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Illinoia (Masonaphis) lambersi (MacGillivray, 1960), a macrosiphine aphid species that mainly lives on Rhododendron spp., is native to western North America, but adventive in Europe, Macaronesia, South America, and West Asia. This species is regarded internationally as distributed in Japan, but no reliable literature records its distribution in Japan. The present paper, for the first time, formally reports the occurrence of I. lambersi in Japan and East Asia based on specimens collected in 1983 in Sapporo and 2020–2021 in Pippu, Hokkaido, Japan. Rhododendron molle subsp. japonicum was a principal host plant for I. lambersi in Hokkaido. Rhododendron albrechtii and R. × mucronatum were newly recorded as hosts for I. lambersi. Fundatrices were found in the populations in Pippu, indicating that the populations are holocyclic, as reported also in western North America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From eight years, 2012-2019, of field research, critical work in herbariums and literature reviews, we have established and identified as alien in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Area (YaNAA) a list of 216 vascular plant species from 144 genera and 35 families. The set of the ten richest families, by the number of species, alters in that the alien flora includes such families as Fabaceae, Polygonaceae and Chenopodiaceae, whereas the Cyperaceae, Salicaceae and Juncaceae families are absent from it. The richest by the number of species genus in the alien flora of the YaNAA is Chenopodium. We have classified the non-native species by the degree of naturalization, means of introduction and frequency of occurrence. We considered all alien species as kenophytes. For some arrival into the region can be traced back to 17th century, but most of them appeared at, or since, the end of 20th century or later. We distinguished three groups according to the naturalization degree: ephemerophytes (70%), kolonophytes (15%), and epekophytes (15%). Life history strategies and growth forms of the alien species differ from the native ones, with absolute dominance of herbaceous forms and a high proportion of annuals among them. By means of introduction, xenophytes prevail (82%), the remainder being number of ergasiophytes and xenoergasiophytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Weed activity is an integral criterion based on the abundance and frequency of weeds occurrence in crops. Identifying the aggressive, underactive and nonactive weed species is essential for effective agriculture management. In arable plant communities of the Central Urals there are four activity groups of weeds. The group of the most active (aggressive) weeds includes 40 species or 16% of weed species present in the Central Urals. Within this group, weeds most common in crops form a group of highly active species with a high abundance (7% of the total weed species composition). The remaining 9% comprise a group of moderately active weeds which can also be considered as the most adapted to arable plant communities. Underactive and nonactive weeds make up most of the area's weed species composition (84%). Underactive weeds (82 species or 32%) were found in arable plant communities of many crops, but mainly in small numbers. The group of nonactive weeds was the most diverse and included about half of the weed species present in the Central Urals (52%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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