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The article proposes an entropy-structural method for assessing the proliferation of human dermal cells, including the ratio of the mathematical entropy of cell proliferation and an algorithm for calculating the fractal dimension of the cell culture. An approbation of the method with medicomental impact on the cell culture in vitro was implemented. The prospects for the application of the developed method are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abnormal Proliferation of cells of ovary and fallopian tube is found in ovarian cancer. Mutation in BRCA gene cause ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer is one of the most life threating cancer among other cancers of female genitals. Silver nanoparticles have unique properties like large surface to mass ratio, high reactivity, controllable size and functionalizable structure and also enhance the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic activity of different drugs delivered by targeted drug delivery. AgNPs can be synthesized by Top to bottom approach and Bottom to top approach. Chemical and biological method for synthesizing AgNPs come under bottom to top approach. Using Bottom to top approach we can produce large number of silver nanoparticles in small duration of time. AgNPs can cause the damage of mitochondria's respiratory chain and DNA therefore it can act as a good therapeutic alternative for cancer. AgNPs synthesized by using extract of Ligustrum ovalifolium L. having cytotoxic activity against human ovarian cell line as well as cisplastin resistance human ovarian cell line. AgNPs can be considered as a good therapeutic alternative to treat ovarian cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eggshells are a rich source of calcium and can be easily converted into biogenic hydroxyapatite for biomedical applications. This research aims to to fabricate hydroxyapatite (HA-Es) and 5 mol% zinc-substituted hydroxyapatite (5ZnHA-Es) dense bioceramic using initial powders synthesized from waste eggshells. The as-prepared powders were presureless sintered at 1250°C and after that their mechanical as well as cytotoxic properties were evaluated. TEM micrographs of the starting powders showed that HA-Es and 5ZnHA-Es particles have nano-rod shape and were highly agglomerated. For densification study, it was revealed that 5ZnHA-Es exhibited higher fracture toughness compared to zinc-free sample with 1.55 ± 0.06 MPa.m1/2. This enhancement of the fracture toughness was attributed to the presence of minor β-TCP phase when 5 mol% zinc ion was incorporated into HA, combined with enhanced densification at 1250°C. Cytotoxicity analysis through MTT assay analysis indicated that both HA-Es and 5ZnHA-Es were non-toxic. Nevertheless, the 5ZnHA-Es specimen showed more than 90% of cell viability after 24 h exposure in the MTT assay solution, compared to only 81% for HA-Es sample. This finding inferred that the presence of Zn ion may have promoted cells proliferation more effectively than HA-Es. This work had provided an insight on the feasibility of using natural calcium extracted from waste eggshells as starting material in the preparation of Zn-substituted HA, suitable for biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is regarded as one of the most frequent human neoplasm which causes the second and sixth most deaths in the world and Indonesia, respectively. HCC current medications are diverse with all their side effects. Thus, the discovery of low risk-novel therapeutic is important. Gynura procumbens is a perennial herb that has been suggested as anticancer therapeutic. In this current research, the toxicity effect of G. procumbens leaf methanolic extract (GPM) on HCC cell line (Huh7it) proliferation will be analyzed using MTT assay. To perform toxicity assay, GPM extract which contains 0.1% (v/v) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) mixed with DMEM medium in various concentration. Huh7it cell line was seeded in DMEM medium at the density 2.3 x 104 cells/well then incubated overnight. Percentage (%) cell viability data from MTT assay were fitted to a logarithmic equation to determine IC50 value of GPM. The result showed that GPM possesses anti-proliferative activity on cell proliferation in dose-dependent manner but did not in time-dependent manner. The IC50 value of GPM was categorized as moderate where the IC50 value after 24 hours incubation was 63.83 µg/mL while after 48 hours incubation was 125.84 µg/mL. This study reveals that GPM potentially used as anticancer therapeutics in treating HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An Indonesia soil actinomycete, Streptomyces sp. BioMCC-a.T.3335 was cultured to find compounds that showing inhibitory activity against Plasmodium falciparum cell proliferation. The properties of active compounds in the extract were examined by conducting a preliminary extraction test (PET). Extraction and purification method of active compounds was developed based on PET result. We identified two active compounds, cosmomycin A (1) and B (2), from the extract as active compounds. Cosmomycin A inhibited the proliferation of P. falciparum 3D7 cell in vitro (IC50=2.8 nM). To our best knowledge, 1 and 2 have never been reported as anti-malarial agents before. