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FastCaloSim is a parameterized simulation of the particle energy response and of the energy distribution in the ATLAS calorimeter. It is a relatively small and self-contained package with massive inherent parallelism and captures the essence of GPU offloading via important operations like data transfer, memory initialization, floating point operations, and reduction. It was identified by the High Energy Physics Center for Computational Excellence project as a good testbed for evaluating the performance and ease of portability of programming models. In this paper, we will discuss the results of our evaluation of the porting process to Kokkos, SYCL, Alpaka, OpenMP and std::par (nvc++), and compare performance on NVIDIA, AMD and Intel GPUs, as well as multicore CPUs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Random number generator is an important component of many scientific projects. Many projects are written using programming models (like OpenMP and SYCL) to target different architectures. However, some programming models do not provide a random number generator. In this work, we introduce our random number generator wrapper. It is a header-only library that supports three distributions of random numbers: uniform, normal, and poisson. On the GPU backend, it wraps the cuRAND and rocRAND library, and supports various random number engines. It also wraps random123, a counterbased random number generator, on both CPU and GPU. With this library, we can generate random numbers with a few lines of code and target both GPU and multi-thread CPU with the same code. We also investigate the performance and scalability of this wrapper on different architectures with different engines and the number of cores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we argue that sub-supplier sustainability compliance in developing countries' apparel supply chains can be better achieved by accounting for what we conceptualize as sub-suppliers' customer share of production, e.g., the share of production that sub-suppliers sell to 'exporting' direct suppliers that target the international market vis-à-vis 'local' direct suppliers that target the domestic market. Through a qualitative study in the Pakistani apparel supply chain, we theorize a model indicating that the more sub-suppliers sell to exporting direct suppliers, the more they face coercive, competitive and collaborative pressures for sustainability compliance, and the more they are incentivized to invest in sustainability compliance. Correspondingly, sub-suppliers' customer share of production can explain why some sub-suppliers are likelier to invest in sustainability compliance, some to decouple it, and others to invest proactively beyond it. Our article extends the multi-tier sustainable supply chain management literature and offers practical guidance to purchasing managers to attain sub-supplier sustainability compliance in developing countries' apparel supply chains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]