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In the era of Industry 4.0, the importance of human-robot collaboration (HRC) in the advancement of modern manufacturing and automation is paramount. Understanding the intricate physiological responses of the operator when they interact with a cobot is essential, especially during programming tasks. To this aim, wearable sensors have become vital for real-time monitoring of worker well-being, stress, and cognitive load. This article presents an innovative dataset (SenseCobot) of physiological signals recorded during several collaborative robotics programming tasks. This dataset includes various measures like ElectroCardioGram (ECG), Galvanic Skin Response (GSR), ElectroDermal Activity (EDA), body temperature, accelerometer, ElectroEncephaloGram (EEG), Blood Volume Pulse (BVP), emotions and subjective responses from NASA-TLX questionnaires for a total of 21 participants. By sharing dataset details, collection methods, and task designs, this article aims to drive research in HRC advancing understanding of the User eXperience (UX) and fostering efficient, intuitive robotic systems. This could promote safer and more productive HRC amid technological shifts and help decipher intricate physiological signals in different scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a non-invasive technique for measuring changes in volume within an organ or whole body. The information from this blood volume change signal can be used to calculate beats per minute (BPM) because each peak of the wave that occurred is correlated with one heartbeat. There are two sensor placement methods for PPG signals: transmittance and reflectance. The transmittance method is signified when the infrared and photodiode face each other, while in the reflectance, the infrared and photodiode are placed in parallel. The signal data from the finger sensor transmittance method and reflectance method are processed by analog signal conditioning using a bandpass filter frequency of 2.3Hz-2.5Hz, which is sent to the microcontroller to produce the BPM value and be displayed on Delphi. The PPG signal was compared by employing the transmittance and reflectance methods. The research concludes that the transmittance method produces a PPG signal with a sensitivity and specificity value of 96%, while the reflectance method produces a sensitivity and specificity value of 92%. The results indicated that the transmittance mode was more sensitive to blood pulses because the amplitude transmittance was higher than that of the reflectance mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human heart beats between 60 and 100 times in a minute, if more than that means the heart is experiencing an abnormal beat. An abnormal heartbeat is called arrhythmia. The purpose of this study is to detect heart rate through photoplethysmograph signals and the patient's position can be known using the global position system (GPS) on the georaphic information system (GIS). Photoplethysmograph which is used for monitoring heart rate by looking at changes in blood volume in blood vessels. The heart rate test from the pulse sensor is processed at the ADC in the microcontroller, and heart rate data is sent via bluethoot media to the patient's cell phone, with the mobile telecardiac system the data can be seen by doctors or nurses and ambulance units. In the simulation of the tool, samples of heart rate data were taken from 10 normal people. The average sensor output voltage value is 0.437 volts with an average heart rate of 72 bpm. Patients with heart rate arrhythmias can be divided into 2 types, namely bradycardia (small 60 bpm) and tachycardia (greater than 100 bpm). The results of testing the number of detected heartbeats are displayed on the smartphone in the form of a signal. This study provides an arrythmia detector where if the heart rate is less than 60 bpm it includes symptoms of arrhythmia called bradycardia (weak heartbeat), whereas if the heart rate is more than 100 bpm then it is a symptom of arrythmia. Based on the research that has been done, the tool has an average error of 0.87% in reading heart rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a low-cost reverse vortex flow gliding arc reactor that can be produced with materials available in the local market is proposed. The system is operated by a locally manufactured power supply with a continuous pulse voltage of 10 kV. The electrical characteristics of the resulting plasma are described. The plasma length and volume are computed for different argon gas flow rates, using an algorithm to isolate depictions of plasma from digital images of the system. The obtained results are encouraging with regard to the future production of systems for different plasma applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper provides a comparative assessment of the hemostatic activity of micro-mesoporous nanostructures of iron dioxide for capillary bleeding in vivo in an experiment on animals. Stopping bleeding on artificially reproducible models of bleeding wounds was carried out using the above studied materials. The results of the study were assessed in terms of the time of stopping bleeding and the volume of blood loss. Various degrees of hemostatic activity of the materials used and their effect on capillary bleeding were revealed: comparatively low hemostatic activity was observed in micro-mesoporous Fe2O3 nanoparticles than in the dressing material based on AlOOH nanostructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from the pre-existing vasculature, it is essential for tumor growth and development. Quantitative evaluation of vascular parameters that allow to identify angiogenesis in early stages of tumor development could have an impact on lesion detection, cancer treatment, and patient outcome. The aim of this study was to define the factors related to contrast medium administration and image acquisition that allow to quantify vascular parameters from contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography (CE-microCT) images. Type of contrastmedium, dose and image acquisition time were determined for single-energy (SE) and dual-energy (DE) CE-microCT imaging protocols using a tumor angiogenesis murine model. Enhancement and relative blood volume (rBV) were quantified from SE and DE images in muscle, tumor core, tumor periphery and the whole tumor. The differences in enhancement between muscle and the tumor regions quantified in SE images were not statistically significant. A statistically significant difference was found for rBV between muscle and tumor periphery in SE images, but the differences with tumor core and the whole tumor were not significant. For the DE protocol, more animals need to be included in the study in order to evaluate the differences in enhancement and rBV. Validation studies are also required to evaluate the correlation between rBV and angiogenesis biomarkers. Despite these limitations, rBV quantified from CE-microCT images seems to be a promising vascular parameter that could help to describe the angiogenic status of a tumor during cancer progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evidence of Parametric Decay Instabilities (PDI) excited by the ECH power injected in O-Mode has been explored in FTU Tokamak, using the Collective Thomson Scattering (CTS) diagnostic. The experiments show evidences to support the hypothesis of low-threshold excitation of waves generated by PDI mechanisms, formerly proposed in the case of 2nd harmonic X-mode injection in TEXTOR and ASDEX-U. Theoretical analysis predicts low-threshold parametric decay also for O-mode pump-wave injection, which can be injected in FTU at frequencies close to the first Harmonic EC resonance. Experiments were made at different magnetic fields, injecting the 140 GHz probe and observing the emission from the second antenna of the EC launcher in poloidally symmetric and asymmetric configurations, in presence of MHD islands. The signal is detected by the CTS radiometers, with a fast digitizer allowing the spectral reconstruction at very fine time and frequency scales. Different types of emissions are studied in detail, comparing them with the magnetic island rotation frequency in different plasma conditions. In order to locate the plasma volume originating the emissions, a new antenna and receiving line has been installed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxidation of propylene in the presence of water in a barrier discharge reactor is investigated. The using of water makes it possible to avoid the undesirable process of the formation of a deposit on the surface of the reactor electrodes and significantly reduces the ranges of the resulted reaction products. Main products of the process are propylene oxide, propanal, carbonyl compounds. There is no the effect of the presence of water in the discharge volume to plasma parameters. The kinetic model of the process is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most studies of blood pressure control consider only the relationship between blood pressure and heart rate. The aim of this work was to study the contribution of blood volume to the stability of blood pressure. Time series analysis was applied to three variables: systolic blood pressure (SBP), inter beat interval (IBI) and pulse volume (PV), in 10 healthy subjects who underwent an orthostatic challenge. During orthostatism, IBI was shortened due to decrease in vagal activity and increase in sympathetic activity to the heart. The mean SBP increased, with a trend of higher sympathetic activity to the blood vessels. However, mean PV decreased without change in the PV variability. Negative linear correlations between SBP and PV were observed in most cases. Moreover, the linear model explained better the variability of SBP in relation to PV than the relation between SBP and IBI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was designed to, investigate the healing effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) on diabetic foot ulcers and test two different exposure systems aimed at reducing the ELF-EMF exposure time of patients. In the first system the ELF-EMF were applied to the arm where only 3% of the total blood volume/min circulates at any given time. In the second system the ELF-EMF were applied to the thorax where more than 100% of the total blood volume/minute circulates at any given time. Twenty-six diabetic patients, with superficial neuropathic ulcers unresponsive to medical treatment were included in this preliminary report. In the first group (17 patients), the arm was exposed two hours twice a week to a extremely low frequency electromagnetic field