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This research aimed at evaluating whether broad-spectrum light can support and accelerate cell proliferation in conjunction with laser therapy. Background Data: Broad-spectrum light can reduce the effect of laser light to some extent or completely. There are a few experiments that examine the gain or downside of integrating broad- spectrum light with laser irradiation. Methods: Fibroblasts were irradiated at various doses (J/cm2) using 635 and 808nm laser in the dark and light. Using MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assays, changes in cell proliferation have been testing. Results: The findings show that low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has a beneficial effect on this cell type. The results revealed that dosages of 3.7, 5, 7.4, and 11 J/cm2 were adequate for fibroblast cells to undergo observable changes. The MTT assay shows that various dosages using 808 nanometers in the lit medium were more active than 635 nm in enhancing cell-reproduction and no as effective as 635 nm in the dark. Conclusion: Our findings show that cells respond optimally in the dark medium to wavelengths of 635 nm and in the light to wavelengths of 808 nm, preserving cell viability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Branching processes form an important and wide subclass of stochastic processes. They have numerous applications in different scientific and practical areas, from biology and cell proliferation through epidemiology, physics and neutral chain reactions to finance and insurance. Many of them involve multitype modeling. Statistical estimation of the process' characteristics is an important issue in their study. The nature of the models require a big amount of data, which is often impossible to be observed, considering only the total population sizes. In order to obtain the maximum likelihood estimators when the information is not sufficient, we use approximation methods. In our study the EM algorithm serves as an effective instrument for calculation of the estimates when a part of data is hidden. We propose examples of two-type branching processes with multinomial offspring distributions and a software implementation of the EM algorithm, illustrated via simulations and computational results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioactive glass (BG) is a silicate based material, which is widely reported as a biocompatible system that is widely used in hard tissue regeneration. In the current study, to enhance the healing efficiency and in vitro bioactivity of 45S5 BG, alumina incorporated with 3 different concentrations (Al2O3-5%, 10% and 15%). Further structural properties of composites using XRD results with NaAlSi3O8 (albite) formation and the morphological properties of composites were evaluated using FESEM resulting with 40-50 nm sized particles. In vitro biomineralization was studied by immersing the composites in SBF at one day and 3 days intervals. Cell migration and proliferation study using MG-63 osteoblast cells, which eventually promote the healing process and results with 96% of cell growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, we have synthesized silver nanoparticles with a pulsed laser using a metallic silver (purity; 99.99%), the targeted metallic silver piece was submerged in a liquid containing Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The produced nanoparticles were observed with different methods included UV-Vis Spectrometer, Atomic Absorption (AAS) and Electron Microscope (TEM). All peak absorption spectra for the two types of nanoparticles were ranged between 401 and 411 nm whereas nanoparticles size were in the range between 1 and 70 nm. The malignant anti-proliferation activity of nanoparticles was tested on murine mammary gland cancer cell line (AMN3). This activity was with potent inhibitory effect on the cellular proliferation rate of the cells under investigation. The inhibitory action was elevated when both the concentration of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and time of exposure were increased in comparison with the control untreated cells. Staining the cells with crystal violet stain revealed an increase in the level of cellular destruction. The results demonstrated that exposing the malignant cells to the nanomaterial of silver increases the proportion of the cells that undergo mitochondrial membrane disruption and DNA fragmentation and that will result in the induction of apoptosis. These results confirm that PVP-coated AgNPs induces apoptosis and cancer cell death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PVP-I (povidone-iodine) or Betadine, molecular iodine combined with poly-(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone), has been reported as antimicrobial