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In the diagnosis and treatment of a patient, blood cell detection and classification is a critical activity. Skilled lab technicians manually inspect the blood cells in a conventional method, which is time-consuming and error-prone. With the recent advancements in image processing, deep learning and object detection techniques has acquired larger attention for automating the procedure of blood cell detection and classification. This article focuses on how image processing and machine learning can be used to morphologically characterise and recognise cell pictures collected from peripheral blood smears. Image processing techniques for blood cell detection are typically based on thresholding, segmentation and morphological operations. Machine learning algorithms can learn from data and adapt to new conditions allowing for more accurate and robust blood cell detection. Deep learning algorithms can learn to extract relevant features from raw image data, eliminating the need for manual feature engineering. Deep learning methodology is superior to traditional image processing methods in literature. This paper also focuses on typical generic architectures for object detection covering one stage as well as two stage detectors to improve the detection performance further. Multiple approaches to microscopic blood cells examinations are analysed and compared using various performance metrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blood is an important part of body fluids. The red blood cell is one of the parts of blood. Blood transfusions require the provider to know the recipient's blood type. The current method for determining blood type depends on a medical laboratory technician. This method is subject to errors in writing or reading the result, and thus, the error can be fatal. This study aims to create and test a blood group detection and classification prototype that can eliminate the possibility of human mistakes. The suggested method employs machine learning techniques to detect and classify blood groups. The system consists of practical and theoretical units. The practical unit includes collecting samples using main tools. The theoretical unit includes the process of using machine learning using four techniques: Logistic Regression (LR), Neural Network (NN), K-Nearest Neighbors Algorithm (KNN), and Support Vector Machines (SVM) in the orange program. The experimental results were conducted on 1300 raw data and using 50 samples using techniques LR, NN, KNN, and SVM. The experimental results proved that the accuracy for classifying the samples was 100% using techniques LR and NN, and the accuracy for classifying the raw data was 98% for each. In addition, the test time using Technique LR was 1.3 seconds. This study achieved high accuracy compared to previous studies according to the outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotechnology has numerous medical uses, including diagnosing, treating, and preventing cardiovascular diseases. Physical abnormalities, or heart and blood vessel malfunctions, are the major causes of heart attacks and strokes worldwide. Mathematical modeling could help us better understand these physiological conditions. Therefore, we present a mathematical model of a non-Newtonian fluid with therapeutic nanoparticles for a diseased model. In this study, nanoparticles were introduced into a blood vessel using a catheter, and a pressure gradient drove flow within the flow geometry. The perturbation method is used to solve the resulting mathematical model with permeable flow boundary conditions. A detailed discussion of blood flow analysis is presented, in which temperature and concentration dispersion, as well as flow field characteristics, are studied. These findings highlight the importance of therapeutic nanoparticles on physiological and pathological conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this Paper the authors made work on the field of Health Sector that is Blood Analysis. Analysis of Blood is playing a very vital role as it is a parameter for detection of several kinds of diseases. Blood analysis speaks of a Frame that comprises of several ingredients which are essentially symbol for specific Blood disease. In the current work we are focused on finding out or predicting the Disease with a parameter of care. We made a utilization of various ML models for the prediction of disease. ML is a very popular approach nowadays for solving variety of problems and thus we made this approach useable for solving our problem. The data set on which we conducted experiment is a self-generated dataset. The Accuracy of the Model comes after performing Training on around 402 Samples. The Data Set used is a Physician Consulted Data Set. We in this paper will observe by means of graphs and figures several aspects of the Data Set and the ML approach. The Comparative Analysis of the approaches is discussed in the Conclusion Section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to sense the non-diabetic and diabetic blood using silver nanoparticles (SNP) by nucleation and growth method in novel analytical analysis in nanotechnology. The nucleation and growth approach was utilized to make SNP. The groups were analyzed with the same sample size of 26 for each group and the total sample size is 52 with G power of 80%, and confidence interval of 95%. SEM and UV Visible spectroscopy was used to characterize nanoparticles. The absorbance and morphology of the samples is analyzed. Different absorbances in different wavelengths were evident in nanoparticles and is very essential to analyze the absorbance of the nanoparticles. The particles were analyzed from 200-700 nm. Sensing of diabetic blood with nanoparticles have high absorbance in the visible region of 440-490 nm in blue region whereas for non diabetic blood with silver nanoparticles, it is noted to have high absorbance in the visible region ranging about 200-400 nm in UV region. Morphological characteristics was analyzed using SEM to determine the size distribution of silver nanoparticles. The morphology (SEM) is taken to analyze the size distribution of the particle. The absorbance of non diabetic blood with nanoparticles has a statistically insignificant value of 0.227 (p>0.05) for 60mM concentration. Conclusion: The non-diabetic blood and diabetic blood is sensed using silver nanoparticles by nucleation and growth methods. Both of these capping agents are found to be less toxic which is not very suitable for antibacterial activity. So the synthesis of silver nanoparticles is suggested to be put forward in in-vivo analysis. The nanoparticles can be used to diagnose live cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is written as a review of new trends in monitoring the condition of oil in all factory area process [1]. Lubrication is a great source to detect in advance any troubles in the