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Interactions between bacteria and marine dinoflagellates play a vital role in harmful algae bloom formation and toxin production by dinoflagellates. However, the precise association of bacteria with dinoflagellates is still not well understood. Hence, this study aims to identify the bacterial community associated with some toxic and non-toxic dinoflagellate cultures using the 16S-based metagenomics approach toward a better understanding of the bacteria-dinoflagellate relationship. Total DNA from the dinoflagellate cultures was extracted and used as templates for PCR amplification of the V3 region of 16S rDNA. The PCR products were sequenced on an Illumina Miseq platform. Generated sequence reads were then assembled and classified to elucidate the associated bacterial communities. Analysis revealed that cultures of both toxic and non-toxic dinoflagellate species were mainly dominated by Proteobacteria (69.3%), followed by Bacteroidetes, (19.85%) Phyla of Fusobacteria (2.62%), Actinobacteria (4.65%), and Firmicutes (2.62%) were also found to be minority communities. The results suggest that many different bacterial species are associated with dinoflagellates, some of which are common to each of the dinoflagellate cultures examined, whereas others appear to be unique to a particular dinoflagellate. This association may indicate the possible role of the bacterial communities in dinoflagellates physiology and toxigenesis. The present study showed that the 16S-metagenomic sequencing approach was able to better assess the diversity of these associated bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the influence assessment of the composition of highly dispersed particles and small molecules of plant origin on the taxonomic groups of the rumen microbiome. The data analysis showed that the introduction of the studied substances into the diet significantly affects the diversity of taxonomic groups in comparison with the control group, but this does not affect the complexity of their structure. Taxa at the phylum level of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes prevailed in all groups; their ratio in the control and experimental group I was similar: Bacteroidetes - 39.0%, 15.0% of the total number of bacteria, Firmicutes - 55.0%, 81.8% of the total number of bacteria. In experimental group II, the ratio of dominant phyla changed: Bacteroidetes - 74.3%, Firmicutes - 16.4% of the total number of bacteria in the sample. At the level of the species in the control and experimental group II, Prevotella was the most important - 22.5%, 36.7%, of the total number of bacteria, in the I experimental group Streptococcus - 72.7% of the total number of microorganisms in the sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]