agent. It is also as a promising chemopreventive agent against cancer. In this study the antiproliferative effect of PVP-I on rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) and other cancer cell lines (AGS, HeLa, HepG2, and MiaPaCa2) was examined. Cancer cells were treated with PVP-I and assessed for cell proliferation, metabolic activity, colony forming assay, apoptosis, and the fluorometric assay of the cell cycle. Our results showed that PVP-I has an antiproliferative effect and inhibits colony formation of RD cells in a dose-dependent manner. PVP-I appears to be mediated by apoptosis induction in human RD cell lines through cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. This study is the first report demonstrating the PVP-I mechanism against RD cells. Our studies may bring promising prospectus of using PVP-I in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GnRH is widely used in the embryo fertilization program (FIV) as one of the ovarian stimulation regimens. At the implantation window, GnRH agonists are known to have an effect on the endometrium directly or indirectly. GnRH estimated has a negative effect on the development of endometrial cells after ovarian stimulation. This study is to analyze the impact of GnRH agonist on ovarian stimulation procedures on receptor expression and endometrial cell apoptosis. The study sample was a stored biological material (BBT) from serum and the endometrial tissue of Macaca nemestrina. The total sample is 8 and divided into 2 groups, the stimulated and control groups. Each sample will be examined 2 types which are the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for serum and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for endometrial tissue. IHC was performed with anti-GnRH and caspase 3 antibody. Concentration is measured using an ELISA reader and then converts Optical Density (OD) to a concentration using SoftMax Pro Software. Calculations of stained and unmarked cells were performed using the Image-J Analyzer programs and scored by HSCORE. There is no significant difference between GnRH serum in stimulation or control group (p=0.773). There was no correlation between GnRH in serum with GnRH receptor in endometrial tissue (p=0.060) and activation of caspase (p=0.193). There was no difference between stimulation group and control group in the amount of GnRH in serum, presence of active GnRHR, and Caspase 3 activation. Keywords: GnRH receptors, Macaca nemestria, GnRH Agonist, Controlled ovarian stimulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Wnt signaling pathway, crucial in development and embryonic morphogenesis, is essential for endoderm and hindgut development in mammals and intestinal epithelium maintenance in adults, with mutations in this pathway often leading to colorectal cancers. The activation of this pathway upregulates the oncogene MYC, known for promoting cell cycle progression and proliferation, and under certain conditions, like the absence of p53, increasing EGR1 expression, leading to apoptosis. Our research focuses on the role of the MYC-EGR1 pathway in the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into definitive endoderm. Using immunofluorescence staining, we seek to assess whether MYC is absent from undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells by co-staining for the pluripotency marker OCT-4 and MYC. Next, we seek to determine whether MYC is required for endoderm differentiation by specifically targeting its expression using shRNA during endoderm differentiation. These studies will contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in endoderm differentiation and the role of the MYC-EGR1 pathway in the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triple Negative Breast Cancer is a very invasive, very aggressive type of breast cancer that is difficult to treat. TNB cells do not express the estrogen receptor, the progesterone receptor, and has very little expression of the human epidermal growth receptor, HER2, which are common targets of breast cancer therapies. This cancer can become metastatic very quickly, so the only treatment options that help to prolong the patient's life is a lumpectomy, or a mastectomy, which give very low survival rates, with high levels of reoccurrence. miRNA 342-3p is a type of miRNA that suppress the proliferation of human breast cancer cells, as it targets the Cofflin 1 protein. miRNA 342-3p has been tested on lymphoma, and has had positive outcomes with slowing down the proliferation rate of those lymphoma cells. miRNA 342-3p however, has not been tested on TNBC. This experiment will test the effect of exogeneous overexpression of miRNA 342-3p on the proliferation of TNBC cell line MDA-MB 231. After transfection with an expression plasmid containing miRNA 342-3p, the cells will be monitored and counted at specific time points to see if cell proliferation is reduced. In this study, we hope to see the cell proliferation decrease with the addition of miRNA. With the success of this experiment, it will give an insight into