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Grocery stores are primary establishments where people purchase food, supplies, and household items. Most stores are open daily, and some even for 24 hours. Customers enter Rodamel Grocery Store in Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, during the operating hours to buy goods. To ensure public health safety, there is a need to measure/analyze the IAQ of the Rodamel Grocery Store and compare the gathered data to existing IAQ standards. For three consecutive days, air quality monitoring devices were used to measure the ventilation, temperature, humidity, also the concentrations of CO2, formaldehyde, and particulate matter such as PM2.5 and PM10. Bioaerosol samples were also collected and grown using a process called Growth Culture Analysis to qualitatively identify how much is inhaled depending on the grocery shopper’s exposure time. Based on the results, only the temperature and the humidity did not meet the acceptable ranges from the standards, exceeding the maximum of 27 ̊C and 60 respectively. For the bioaerosol sampling, all the 18 samples show a relationship that the longer the shopper stays inside the grocery store, the more bioaerosol exposure is experienced. Further recommendations are also given to the Rodamel Grocery Store to address their indoor air issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People spend plenty of time in indoor environments, thus the exposure to indoor air pollutants contributes greatly to one's health, well-being and productivity. Bioaerosol is one of the main contaminants, especially in primary schools, as children are less likely to wash their hands, perform protected coughing and sneezing, and they are more likely to make indirect physical contact with each other; such as exchanging belongings, which may promote the spread of infectious diseases and can ultimately affect their academics. This study aims to evaluate the level of bioaerosol contamination in primary schools and to investigate risk factors associated with its exposure. The methodology is a detailed systematic literature review that evaluates available data regarding bioaerosol contaminants in primary school classrooms between the year 2016-2020. Google Scholar and Portal Garuda were used as the main databases. 16 literatures were selected; 11 measured bacteria, 10 measured fungi and 1 measured virus, active or passive were employed for the bioaerosol sampling strategy. It was found that in subtropical countries, the average colony count of bacteria, fungi and viruses are higher compared to tropical countries. Factors such as those related to the weather, the building itself as well as its occupants, are associated with bioaerosol contaminations at school. More studies are needed to describe bioaerosol levels at classrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioaerosols consist of airborne particles such as microbes and debris from biological matter, present in the atmosphere. The interest in bioaerosols is increasing rapidly to broaden the knowledge of their characterization, and to understand how the bioaerosol affects environment and human health in both indoor and outdoor air. The experiments conducted inside confined artificial environments can provide valuable information on bioaerosol. At ChAMBRe (Chamber for Aerosol Modelling and Bioaerosol Research), managed by INFN at the Physics Department of the University of Genoa, Italy, the research on bioaerosol is focused on the investigation of the airborne bacteria behavior in different atmospheric conditions (Massabò et al., AMT, 2018). Our experiments were performed with Escherichia Coli, a gram-negative strain: the experimental protocol includes bacteria cultivation, bacteria injection in the chamber, exposure to different environmental conditions, and verification of viability (Danelli et al., 2021). The bacteria survival rate is evaluated in "clean air" conditions by comparing the bacteria total concentrations (measures by WIBS-NEO counter) with the Colonies Forming Units (CFU) collected on Petri dishes by Andersen impactor. The injected bacteria total concentration was about 0.40 cell cm-3, while the injected bacteria viable concentration was about 0.06 CFU cm-3. Since the time-trends of total and viable concentration differ significantly, as shown in Fig. 1, the resulting ratio between viable and total bacteria concentration was the observed parameter (Fig. 2). The viable-bacteria life-time turned out to be around 40 minutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diversion of biodegradable waste from landfill is of key importance in developing a sustainable waste strategy for the next decade and beyond. The proliferation of waste treatment technologies such as Mechanical Biological Treatment, Anaerobic Digestion and Composting will be paramount in achieving this strategic goal. This paper explores the risk assessment methods adopted in the UK and USA and their ability to effectively manage the potential public health risks from exposure to bioaerosols from commercial composting activities. Knowledge gaps currently exist in the scientific and regulatory community that limit our ability to effectively characterise source-term emissions, develop reliable dose-response data, due to varying body burdens and differences in individual susceptibilities, and accurately model the dispersion of bioaerosols liberated from such activities. Consequently reliable risk estimates cannot be developed to inform the management of these potential risks. Adoption of the precautionary principle in response to this uncertainty is difficult in a practical setting due the extremely low exposures required to elicit an immunological response in some individuals. This paper advocates the need for further, more focussed research into hazard characterisation of viable and non-viable organisms, improved dose-response data, exposure assessment techniques and an evaluation of the existing risk control and mitigation measures currently adopted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]