system and prevent the outage as blood analysis of a human body shows the issue inside a system. Active lubricant condition monitoring is a great approach to improve the reliability and put down the maintenance costs of equipment. The purpose of this article is about an active oil condition monitoring development with the use of on-line sensors. It discusses research, design, and setup of oil condition monitoring systems in the context of industrial revolution. These new solutions include sensor technologies are applicable for data-based maintenance and machine learning called predictive maintenance as a new paradigm which is going to replace the old one built on traditional routine preventive maintenance scheme. The analysis based on oil samples is an effective tribotechnical systems approach for early outage diagnosis. It has valuable information contained and give knowledge about the oil degradation process and the state of tribotechnical pairs [2] But it's very complicated as an online method of diagnostic in view of number of steps we need to go through. Different way of sampling, logistic and delivery process, different methods of testing are not able to provide hi-quality results in a short period of time. For the better understanding of the way of aging oil modern factories and plants need a new on-line method of pending machinery failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of the present investigation is to estimate the risks of ionization radiation exposure. This is performed by assessing the relationship between the intensities of ionization radiation exposure and the level of expression of the forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), which is expected to amplitude the fundamental hazards that radiological employees are subjected to. The current investigation was initiated in August and finished in December 2019. The study matrix consists of 60 contributors. These contributors were categorized into two main groups: radiographers (30 contributors) and healthy members as a control group (30 contributors). A complete blood picture analysis, FOXP3 level, and ESR were acquired by obtaining blood samples for all contributors. The dose equivalents of personal radiation were determined for all radiographers. The results of FOXP3 expression level for radiographers (p<0.0001) were remarkably higher than those obtained for the healthy contributors. In addition, it was noticed that the FOXP3 expression was positively related to personal radiation dose. The study showed that there is still a significant radiation risk even under well-prepared radiation protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes clinical indicators in mixed ectoparasitosis of sheep. The insectoacaricidal effect of the drug Lipomec 2% in psoriasis and siphunculatosis of sheep has been studied. The drug Lipomec 2% after injection to experimental animals subcutaneously at a dose of 0,4 mg / kg of body weight initially, and 0,2 mg / kg repeatedly showed 100% efficacy in mixed ectoparasitosis of sheep. Blood tests demonstrated various changes in general clinical indicators before and after the use of the drug. Lipomec 2% has a long-lasting effect after twice use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Laboratory Investigation method has recently become increasingly popular considering the method developed is very focused and easy to follow at every stage. The field of forensic chemical analysis is part of analytical chemistry which investigates inanimate objects so that they are able to provide accurate information in court. This study aims to apply the Laboratory Investigation method to the identification and analysis of non-fresh blood group samples of homicide victim models using identification infrared spectroscopy and non-fresh blood group analysis of homicide victim model samples using infrared spectroscopy. This study uses an experimental method. The initial step is to make a sample of the murder victim model and then extract the non-fresh blood by doing a swab process. Process Analysis was carried out through preliminary analysis using LMG reagents to distinguish human blood from animal blood. The analysis was continued by examining the ABO blood type by comparing it to fresh blood. Clumping analysis was performed using a digital microscope and blood group analysis was followed by infrared spectroscopy. However, laboratory investigation can be applied to facilitate the investigation and analysis of blood in the laboratory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yellow pumpkin is a local food that contains high fibre but low energy. Cookies are generally made from wheat flour. Wheat flour can be substituted with yellow pumpkin flour to make cookies. The purpose of this research was to compare the yellow pumpkin and mocaf flour cookies with wheat flour cookies on the level of two-hour post-prandial blood glucose—experimental studies with randomized pre-post control group design. The subjects are twenty healthy people. The treatment group received 40 grams of yellow pumpkin cookies with mocaf flour, and the control group received yellow pumpkin cookies with wheat flour. Data were collected by blood analysis using Easy Touch glucose meters; the paired t-test analyzed data. Before treatment, the fasting glucose levels were respectively 86.9 ± 9.44 mg/dl in the control group and 93.09 ± 7.6 mg/dl in the treatment group. After treatment, the two-hour post-prandial blood glucose levels were 97.5 ± 11.51mg/dl in the control group and 93.27 ± 10.3 mg/dl in the treatment group. There was a significant effect of yellow pumpkin cookies with mocaf flour on two-hour post-prandial blood glucose (p= 0.001). The treatment of yellow pumpkin cookies with mocaf flour has longer to increase two hours post-prandial blood glucose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis of elements in the human blood is crucial for diagnosing diseases in the human being. Human blood contains major, minor, and trace elements, which should balance in composition. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy has become a well-known technique for rapidly analysing elements in any sample, including liquid, solid, and gas. In this present work, we studied the effect of the laser wavelength on the sensitivity of elemental detection obtained from human blood. The Nd: YAG lasers used in this work are fundamental Nd: YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm and the third harmonic Nd: YAG laser with 355 nm. The result shows that the emission spectrum of elements obtained from the third harmonic Nd: YAG laser has higher emission intensity than the fundamental Nd: YAG. Some elements have been successfully identified, including C, H, O, Mg, Ca, Na, and Fe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood glucose and altered fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action (sensitivity), or both. Diabetes mellitus is primarily associated with several factors, specifically age, obesity, family history, impaired glucose metabolism, and lifestyle. This research was intended to determine the effectiveness of watermelon rind ethanol extract on blood glucose levels in Alloxan-induced diabetic rats using the GOD-PAP method, and to determine MDA levels. This research was classified as experimental research. The data were analyzed using the One Way ANOVA (Analysis of Variant) method with sig=0.05 to identify a significant difference between the Control group, Test Group I, II, III, IV, and V. If the value of F count>F table, then no significant difference was found. Therefore, it should be continued with the LSD Post Hoc Test to determine the differences between each treatment group. However, if F count