the value of using miRNA as potential therapeutics for Triple Negative Breast Cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lactobacillus rhamnosus produce active peptides known to inhibit cell proliferation. In older men over 50 years of age, increasing cell proliferation (hyperplasia) occurs frequently in the prostate. This research was aimed to study the role of Lactobacillus rhamnosus to inhibit cell proliferation of prostat, but the proteins from L. rhamnosus were used for treatments and intact bacteria were not used considering intact bacteria were dangerous if given in sick conditions. This research was done with mice as experimental animals. Sixty male mice were grouped into six groups. One group was a control group and the other groups were treatment groups (adding with 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 ug/ml of L. rhamnosus protein by oraly every day for 30 days). Each mouse was injected with 3 mg/kg body weight of testosterone hormone 4 times in 30 days for inducing prostate hyperplasia. Mice were sacrificed on the 31st day and prostate organs were taken to make a histological slide for micoscopic observations. The effect on cell proliferation observed by measuring the diameter, the thickness of epithelial cell lining and stroma cell of the prostate gland. The administration of L. rhamnosus protein could inhibit cell proliferation of mice prostate hyperplasia and the optimum concentration for this was 60 μg/ml. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world while the treatment of this cancer is still causing many adverse side effects. Thymoquinone in black cumin extract (BCE) and tylophorine in the awar-awar extract (AAE) synergistically can inhibit the growth of cervical cancer cell line, HeLa. This study aims to explore the potential combination of BCE and AAE as a chemotherapeutic agent in HeLa cell. Thymoquinone and tylophorine exhibited considerable affinity compared with IKK receptor native ligand through molecular docking measurements. Single-treated cytotoxic tests of BCE and AAE showed that both extracts had a cytotoxic effect on HeLa cell with the IC50 value of 577 µg · mL−1 and 177 µg · mL−1, respectively. Due to the low toxicity effect, the combination treatment of both extracts was needed the combination of BCE and AAE by the concentration of 36 µg · mL−1 and 88 µg · mL−1 decreased cell viability up to 31.67 %. Cell cycle analysis using PI-stained flowcytometry revealed that either the single treatment or the combination of BCE and AAE modulated cell arrest in G2/M phase. In conclusion, the combination of BCE and EAA is potential as the chemotherapeutic agent for cervical cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cell contact guidance is the phenomenon of changes in cell shape, adhesion and migration in response to the substrate anisotropy. Here, we describe the application of fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy for the investigation of contact guidance. The model system used in this study consisted of HaCaT human keratinocytes grown on either random or aligned electrospun mats. Scanning electron microscopy allowed us to describe the cell shape and visualize both the nanofibers and the cell surface. The fluorescence microscopy was used to assess the influence of the substrate morphology on cell proliferation. HaCaT cells proliferated more intensely on the aligned mats than on the random ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied the effect of Cu and Ni nanoparticles on the plant Triticum vulgare. Observing the germination energy, we faced a decrease 16.7 times for Ni˚ and total suppression for Cu. These nanoparticles reduced the growth of seedlings and affected the placement of lateral roots, which grew like a “goose-paw”. The total sum of reactive oxygen species ended up with an increase in the roots after exposure to Cu˚ (up to 35.8% compared to the negative control). Expressed statistically significant (in comparison with the control (P <0.05)) accumulation of HO• when Cu was applied at a dose of 0.05 and 0.1 M (up to 8.5 and 13.6%). The cell viability and proliferation assays indicated that the toxic effects of nanoCu was maximum after 24 of exposure and that accounted 89% in comparison to control. The presence of Ni˚ in the medium resulted in a smoother formazan reduction after 24 hours of incubation (up to 56% relative to control). Thus, we obtained data indicating a decrease in viability of root cells under the action of nanometals, with the form of degradation of DNA molecules having either necrotic, unsystematic (in case of Cu) or internucleosomal apoptotic character (Ni). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of new materials with enhanced properties continues to be a driver for the investigation of hybrid materials in biomedical filed. It is known that the preparation method influences the structure and the biological properties of these materials. The sol-gel process provides a convenient way to produce many organic–inorganic hybrids. In order to evaluate potential use of the organic–inorganic hybrids as biomaterials, further knowledge about their biological properties is needed. In this study have been proposed poly(e-caprolactone)/zirconia (PCL/ZrO2) hybrids with different amount of PCL, previously synthesized and characterized, to investigate the effects of these materials on the NIH-3T3 fibroblast cellular response as a function of the PCL content. The cell viability and cell cycle progression were evaluated by direct cell number counting, MTT, cell damage assays, flow cytometry-based analysis of cell-cycle progression and immunoblotting experiments. The results show that the content of PCL in PCL/ZrO2 hybrids differently supports cell proliferation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aaptos suberitoides marine sponge produce many kinds of secondary metabolites. The purpose of this study were to examine the cytotoxic, proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction of marine sponge A.suberitoides. The sponge was extracted with 96 % ethanol. Ethanol extract cytotoxicity assay were performed with MTT method (Microculture Tetrazolium) against to cell line of T47D. The proliferation inhibition were done by doubling time. The apoptosis induction by observing the treated cell morphology after staining with acrydine orange. The results show that cytotoxic activity of the ethanol extract was 153.109 µg/mL, inhibits cell proliferation cell lines of T47D at 24 hours of incubation and apoptosis induction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of intra-annual dynamic of wood formation is one of the most progressive and fast-growing fields in plant sciences. The main anatomical characteristics of treering structure, e.g. number of cells and radial cell size, are closely related to the kinetics of cell production. In this case, the timing of seasonal production is a fundamental aspect of plant development and functioning. To better assess the impact of specific climatic events to the timing and dynamic of growth, a process-based modeling can be a very useful tool. The Vaganov-Shashkin model was proved to provide reliable estimates of tree growth under strong limited conditions. Based on the assumption that climate conditions are determining cell differentiation mostly in the cambial zone, the model computes daily growth rate and converts it into the rate of cell production. In this work we present a two-steps approach combining the process-based VS-modeling and the timing procedure for cell production. An automatic method to identify the formation time of new cell transfer to the enlargement zone of tree ring was developed in R. The main advantage of a new approach was the ability to estimate daily values of growth rates and timing of cell formation in the forest-steppe zone in southern Siberia over a long period of direct climate observations without labour-intensive field measurements. The significant correlation between the original algorithm and its updated automatic version proves correctness and reliability of the new method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will focus on the study and identifying various threshold values for two commonly used edge detection techniques, which are Sobel and Canny Edge detection. The idea is to determine which values are apt in giving accurate results in identifying a particular leukemic cell. In addition, evaluating suitability of edge detectors are also essential as feature extraction of the cell depends greatly on image segmentation (edge detection). Firstly, an image of M7 subtype of Acute Myelocytic Leukemia (AML) is chosen due to its diagnosing which were found lacking. Next, for an enhancement in image quality, noise filters are applied. Hence, by comparing images with no filter, median and average filter, useful information can be acquired. Each threshold value is fixed with value 0, 0.25 and 0.5. From the investigation found, without any filter, Canny with a threshold value of 0.5 yields the best result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, toxicity of nanostructures based on aluminum hydroxide, magnesium oxide, and the influence of their combinations on morphofunctional characteristics of the normal and cancer cell lines was evaluated. Nanostructures were characterized by transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), low temperature nitrogen adsorption, and dynamic light scattering method. It was found that lowdimensional aluminum oxide structures affect cancer cells rather than normal cells. It was established that magnesium oxide nanoparticles and nanostructured aluminum oxyhydroxide are more toxic for cancer cells than these nanostructures in combination in the same concentration. Probably, differences in the proliferative activity for both normal and cancer cells after contacting with synthesized nanostructures are provided by the changed cell microenvironment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tapak Liman (Elephantopus scaber L) is a traditional medicinal plant containing several active compounds that potentially affecting hematopoietic stem cells, such as epifrieelinol, lupeol, stigmasterol, triacontane-1-ol, dotriacontane-1-ol, lupeol acetate,deoxyelephan-topin, isodeoxyelephantopin, polyphenol luteolin-7, as well as various flavonoids and glucosides. