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Background: Angiotensin II (AngII) acts via several tissues, including the brain to exert its well established roles in the regulation of blood pressure (BP) and fluid and electrolyte regulation. Manipulation of brain AngII can also induce metabolic changes including lean phenotype and increased metabolic rate possibly via modulation of the sympathetic nervous system. These actions are mediated via activation of the AngII type 1A receptor (AT1AR). In addition, chronic low dose infusion of Ang II induces hypertension via activation of the AT1AR. Whilst the involvement of AT1AR in specific cells of the kidney has been demonstrated in AngII-dependent hypertension it is not clear whether other tissues are involved. The present study aimed to investigate whether targeted deletion of AT1ARs from the catecholaminergic cells affects the baseline metabolic parameters and blood pressure (BP) and the response to sustained infusion of AngII. Methods: All experiments were approved by the University of Melbourne Animal Experimentation Ethics Committee in accordance with guidelines of the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council. Mice (C57Bl/6 background) with cell-selective deletion of the AT1AR from catecholaminergic cells were generated by crossing AT1AR floxed (AT1ARfl/fl) mice with mice expressing crerecombinase (Cre) under the control of the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) promoter. Two different genotypes AT1ARfl/fl;THCre+/- (knockouts) and AT1ARfl/fl;TH-Cre-/- (controls) were used in this study. In vitro autoradiography was performed to confirm the loss of AT1R binding from catecholaminergic cells. All surgical procedures were performed under surgical anesthesia (loss of pedal withdrawal reflex) using either isoflurane delivered by a gas mask (~2% in oxygen) or ketamine/xylacine i.p. (75 mg/kg:10 mg/kg). All animals received a long-acting, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent at the start of the surgical procedure (caroprofen 5 mg/kg). Telemetry devices were used to record baseline BP and heart rate (HR). For the metabolic studies, mice were housed individually in metabolic cages with free access to food and water. After 1 day acclimatization 24 hour urine output and food and water intake were recorded. AngII-dependent hypertension was induced by subcutaneous implantation of mini-osmotic pumps designed to infuse Ang II (500 ng/kg/min) for 4 weeks. Results: AT1R binding was completely absent in the adrenal medulla and thoracic sympathetic ganglia of the AT1AR fl/fl;TH-Cre+/- mice. Basal systolic BP and HR were not different between the groups (mean±SEM; 109± 1mmHg vs. 108 ± 2 mmHg and 553± 10 bpm vs. 573 ± 10 bpm). Body weight, water intake, and 24 h urine volumes were also not different between groups. Infusion of Ang II in AT1ARfl/fl;TH-Cre-/- induced a gradual pressor response that was increased above baseline by day 5 of infusion. The maximal change in BP occurred at day 13. After day 17 BP gradually decreased toward baseline. The trajectory of BP increase was less in the AT1A fl/fl;TH Cre+/- mice throughout the infusion with a significant decrease in the maximal response at day 13 of infusion (150± 3 mmHg vs. 133 ± 2 mmHg; P<0.05). The reduced pressor response was associated with reduced fluid and electrolyte retention, reduced activation of the sympathetic nervous system and loss of superoxide formation in key brain cardiovascular nuclei. Conclusions: AT1AR knockout from catecholaminergic cells does not elicit changes in metabolic state, baseline systolic BP or HR but expression of the receptor by these cells is essential for the full development of AngII hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study discusses the additional concept of Green Skills, with the aim of forming more competent workers in an industry that currently demands green jobs. So, it is necessary to have stages of competency formation in developing students' cognitive abilities to become green employees who are environmentally friendly and care about the environment. Until now, only a few studies have guided and revealed the needs of the community in meeting the demands of green skills, especially in Vocational High Schools. This paper uses a literature review-based methodology to identify Green Skills and formulate cycle stages that shape student competencies. It was found that from the results of a literature study on green skills competencies to realize in school, it is necessary to have a special application model in vocational schools into learning, so that a concept known as 6R is found competence to reuse, recycle, reduce, repair, reassemble, and resaving energy. To make realistic creative TVET innovations according to the needs of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 based on green skills materials through virtual technology based on virtual reality. To diffuse creative TVET innovations into the community TVET Institutions, Government through the policy of infusion of green skills learning into the curriculum, Society, and Stake Holders can be done by joining Green Leaders Indonesia (GLI), GLI is a movement of young Indonesians to bring together and encourage collaboration between activists of the environmental care movement, green technology developers, stakeholders, government, and leaders of the ministry of the environment to create environmentally friendly solutions. Therefore well the aim of the movement having a better impact on the current environmental damage phenomenon. It is no stranger that environmental problems have become a classic problem in Indonesia, especially in TVET. The six main requirements above will be fulfilled if they are supported by the Vocational Education objectives in training green skills to form green employe. The novelty of this research is that there are six main requirements in the application of green skills with conditions that are supported by the goal of Vocational Education to form green employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investments in health information technology (HIT) are known to improve operational and financial outcomes in hospitals. However, it is less understood whether this effect is short-term, medium-term, or long-term. This paper investigates the effect of HIT investments on hospitals’ cost-to-charge ratio, a financial metric that accounts