The complete blood count (CBC), a cost-effective blood test, offers insights into the cell composition of blood, including white and red blood cells and platelets. Novel inflammatory biomarkers derived from combinations of CBC parameters include the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, reflect systemic and local inflammation. In this retrospective study, we successfully leveraged bioinformatics analysis to examine potential correlations between CBC biomarkers and climate and environmental factors, including temperature, humidity, and rainfall, in Fokis, Greece for a 4-year period (2019-2022). Our findings provide valuable insights into how these environmental factors might influence blood cell parameters in the general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is designed to evaluate changes in TNF-α, some hematological and biochemical biomarkers of autistic patients. The study dealt with cases of autistic patients in Ibn Rushud Hospital, fifty-nine blood samples from autistic patients (30 males and 29 females), while a group of healthy volunteers 15 males and 15 females aged between two years to 14 years. Diagnosis of autistic patients was based on Immunological tests, whereby TNF-α levels were measured. a blood test was also performed, in which PLT and HGB levels were measured, and biochemical tests, AST and ALT, results revealed a substantial rise (P<0.001) in the level of TNF-α. Wherever decreased level of HGB significantly (P>0.001) while PLT level exhibited a major rise (p<0.05) and levels of aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) showed a substantial increase (p<0.001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malaria is a contagious disease that often occurs in Indonesia, especially in eastern Indonesia. This disease is caused by the Anopheles sp. females as intermediate hosts and distribution media for Plasmodium sp. to the mother. The use of traditional medicine as an alternative for malaria by the Maluku people has been carried out for generations, using the katang-katang plant (Ipomoea pes-caprae). Katang-katang plant is one type of plant that grows in coastal areas. This study aimed to determine the leukocyte differentiation of mice (Mus musculus) infected with Plasmodium bergei after administration of katang-katang leaf and katang-katang leaf milk and to determine the dose that gave the optimum effect. The results showed that katang-katang leaves could reduce the parasitemia percentage in blood analysis. The dose that affected the leukocyte differentiation of mice (Mus musculus) infected with Plasmodium bergei after administration of katang-katang leaf and katang-katang leaf milk was 6 g each with a parasitemia value of 0.6%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, the spongy tissue inside bones where blood cells are produced. In leukemia, there is an overproduction of abnormal white blood cells, which are produced in the bone marrow and accumulate in the blood, disrupting normal blood function. The abnormal white blood cells, called leukemic cells, are unable to perform their usual function of fighting infections and protecting the body from diseases, and instead, they crowd out healthy white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets, leading to anemia, infections, and bleeding. There are several types of leukemia, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). ALL and AML affect immature white blood cells that have not fully developed, while CLL and CML affect mature white blood cells that have developed more fully. ALL is more common in children, while AML is more common in adults. Leukemia can be acute or chronic, depending on how quickly the disease develops and progresses. In acute leukemia, the abnormal white blood cells multiply rapidly, and the disease progresses quickly, sometimes over a matter of weeks or months. Acute leukemia requires immediate treatment because the uncontrolled growth of leukemic cells can quickly lead to life-threatening complications. In chronic leukemia, the disease develops slowly, sometimes over many years, and the abnormal white blood cells accumulate gradually. Chronic leukemia may not cause symptoms for a long time, and it may be discovered incidentally during a routine blood test. Acute leukemia is identified by the rapid proliferation of immature, abnormal white blood cells in the bone marrow and blood. In contrast, chronic leukemia is identified by the accumulation of mature, abnormal white blood cells in the blood and bone marrow. The exact cause of leukemia is unknown, but several factors may increase the risk of developing the disease. These factors include exposure to radiation, certain chemicals, and viruses such as the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-1) and the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Genetic factors may also play a role in the development of leukemia, as some types of the disease are more common in families. The symptoms of leukemia can vary depending on the type of leukemia and the stage of the disease. Common symptoms include fatigue, weakness, fever, night sweats, weight loss, and frequent infections. Other symptoms may include bone pain, swollen lymph nodes, and easy bruising or bleeding. Diagnosis of leukemia usually involves a physical examination, blood tests, and a bone marrow biopsy. In a bone marrow biopsy, a small sample of bone marrow is removed and examined under a microscope for abnormal cells. Additional tests, such as imaging studies, may also be performed to determine the extent of the disease. Treatment for leukemia depends on the type of leukemia, the stage of the disease, and the age and overall health of the patient. Treatment options may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplantation, or targeted therapy. Chemotherapy involves the use of drugs to kill cancer cells, while radiation therapy uses high-energy radiation to destroy cancer cells. Stem cell transplantation involves replacing damaged bone marrow with healthy stem cells from a donor. Targeted therapy involves the use of drugs that target specific proteins or genes