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of leaf extract of Tapak Liman on hematopoietic stem cells in mice BALB/c, by observation of the relative number of cells expressing CD4/CD8, CD4/CD62L, and TER119/B220 in the spleen and TER119/B220, TER119/VLA-4 and TER119/CD34 in bone marrow, after being administered leaf extract for 2 weeks. This experiment used 12 female mice, which were divided into three treatment groups, P1= 0.5 g.g bw-1.day-1, P2= 1.0 g.g bw-1.day-1 and P3 = 2.0 g.g bw-1.day-1 Tapak Liman leaf extract as well as a control. The relative numbers of cells expressing surface molecules were analyzed by flowcytometry and quantitative data were tested using one-way ANOVA. The results showed that the leaf extract of Tapak Liman has no significant effect on erythrocyte proliferation; on the other hand, it had a significant effect on both proliferation and differentiation of B lymphocytes (B220+) in bone marrow (p=0.044) and increased the expression of CD4+, CD8+ molecule in B cells (p=0.026) and erythroid cells in spleen and bone marrow, based on the estimation of cells that expressed TER119+VLA-4+, identified as important in the development pathway of erythrocytes. An increased cell percentage of TER11+VLA-4+ occurred for treatment P2, 12% higher than the control. The increased expression of TER119+VLA-4+ was assumed to be due to the iron content in Tapak Liman, which functioned to stimulate the progenitor hematopoietic cells to proliferate and differentiate into a precursor of erythroid cells (TER119 +VLA-4+). There was an increasing number of cells expressing the surface molecules TER119+ and VLA-4+. This indicated that the Tapak Liman leaf extract with a dose of 1.0 g.g bw-1.day-1 could stimulate the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells into the lymphoid and erythroid pathway, in spleen and bone marrow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a degenerative disease that causes an imbalance in the metabolism. The aim of this research is to determine the influences of CSN1S2 on the structure of microglial cells in T2DM. Rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into eight groups of treatment with looping three times each between treatment groups (CM) Control. The control is given a milk treatment with doses of 375 mg/kg (CM375), 750 mg/kg (CM750) and 1500 mg/kg (CM1500), T2DM (DMK), and T2DM with CSN1S2 375 mg/kg dose (DM375), 750mg/kg (DM750) and 1500 mg/kg (DM1500). The animal model T2DM was induced by a high-fat diet in the form of feed followed by injection of STZ (dose of 25 mg/kg of animal treatment) and treatment of CSN1S2 for 28 days. Brain organs were taken and analysed in histopathology stained by Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and observed using Olympus BX53. Based on the results, it was concluded that CSN1S2 protein is influential for induction of microglial cell proliferation in animal models of T2DM, as immunity responds to the inflammatory condition in T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scaffold as a biomaterial must fulfill some requirements to be safely implanted to the human body. Toxicity and biocompatibility test are needed to evaluate scaffold material in mediating cell proliferation and differentiation, secreting extracelullar matrix and carrying biomolecular signals for cell communication. An in vitro study with mesenchymal stem cells consisted of direct contact test and indirect contact test using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) tetrazolium reduction assay was conducted on 4 scaffolds made of poly-L-lactic acid (PLA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and hydroxyapatite-poly (vinyl alcohol) composite. There were cells-substrate adhesion impairment, morphological changes, cell death and reduction in cell proliferation seen at 2nd and 6th day in most tested scaffold. Cell count result at day-6 showed proliferation inhibition of more than 50% cell death (inhibition value > 50) in all tested scaffold. In MTT assay, two scaffolds were proven non-toxic. In conclusion, various scaffold materials showed different toxicity effect. The toxicity and biocompatibility profile in this study is a preliminary data for further research aiming to use those local-made scaffolds to fill human bone defect in various needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of the chemical, topographic and structural properties of the NiTi alloy surface and their changes after surface treatments by ion implantation techniques with use of ions Ta+ and Si+. The influence of physicochemical properties of the surface ion modified NiTi alloy was studied on in vitro cultured mesenchymal stem cells of the rats' bone marrow. It is shown that the ion surface modification improves histocompatibility of the NiTi alloy and leads to increase of