to investigate the potential and diversity of wild seaweed at Parigi Moutong coast Center Sulawesi-Indonesia. Samples were collected from the coastal area by diving and using a boat. The fresh seaweeds were morphologically identified while the dried samples were used for DNA amplification and testing. The water quality testing was carried out to determine the dominance of wild seaweed that occupies the coast of Parigi Moutong. The classification and DNA testing were carried out on the collected seaweeds which were distributed as Agarum clatharum, Polysiphonia akkeshiensis, Palmaria lucida, and Ectocarpus sp. This present work was conducted to study the diversity of the wild seaweeds found in Parigi Moutong coast and open the opportunities to established specific infrastructure to utilize the variety of seaweed at Parigi Mouting coast. Other than that, such findings represent an important scientific support concerning the Parigi Moutong wild seaweed, which provides an assist in algal studies and its application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]