of 0.45–0.9 mTrms, 120 Hz generated inside a solenoid coil of 10.1 cm by 20.5 cm long. In the second group the thorax of 7 patients was exposed 25 minutes twice a week to an electromagnetic field of 0.4–0.85 mTrms, 120 Hz generated in the center of a squared quasi-Helmholtz coil 52 cm by side. One patient was assigned to a placebo configuration of each exposure system with identical appearance as the active equipment but without magnetic field. Patients with deep ulcers, infected ulcers, cancer, or auto-immune disease were excluded. These preliminary results showed that the two exposure systems accelerate the healing process of neuropathic ulcers. Complete healing of the ulcer had a median duration of 90 days in both exposure systems. Therefore thorax exposure where more blood is exposed to ELF-EMF per unit of time was able to reduce 4.8 times the patient treatment time. In those patients assigned to the placebo equipment no healing effects were observed. This study will continue with a parallel, double blind placebo controlled protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One-minute oscillations in the oxygen saturation level of blood and the hemoglobin volume in calf muscular tissue were found during upright standing in humans. Spectral analyses indicated that one source of the one-minute wave in body fluid volume change is the spontaneous constriction of blood vessels triggered by an elevation of transmural pressure when blood pooling is evoked. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hemodialysis influences intradialytic hypotension, decreasing the blood volume (BV) in circulation. If intradialytic hypotension has continued, the patient may occur an unconscious. In this study, we focused on the changes of the BV in circulation to prevent them from intradialytic hypotension and unconscious. Based of hematocrit value correlate with the reflected light intensity from blood, we estimated BV. We constructed the mathematical model to explain the water movement from the extracellular to the intravascular compartment during hemodialysis. As a result, the changing pattern of BV differed on each patient, a coefficient of the water movement were estimated in this study. The coefficient of the water movement was invariable in the individual case and differed among patients. We could expect the individual change of BV by using the coefficient. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Cardiovascular responses induced by drinking water are blood hypo-osmolality dependent, mediated by TRPV4 receptors in the periphery and osmoreceptors in the CNS acting through sympathetic autonomic efferents1,2, rather than being related to either blood volume loading, or gastric distension1. We investigated the effects of the temperature and hypoosmolality of ingested drinks on cardiovascular parameters in healthy human volunteers who ingested 300ml of either isotonic saline solution or water at either 37 or 6 0C (n=9, aged 24±3 years). Written informed consent was obtained, and the studies were approved by the University of Wolverhampton Life Science Ethics Committee. Factors known to alter autonomic balance were controlled. Following an acclimatisation period (≥20 min.), heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were continuously monitored using a Finapres device (Ohmeda Ltd). Lead 2 of 3-lead ECG and pneumotrace respiratory strap were used to record ECG and respiratory movements. Subjects' ventilation was paced at 0.2 Hz, to standardise ventilatory function. Recordings lasted for 2 hours and were separated by at least one week. Five minutes of baseline recording were made prior to drink ingestion, followed by 5 minute recordings as various intervals. Cardiac vagal and sympathetic tone were assessed offline using time and frequency domain analysis of R-R interval variability and analysis of corrected QT interval (QTc).Cold saline decreased HR for 110 minutes (mean 2.035±0.26 beats/min reduction, p<0.01, paired t-test), with an increase in parasympathetic tone (mean 14.68±3.67 msec increase in RMSSD, p<0.01, paired t-test), with a concomitant reduction in systolic BP up to 20 minutes after ingestion (mean 11.5423±3.53 mmHg reduction in SBP, p<0.1, paired t-test). Conversely the combined hypo-osmolarity and cold effects of drinking cold water decreased HR for only 40 minutes (mean 3.15±0.86 beats/min reduction, p<0.01, paired t-test), with an increase in parasympathetic tone (mean 25.68±3.63 msec increase in RMSSD, p<0.05, paired t-test) and a fall in systolic BP up to 20 minutes after the drink (mean 5.8±0.45 mmHg reduction in SBP, p<0.1, paired t-test). Analysis of QTc following cold water ingestion indicated a shortening of QTc up to 80 minutes (mean 9.71±0.94 msec reduction in Qtc, p<0.01, paired t-test)3 after which it lengthened (mean 1.38±0.67 msec increase in Qtc, p>0.05, paired t-test) indicating a possible cardiac sympathetic withdrawal in the short term, but sympathetic reintroduction over the longer term. We conclude that the ingestion of the cold saline drink caused an increase in cardiac parasympathetic autonomic tone up to 110 minutes, but this was truncated with cold water drinking due to sympathetically mediated hypo-osmolarity effects leading to CVS parameters returning to near-resting levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]