for hospital costs and revenues, at different time lags following the initial investment. Using panel data on U.S. hospitals from 2010 to 2021, we report that the impact of HIT on hospital cost-to-charge ratio is realized with a lag of 0 to 4 years, when controlled for hospital differences such as rural vs urban location, public vs private ownership, proportion of uncompensated care, and yearover-year variations. This effect becomes non-significant in subsequent years as the effect of HIT wears out. We also quantify the returns from HIT investment. Every 1% increase in HIT investment results in a reduction of 3.3 to 6.0% in cost-to-charge ratio between 0 and 4 years after the HIT investment. Implications of these findings for research and practice are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to investigate the effects of sodium chloride (NaCl) and glucose on a single strain of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae during the respiration period. A Biochip-C sensor was used to measure the oxygen consumption rate and calibrated with PbS solution of pH 7.3 and 2.3 M before the experiment, which has a reference voltage of 1840 mV. A 150 µL of S.cerevisiae solution with a density of 5•107 cells/ml was immobilized into the Biochip-C chamber and left for 600 s at the initial experiment. An amount of 100 µL sodium chloride and glucose with concentrations of 0.1 M, 0.2 M, and 0.3 M were added into the yeast solution and measured until the stationary phase. For every single oxygen consumption, the models were then simulated to predict their stationary phase. The results show the addition of glucose causes an increase in the sensor potential level by a maximum of 3.9 % from the reference represented a higher oxygen consumption, while salt decreases 2.39 % lower, which is shows an inhibit fermentation process and reaches the stationary phase at 1200 s. This work comprises a model study of respiration for the fermentation phase of yeast, especially food screening applications, and to detect the amount of sugar in food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faster, sensitive, cost-effective UV and visible photodetection is an important research area for making sensors. The comparison of the structural, vibrational and optical properties of a substituted sample with pure ZnO was studied. We investigated the photoresponse properties of defects in parent and Zn1-x(GaFe)x/2O (x=0.0468) for UV and visible light illumination. The ZnO nanopowders were synthesized using the sol-gel technique. The (002) peak tends to deviate towards higher theta with the addition of Ga3+/Fe3+. This indicates a variation of c-axis with Fe and Ga doping. Lattice parameter variation with co-doping is obtained by using GSAS software. Rietveld refinement of all samples showed changes in lattice parameters. From Raman spectra, the intensity of E2 high mode enhances with doping showing good crystallinity of co-doped ZnO. Thus, structural uniformity enhances with doping. The conductance increases due to varying defect states, verified from photoluminescence data analysis. Ga and Fe doping improve UV current of ZnO. We can see that the photocurrent increases from x=0 to x=0.0468. Effect of different wavelengths (450, 550 & 650 nm) of photons on surface conductivity of Zn1−x(GaFe)x/2O is investigated. The enhanced sensitivity with the incorporation of dopants for visible spectrum has great application for colour sensing materials. And least sensitivity for red colour shows photostability of the material. The native defects or trap states present in pure and Ga-Fe co-doped samples were investigated in detail by using PL study. The visible spectrum deep level intensity variation reveals enhancement in green emission following the CIE graph. The optical bandgap energy investigated using UV-Vis spectrum. The modification in bandgap energy supports the defects study obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why do we never see a table in a superposition of here and there? This problem gets a solution by so called collapse models assuming the collapse as a genuinely physical process. Here we consider two specific collapse models and apply them to systems at high energies, i.e. flavour oscillating neutral meson systems. We find on one hand a potentially new interpretation of the decay rates introduced by hand in the standard formalism and on the other hand that these systems at high energies constrain by experimental data the possible collapse scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The National Synchrotron Light Source II at Brookhaven National Lab is a third-generation synchrotron radiation facility that has been commissioned in 2014. The facility is based on a 3 GeV electron storage ring, which will circulate 500 mA of beam current at 1 nm rad horizontal emittance. The storage ring is 792 meters in circumference and will accommodate more than 60 beamlines in the final built-out. The beamline sources range from insertion-devices located in straight sections, bending magnets or three-pole-wigglers configured in multiple branches. The NSLS-II storage ring commissioning was successfully completed in July 2014 and the facility delivered the first user light on October 23, 2014. Currently the storage ring reached 300 mA beam current and achieved 1 nm rad of horizontal emittance with 3 sets of Damping Wigglers. At this point six NSLS-II project beamlines are routinely taking photons with beam current at 150 mA. This paper reviews the NSLS-II accelerator design and commissioning experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A common feature of dynamical reduction models is the violation of energy conservation principle which usually shows up as a constant increase in time of the energy of isolated systems. Anyway for typical values of the parameters of the models, such a violation is usually so weak that cannot be detected with present-day technology. . Despite the reduction mechanism itself seems responsible for this behaviour, we show that this is not a intrinsic property of dynamical reduction models: we exhibit a collapse model such that the energy of isolated systems does not diverge for large times but reaches an asymptotic finite value. This result could be interesting in understanding how to work out relativistic extensions of dynamical reduction models. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]