that are involved in the growth and spread of cancer cells. Acute leukemia is generally more difficult to treat than chronic leukemia, and the prognosis for advanced stages of the disease is generally poorer. However, advances in the treatment of leukemia have led to improved survival rates in recent years. In conclusion, leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. It is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal white blood cells, which interfere with the normal functioning of the immune system. The exact cause of leukemia is unknown, but several factors may increase the risk of developing the disease. Treatment for leukemia depends on the type of leukemia, the stage of the disease, and the age and overall health of the patient. While leukemia can be a serious and life-threatening disease, advances in treatment have led to improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the studies results on a new biologically active additive Fitos inclusion in the amount of 0.05-0.2% in addition to an industrial herd laying hens the main diet. In all experimental groups, the main feed nutrients digestibility indices improved: dry matter by 0.5-3.3%, organic matter by 0.7-3.0%, crude protein by 0.2-1.7%, crude fibre by 0.2-1.1%, crude fat by 0.3-1.6%. Also, the mineral metabolism improved, which confirms the substances positive balance, and the laying hens' assimilation by the body in comparison with the control group is higher: phosphorus by 0.4-2.6%, calcium by 0.2-1.1%. During a biochemical blood test, an increase in the total protein content and its albumin fraction was noted along with an increase in the phosphorus and calcium content. The laying hen's body vitamin provision improved - the vitamin A content in the laying hens' blood was 0.2-0.21 mg%, vitamin E - 0.73-0.76%. There was a tendency to improve the edible eggs biological value and quality - the carotenoids and vitamins A, E, B1, B2 and C content in the all-experimental groups eggs were higher than in the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Symposium 'Modern Trends in Livestock Production' is the property of Institute for Animal Husbandry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The metabolic process of the human body is a biological oxidation process, and the oxygen required in the metabolic process enters the human blood through the respiratory system, combines with hemoglobin in the red blood cells to form oxygenated hemoglobin, and then transports it to various tissue cells of the human body. The blood's ability to carry and transport oxygen is measured by blood oxygen saturation. So exploring the influencing factors of oxygen saturation and the trend of oxygen saturation in various age groups is of great significance to medicine and biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dengue infection is one of feared diseases in the public because it often results in death in sufferers. Patients suspected of dengue infection are usually routinely drawn their blood to be checked in the laboratory examination. Unfortunately, death can be caused by a lack of speed and proper handling according to the severity of the patient. Refer to this problem, it is necessary to predict dengue infection severity based on blood diagnose results. This is important to prepare the precise treatment according to the severity of patients in order to reduce the number of death from this disease. Because the patient's blood examination result is a multivariate dataset then in this paper the prediction was solved using multivariate method, namely discriminant analysis. In this method, the parameter estimation was carried out using Maximum Likelihood (ML) method. This leads to classic discriminant analysis. Unfortunately, the ML method is heavily influenced by outlier so the estimator becomes less precise when data has been contaminated by outliers. To overcome this problem, a robust estimation method using Minimum Covariance Determinant (MCD) was used. This leads to the robust discriminant analysis. This study used a sample of dengue infection patient medical record data from Surabaya Hajj Hospital. The result of this study showed that the appropriate analysis for sample data was the quadratic discriminant analysis. Furthermore, the robust quadratic model with MCD estimator produced better prediction than the classic quadratic model with ML estimator. The robust quadratic model produced percentage of classification accuracy of 87.2% in the male patient training data which is greater than the classic quadratic model accuracy of 85.7%. In the female patient training data, the robust quadratic model produced percentage of classification accuracy of 88.7% which is greater than the classic quadratic model accuracy of 80.7%. In addition, the MCD estimator was able to detect more outlier data than the ML estimator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hematology is a series of blood tests carried out to identify any problems or blood disorders based on the number of cells.There is a tendency to postpone hematological examinations because of the high demand for samples to be tested. Delayed analysis of blood samples can affect the reliability and validity of hematological testing results. This research aims to determine the characteristics of the blood impedance value stored in an EDTA tube for 6 hours based on the electrical impedance spectroscopy method. The number of blood cells factor influences the characteristic of blood impedance. Measurement of whole blood cell impedance was injecting 100 µA currents into the sample at the frequency range of 1 Hz to 1 MHz. The longer the blood is stored, the higher the blood impedance value. The condition happens because of changes in blood morphology during storage. The effect of blood storage time shows a shift in the characteristic impedance value after 2 hours of storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Graves' disease (GD), a kind of hyperthyroidism, an autoimmune thyroid disease is frequent in patients infected with HCV and the standard interferon-based treatment is related with high increase of the immune- mediated thyroid damageAim: The study aimed to determine the correlation between CD4, CD25 and progression of GD Methods: A case-control study included 94 patients attending to endocrine and diabetic center in AL-Najaf province with group of 30 healthy individual as control. All patients classified into three groups based on the results of blood test for TPO-Ab, TSHR -Ab and infected or non- infected with HCV. Viral load were detected by Real-Time PCR, T4, T3, TSH, TSH R.Ab. and TPO.Ab. measured by using enzyme linked fluorescent assay (ELFA) technique. HCV, CD4 and CD25 level were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: A positive TSHR and HCV was identified in 50 patients, 22 patients with positive TSHR and HCV negative, 22 patients with negative TSHR and HCV