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The anthropization and deterioration of the environment led to the altering of the physico-chemical and biological characteristics of waters. Therefore the water surveillance is absolutely necessary for detecting eventual changes that take place in the aquatic ecosystem, changes that sometimes may be irreversible. This paper studies the case of the Bega River (Romania), the wastewater discharges upstream of Timisoara being considered significant and capable to change the physicochemical composition of the water stream. Benthic algae were used as bioindicators because through the process of pollutant sedimentation, they are directly affected by them[1]. Thereby on the course of the Bega River were monitored 4 sections by qualitative sampling, the human impact being highlighted by the taxonomic composition of the benthic algae, and through the calculation of the saprobity index and of the BDI it is observed the anthropic impact on the aquatic ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]