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A study compared language skill development and cultural attitudes of second-grade children taught in an additive-bilingual program setting with those of second-grade children from a monolingual classroom setting. Subjects were 41 second-grade children participating in a Spanish immersion program and 19 children from a regular second-grade classroom. Comparisons were made on three variables: (1) nonverbal problem-solving, as measured by a test using progressive matrices; (2) native language development, as measured by a picture vocabulary test; and (3) attitude toward Hispanic culture, as measured by a cross-cultural attitude inventory. Gender and age relationships were also examined. Results supported earlier research and theory on the mediation of language as an essential part of nonverbal problem-solving, on the positive effect of second-language learning on cultural outlook, and on the contribution of the additive-bilingual instructional setting to native language maintenance in immersion education. 62 references. (MSE)

This paper reports research undertaken in South Australia and Victoria for the Australian Criminology Research Council (CRC) over three years. A series of research studies sought to locate the critical factors that determine and affect the rates at which people enter Australian correctional systems as remandees. The two jurisdictions were chosen principally because they have highest and the lowest (respectively) remand rates of the six Australian States. We determined that changes in remand are usually explained as the result of one or more of the following factors: changes in the volume of persons appearing before the courts, as a result of changes in crime rates, apprehensions or charging practices; changes in bail practices and policies that affect the probability of bail being granted or denied; changes in defendant characteristics that make custodial remand more likely; and changes in court delay times leading to changes in the average period spent on remand. We conclude that it is especially important to move outside of the courtroom and to focus on issues that arise prior to the judicial hearing, especially police decision-making, police practices and information that police provide to the courts ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]