positive. The results revealed presence of HCV RNA in 72 (61.9%) with viral loads ranging from (26 × 102 -283 × 104)IU/ml and the male was recorded highest mean viral load, also this study shows levels of both CD4 and CD25 was increased in patient with Graves' disease and positive HCV.Conclusion: The present study concluded that the high concentration of inflammatory cytokines CD4. And CD25 play crucial role in pathogenesis of HCV that lead to GD and associated with an autoimmune thyroid disease [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subclinical ketosis is an important and common disease in early lactating dairy cows, associated with economic losses because of decreased milk production, decreased reproductive performance and increased risk of additional periparturient diseases. Subclinical ketosis is defined by increased blood concentrations of ketone bodies in the absence of clinical signs of ketosis. The gold standard for subclinical ketosis is the measurement of BHBA (β- hydroxybutyrate) in serum or plasma. Available on-site blood tests detect the disease with high accuracy, but are expensive and labor-intensive on a herd level. Introducing easier procedures for detecting the disease in practice, or at least reducing the number of animals which have to be blood-tested, by identifying animals at risk, are desired. Our approach is based on the SMARTBOW system, an ear-tag equipped with a 3D accelerometer, which records lying, standing, rumination and activity behavior. Blood samples for the measurement of BHBA were used as gold standard. We propose a new measure called MITOD (Minimal Total Distance), which aims to flexibly compare time series and compensate for possible alignment errors. This distance measure was incorporated in a machine learning approach and it's classification quality was compared with state of the art methods on our data to infer the health status of the considered animals. Our approach shows promising results for detecting subclinical ketosis and for classifying time series in general. This work has been supported by the COMET-K2 Center of the Linz Center of Mechatronics (LCM) funded by the Austrian federal government and the federal state of Upper Austria. Animal health data were collected in the agriProKnow project funded by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG, project# 848610). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imprinted zeolite modified carbon paste electrode as a potentiometric sensor for glucose analysis in blood serum sample has been developed. In this study, the type of used zeolite was TS-1. Imprinted zeolite (IZ) was synthesized with mole ratio of glucose/Si of 0.0306. The modified electrode prepared by mixing activated carbon, imprinted zeolite, and paraffin granule with mass ratio 9:4:7 from the measurement in range of 10-5 – 10-2 M is with Nernst factor of 28.6 mV/decade, and the detection limit of 4.79 x 10-5 M. The electrode was able to respond the glucose molecules in solution quickly (<30 s), stable for more than 9 weeks (130 times usage) and selective to glucose molecules. The urea, uric acid, and creatine with various concentrations did not interfere to glucose analysis by potentiometry using the electrode. Applying of the electrode for glucose analysis in spiked blood serum samples showed that it had recovery of 91.73±3.48% (n=5), while its accuracy against spectrophotometry method as commonly used method in medical field was 90.58±4.65% (n=5). Based on its performance, potentiometry using the imprinted zeolite modified carbon paste electrode is recommended as an alternative method for routine blood glucose analysis in the medical field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dietary fiber reduces the risk of developing diabetes. Nasi jagung is one of Indonesian foods made from corn. It contains higher fiber than corn. Nasi jagung can be consumed as a staple food instead of rice. The present study aimed to analyze the relationship between fiber intake from nasi jagung with fasting blood glucose level. This cross-sectional study included 57 healthy adults aged 31-45 years with nasi jagung consumption habit. Fiber intake from nasi jagung was assesed by using semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Fasting blood glucose level was using capillary blood analysis. Spearman Rho was used to analyze relationship between fiber intake from nasi jagung and fasting blood glucose level (􀁄=0.05). The average of fiber intake from nasi jagung and fasting blood glucose level were 1.13±1.2 g and 80.70±7.7 mg/dl, respectively. The correlation test result indicated a negative correlation between fiber intake from nasi jagung and fasting blood glucose level (r= -0.348, p= 0.008). This study indicated that those with nasi jagung consumption habit may benefit from a reduction in the incidence of developing diabetes by controlling blood glucose level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High cattle productivity related with intensive metabolism and intake of all nutrients in a certain amount. The blood chemistry value of cows taken biopreparation “Albit-Bio” was determined in this study. Thus, there was a correlation between the protein composition of the cow’s blood and the colostrum. In particular, in the first batch of cow’s colostrum, the dry matter content of the control and experimental groups of cows was 32.59±1.87%, and 38.09±0.93%, respectively. Similar differences were found in the content of other components of colostrum, which was the result of differences in the intensity of protein metabolism in animals. A positive correlation was found between the total protein content in the blood and the dry matter. The highest correlation coefficients were obtained from cows of the experimental group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study presents three-dimensional modelling and analysis of blood flow through carotid artery bifurcation in multiple cases hemodynamics modelling of fluid viscosity. The study considered Newtonian and non-Newtonian blood flow models and solved the three-dimensional laminar and steady Naiver-Stokes (NS) equations for different inlet velocity profiles. Two methods were used to define dynamic viscosity the Carreau Yasuda model and power law non-Newtonian. A comparative analysis was carried out for Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid models under simple pulsatile, equivalent pulsatile and physiological velocity profiles. The non-Newtonian model in Carreau and power law non-Newtonian showed a higher central velocity than the Newtonian model about 10%. The non-Newtonian model showed 80% higher Wall shear stresses, either the pressure results on the arterial wall were similar in all models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this fast world we should need to know the blood group and type. So quick and perfect identification of blood sample is very important