proliferative activity of mesenchymal stem cells on its surface. It was experimentally found that a major contribution to viability improvement mesenchymal stem cells of rat marrow has the chemical composition and the microstructure of the surface area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the toxicity evaluation of nanostructures on the basis of alumina of different shape (nanofibers, nanoplates, nanosheets, nanosheet agglomerates) and with similar physical and chemical properties (particle size, specific surface area, phase composition, and zeta potential). The nanostructures were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The cytotoxicity of nanostructures was estimated using L929 fibroblast cells and Neuro-2a tumor cells. It has been found that the L929 cells are less subject to the influence of alumina nanoparticles than the Neuro-2a tumor cells. Probably, the differences in the proliferation activity of normal and tumor cells in contact with the synthesized nanostructures are due to a change in the pH of the cell microenvironment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We formulate an individual-based model and a population model of phenotypic evolution, under cytotoxic drugs, in a cancer cell population structured by the expression levels of survival-potential and proliferation-potential. We apply these models to a recently studied experimental system. Our results suggest that mechanisms based on fundamental laws of biology can reversibly push an actively-proliferating, and drug-sensitive, cell population to transition into a weakly-proliferative and drug-tolerant state, which will eventually facilitate the emergence of more potent, proliferating and drug-tolerant cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the primary CD8 T-Cell immune response to an intracellular pathogen, CD8 T-Cells undergo exponential proliferation and continuous differentiation, acquiring cytotoxic capabilities to address the infection and memorize the corresponding antigen. After cleaning the organism, the only CD8 T-Cells left are antigen-specific memory cells whose role is to respond stronger and faster in case they are presented this very same antigen again. That is how vaccines work : a small quantity of a weakened pathogen is introduced in the organism to trigger the primary response, generating corresponding memory cells in the process, giving the organism a way to defend himself in case it encounters the same pathogen again. To investigate this process, we propose a non linear, multi-scale mathematical model of the CD8 T-Cells immune response due to vaccination using a maturity structured partial differential equation. At the intracellular scale, the level of expression of key proteins is modeled by a delay differential equation system, which gives the speeds of maturation for each cell. The population of cells is modeled by a maturity structured equation whose speeds are given by the intracellular model. We focus here on building the model, as well as its asymptotic study. Finally, we display numerical simulations showing the model can reproduce the biological dynamics of the cell population for both the primary response and the secondary responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultra violet (UV) exposure and oxidative stress are casually linked to skin disorders. They can increase melanin synthesis, proliferation of melanocytes, and hyperpigmentation. It is possible that antioxidants or inhibitors may have a beneficial effect on skin health to reduce hyperpigmentation. In the last few years, a huge number of natural herbal extracts have been tested to reduce hyperpigmentation. The objective of this study was to determine and to compare of kojic acid and curcumin properties to viability cell B16-F1. In this study, our data showed that the viability of cell B16-F1 was 63.91% for kojic acid and 64.12% for curcumin at concentration 100 µg/ml. Further investigation assay of antioxidant activities, indicated that IC50 for kojic acid is 63.8 µg/ml and curcumin is 16.05 µg/ml. Based on the data, kojic acid and curcumin have potential antioxidant properties to reduce hyperpigmentation with low toxicity effect in cell B16-F1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The degradation of the scaffold influences on cell proliferation and differentiation. With the dissolution of the porous scaffold, the available surface for cells and dynamic fluid perfusion increase and induce higher cell proliferation and differentiation than static cultures. In this study the integrated approach to mathematical modelling was supposed, which includes the scaffold's structure generation, CFD modelling of scaffold's degradation and cellular automata modelling of cell growth. Calculation occurs iteratively until the simulated process and CFD calculated data is transmitted in the cellular automaton module on the defined iteration. Such approach allows to predict the cell growth with the relative mistake not more then 7 percent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]