during the urgent situation. This future proposal is to change the physical work in medical laboratories for identifying the blood sample. Usually, the blood group analysis is made in the laboratories and there are three types of blood group analyzing methods, they are ABO forward typing, ABO reverse typing and Rhesus type testing. In the laboratories ABO type and Rhesus type testing techniques are mainly used. In the ABO testing method is used to identify the blood sample group. In the Rhesus testing method is used to identify the positive and negative of blood group. Even though it is easy to identify the blood group of single sample blood, but when handling the large number of blood samples, it might lead to wrong analysis. In order to solve this problem and reducing the manual involvement and to get better reliable result, we design the machine which will automatically identify the blood group based on the application of Infra Red (IR) light source. When the IR light is focused towards the blood sample, the light intensity is changed due to the blood darkness. It will be sensed by the IR light detector. The blood group and type can be identified by the intensity value of the light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, a non-Newtonian model for blood flow within a stenosed artery is investigated numerically. Finite Element Method of Galerkin’s weighted residual scheme is used to solve the transport equations with appropriate boundary conditions. The main objective of this study is to explore the influence of magnetic field on the blood flow. The numerical results are presented in terms of the velocity, pressure distribution and shear rate of the stenosed artery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The blood movement of a Williamson fluid with uniform applied magnetic field is studied in a micro-channel produced by the transport of the waves of peristalsis by the unchanged speed however having distinct amplitudes and phase on the elastic walls. The article is also expressed and examined by a regular perturbation sequences of a Weissenberg number as a parameter. We further obtain an explicit design for the axial velocity and the pressure gradient up to the first order. The impact of different pertinent parameters of the fluid flow phenomena is exposed and conversed with the assistance of several graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was carried out to demonstrate the baseline values for some serum biochemical parameters for 64 adult freshwater fish including seven species belong to family Cyprinidae, have been collected in Dukan Lake, Kurdistan region-Iraq. Fishes were weighed, measured, and collect blood for blood chemistry. Serum biochemical analyses were determined using (Cobas C 311) full automatic chemical analyzer. The result of comparative study of serum biochemical parameters of all Cyprinidae species showed that serum glucose was (459.10±106.99 mg/dl) and direct bilirubin was (0.056±0.021mg/dl) in Barbus grypus, serum total protein (3.511± 0.0484gm/dl) and HDL (133.11±0.4231mg/dl) in Cyprinus carpio, serum cholesterol (338.33±43.923 mg/dl) and LDL (86.11±11.871mg/dl) in Carassius carassius, serum triglyceride (420.0±28.8mg/dl) and ALK (113.93±20.65U/L) in Chondrostoma regium, serum AST and serum ALT in Capoeta trutta, were significantly higher when compared to other species. In a conclusion there is variation in biochemical values among species of same family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted to examine the effects of propolis extract (PE) on the growth (G), growth rate (GR), specific growth rate (SGR) and blood profile (erythrocyte, leukocyte, and hemoglobin) of catfish (Pangasius djambal). five groups of fish with three replicates, containing 10 fish each group were fed various concentration of PE, viz 2 (P1), 4 (P2), 6 (P3), 8 (P4) and 10 (P5) g kg-1 of PE in a basal diet and compared to control (C) fish without PE at a rate 3% of body weight for 4 weeks. At the end of the trial, G, GR, SGR, and blood profile (erythrocyte, leukocyte, and hemoglobin) of all groups of fish were examined. The results showed that PE in the fish diet significantly increased G, GR, SGR, erythrocyte, hemoglobin while leukocyte was not affected by dietary any concentration of PE. The dietary 10 g kg-1PE in the diet of fish showed the highest growth while the highest number of erythrocyte and hemoglobin activity was found in the fish fed 6 g kg-1 PE in the diet. These findings suggested that the inclusion of PE higher than 8 g kg-1 in the diet is beneficial to improve growth, growth rate, specific growth rate, erythrocyte and hemoglobin of Pangasius djambal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Influence of feed intake on blood chemistry parameters in Kacang goats was studied. Nine clinically healthy female adult goats were used in this study. Animals were kept in individual box for 8 weeks. During the first 4 weeks the animals were fed at the level of about 40% of the feed requirement for maintenance plus medium activity (the restricted feeding period) and during the 5th-8th week (the fullfeeding period) they were offered full feed intake for maintenance plus medium activity (dry matter intake at the level of 3% of body weight). Feed intake was measured daily and the body weight was measured weekly. Blood samples were collected at the end of the 4th week and the 8th week for blood chemistry analyses. Paired t-test was used to evaluate the effects of feed intake on blood chemistry parameters. Restricted feeding (0.320±0.065 kg dry matter/d) for 4 weeks in clinically healthy female adult Kacang goats resulted in a decrease of body weight gain as well as serum calcium and protein concentrations, but in an increase of serum creatinine and inorganic phosphate concentrations. No significant feed intake related changings of blood pH and base excess were observed. There were some indications that the animals might use their fat and protein as energy reserves during the restricted feeding. In conclusion, nutritional status has significant influence on some blood chemistry parameters in Indonesian Kacang goats. Serum calcium, inorganic phosphate, creatinine, and protein concentrations are nutritionally related blood metabolits which are useful for assessment of nutritional status in Kacang goats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To analyze the blood of patients who took vitamin B12 for a period of time, two different medicine measurement methods were used (one is the established method, with more human intervention, and the other method uses essentially machines). Given the non-normality of the differences between both measurement methods, the limits of agreement are estimated using also a non-parametric approach to assess the degree of agreement of the clinical data. The bootstrap resampling method is applied in order to obtain robust confidence intervals for mean and median of differences. The approaches used are easy to apply, running a friendly software, and their outputs are also easy to interpret. In this case study the results obtained with (non)parametric approaches lead us to decision whether agreement is acceptable or not is always a clinical judgment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piperine, the most important compound of black pepper, is used for treating several diseases such as breast, colon, rectal, and stomach cancer. In this study, the thermodynamical properties of this molecule in blood were obtained by using DFT and HF at the level of B3LYP/6-31+g(d,p). The results of calculations indicate that Piperine is less stable. So, ıt can react easily with radicalic forms and decrease their harmful effects and damage to the cell structures. It can dissolves in blood and reaches every tissues of the body because of the high polarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead toxicosis is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in wildlife. Diagnosis is typically achieved through blood lead testing; however, this value does not necessarily correlate with total body burden of lead. Blood lead level also does not differentiate between acute and chronic lead exposure.2 Portable x-ray fluorescent (XRF) analyzers are used in industry to noninvasively quantify the concentrations of elements present in various materials. Previous studies have validated the use of portable XRF analyzers to measure bone lead in children, California condors (Gymnogyps californianus), common loons (Gavia immer), and wedge-tailed eagles (Aquila audax audax).3-6 Bone lead is more reflective of total body burden, as the majority of lead is stored in mineralized tissue.7 We sought to validate the use of a portable XRF analyzer on trumpeter swans (Cygnus buccinator) to understand the degree and chronicity of lead exposure. We performed measurements on tarsometatarsal bones from trumpeter swans using both a commercial portable XRF analyzer (Niton XL3t 950 GOLDD+, Thermo-Fisher, Waltham, MA USA) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). XRF measurements were taken on bone through soft tissue, on excised bone, and on soft tissue alone. Significant correlations were found between bone XRF measurements with and without soft tissue. A linear relationship was found between XRF measurements of bone lead and ICP-MS results. These results suggest that a portable XRF analyzer can be used to measure bone lead in trumpeter swans. Future study will determine if these data better predict patient outcomes in rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study a host-vector model involving the interplay of competitive displacement mechanism in a specific DENV serotype, both in human blood and mosquito blood. Using phylogenetic analysis, world virologists investigate the severe manifestations of dengue fever caused by the displacements within weakly virulent pathogens (native strains) by more virulent pathogens (invasive strains) in one serotype. We construct SIR model for human and SI model for mosquito to explore the key determinants of those displacements. Analysis of nonnegativity and boundedness of the solution as well as the basic reproduction number (R0) are taken into account for verifying the model into biological meaningfulness. To generate predictions of the outcomes of control strategies, we derive an optimal control model which involves two control apparatus: fluid infusion (for human) and fumigation (for vector). Numerical results show the dynamics of host-vector in an observation period, both under control and without control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the number of diseases related to the thyroid gland function inefficiency is increasing all around the world. Studies show the ratio of incidence of this kind of diseases is between 10% - 20%, in Turkey. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent irremediable events related with thyroid disorders and reduction of financial burden for medication of these diseases. Thus, blood tests, especially T3, T4 and TSH are essential for diagnosing thyroid gland related diseases. In our study, we generate a Mamdani type Fuzzy Logic system and an Artificial Neural Network system to create an insight about thyroid related diseases. Our systems give advice to users with regarding to their T3, T4 and TSH results and warn them if there is inconsistency. Real data set of healthy and diagnosed patients' blood test results were used. Our results show that although presented Artificial Neural Network system as easy to implement as Fuzzy Logic System but presented fuzzy logic system creates more accurate results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HIV-blood interactions were studied using the Hamaker coefficient approach as a thermodynamic tool in determining the interaction processes. Application was made of the Lifshitz derivation for van der Waals forces as an alternative to the contact angle approach. The methodology involved taking blood samples from twenty HIV-infected persons and from twenty uninfected persons for absorbance measurement using Ultraviolet Visible Spectrophotometer. From the absorbance data the variables (e.g. dielectric constant, etc) required for computations were derived. The Hamaker constants A11, A22, A33 and the combined Hamaker coefficients A132 were obtained. The value of A132abs = 0.2587x10-21Joule was obtained for HIV-infected blood. A significance of this result is the positive sense of the absolute combined Hamaker coefficient which implies net positive van der Waals forces indicating an attraction between the virus and the lymphocyte. This in effect suggests that infection has occurred thus confirming the role of this principle in HIVblood interactions. A near zero value for the combined Hamaker coefficient for the uninfected blood samples A131abs = 0.1026x10-21Joule is an indicator that a negative Hamaker coefficient is attainable. To propose a solution to HIV infection, it became necessary to find a way to render the absolute combined Hamaker coefficient A132abs negative. As a first step to this, a mathematical derivation for A33 = 0.9763x10-21Joule which satisfies this condition for a negative A132abs was obtained. To achieve the condition of the stated A33 above with possible additive(s) in form of drugs to the serum as the intervening medium will be the next step. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because egg white denatures at elevated temperature due to its protein content, it has the potential for use as a blood coagulation surrogate in pre-clinical evaluations of thermal therapy procedures such as high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) surgery. We therefore have measured the relevant physical properties of egg white, including coagulation temperature, frequency-dependent attenuation, sound speed, viscosity, and thermal properties, as a function of temperature (20 - 95°C). Thermal coagulation and attenuation (5-12 MHz) of cow blood, pig blood, and human blood also were assessed and compared with egg white. For a 30 s thermal exposure, both egg white and blood samples started to denature at 65°C and coagulate into an elastic gel at 85°C. The temperature-dependent parameters were found to be similar to that of the blood samples. For example, the attenuation of egg white ranged from 0.23f1.09 to 2.7f0.5 dB/cm over the 20°C - 95°C range. These results suggest that egg white would make a useful blood mimic for bench testing of therapeutic ultrasound devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, there has been great progress for applications of nanomaterials in medicine field. Human body consists of many atoms and they can be treated like as nanomaterials. One of them is oxygen. Oxygen is always found in the human blood. Its concentration in human blood gives information about the metabolism in the body. The purpose of this study was to look for a possibility for developing tool to detect the concentration of oxygen in blood. In this study, the giant-magneto-resistance (GMR) sensor is implemented. The GMR sensor has many attractive features, for example: reduced size, low-power consumption, low price, as compared to other magnetic sensors and its electric and magnetic properties can be varied in very wide range. In this experiment, we developed the structure of GMR materials NiCoFe/Cu/NiCoFe sandwich as a GMR sensor. The NiCoFe/Cu/NiCoFe sandwiches were grown onto Si (111) substrates by the dc-opposed target magnetron sputtering (dc-OTMS) technique. The sputtering targets were NiCoFe and Cu. To achieve the aims of this study, the blood transports in human will be simulated using a simple experimental model. This model has some parameters representing those in blood transport. Furthermore, the nanomagnetic material will be made as a contaminant particle in blood. Using this material some properties of the transport will be investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using Neutron Activation Analysis Zn concentrations were determined in blood of horses (Creole breed). No significant difference was observed between male (0.0029±.0007 gL-1) and female (0.0031±.0011 gL-1) animals. These data are an important support to understand the physiological functions of Zn in blood during the process of sera production at Butantan Institute (São Paulo, Brazil) using horses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this investigation the sodium levels in blood were analyzed in athletes submitted to constant load exercise at treadmill (LABEX and UNICAMP) by NAA. These data were compared with the rest condition (before starting the exercise program) as well as with the sodium levels of the healthy group (control group) select from Blood Banks. The results showed alterations in sodium levels of the athletes during the exercise training, mainly increase, suggesting the necessity of its evaluation during physical activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the subpopulations of human blood parameters including lymphocytes, the mid-cell fractions (eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes), and granulocytes were determined by electronic sizing in the Health Centre of Universiti Sains Malaysia. These parameters have been correlated with human blood characteristics such as age, gender, ethnicity, and blood types; before and after irradiation with 0.95 mW He-Ne laser (λ = 632.8 nm). The correlations were obtained by finding patterns, paired non-parametric tests, and an independent non-parametric tests using the SPSS version 11.5, centroid and peak positions, and flux variations. The findings show that the centroid and peak positions, flux peak and total flux, were very much correlated and can become a significant indicator for blood analyses. Furthermore, the encircled flux analysis demonstrated a good future prospect in blood research, thus leading the way as a vibrant diagnosis tool to clarify diseases associated with blood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses patterns concerning lead poisoning in mute swans (Cygnus olor) in Ireland, focusing on County Cork and Cork Lough. The authors studied blood samples to determine lead levels in adult swans and cygnets from both urban and rural sites. Seasonal variations in lead levels, indicators of health status, and the use of lead shot and lead weights are examined. The authors conclude that some swans still face sublethal threats from lead in the environment.

A novel minimally invasive way to measure blood glucose concentration is proposed by combining interstitial fluid (ISF) transdermal extraction and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) detection. 55 kHz low-frequency ultrasound pulses are applied for 30 seconds to enhance the skin permeability and then interstitial fluid is extracted out of skin by vacuum. The glucose concentration in the interstitial fluid is determined using an optical SPR sensor that measures the refractive index. A protein-glucose binding technology using D-galactose/D-glucose Binding Protein for specific absorption of glucose is also employed to increase SPR measurement precision. The mathematical model to express the correlation between interstitial fluid glucose and blood glucose is also developed by considering the changes of the skin conductivity. The feasibility of this method is validated for clinical application with the requirements of bloodless, painless, continuous glucose monitoring and a prototype microfluidic diabetes-monitoring device is under development with a current glucose resolution of approximately 1 mg/l. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of Raman spectroscopy to analyze blood biochemistry and hence distinguish between normal and abnormal blood was investigated. Blood samples were obtained from 6 patients who were clinically diagnosed with leukemia and 6 healthy volunteers. The imprint was put under the microscope and several points were chosen for Raman measurement. All the spectra were collected by a confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy (Renishaw) with a NIR 830 nm laser. It is shown that the serum samples from patients with leukemia and from the control group can be discriminated when the multivariate statistical methods of principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminated analysis (LDA) are applied to their Raman spectra. The ratios of some band intensities were analyzed and some band ratios were significant and corresponded to proteins, phospholipids, and polysaccharides. The preliminary results suggest that Raman Spectroscopy could be a new technique to study the degree of damage to the bone marrow using just blood samples instead of biopsies, treatment very painful for patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]