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Hashimoto's Thyroiditis is prevalent among type 1 diabetic patients. Prevalence rate can be dependent on many factors like geographical area, level of HbA1C, duration of diabetes, age & BMI of the patient. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis among insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients in the Jaipur district. This prospective, single-centered & clinical-based study includes a total of a hundred and twenty-five subjects (87 males & 38 females) with type 1 diabetes among them 10.4% were children, 41.6% were Adolescents, and 48% were Adults. The age ranged from 4 to 65 years (mean age 21.42 ± 11.02) selected from Endocrine OPD of Sawai Man Singh (S.M.S) Medical College and Hospital, jaipur, rajasthan between June 2017 and August 2017. Mean age, extent of diabetes, and BMI of subjects were determined according to the physical examination and information collected through Performa. Detailed clinical examination was done to detect Hashimoto's thyroiditis followed by appropriate hematological and biochemical investigations like Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), and Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase Autoantibodies (Anti-TPO). Categorical data were analyzed by Chi-Square test & continuous data was analyzed by Pearson Correlational test & p-value was calculated. After screening, 44% of patients had sera-positivity for Anti-TPO (55 out of 125) & 56% (70/125) of patients had negative for Anti-TPO. Among fifty-five autoimmune thyroiditis patients, 12 (0% Children, 16.7% Adolescents, & 83.3% Adults) were women & 43 (7% Children, 32.5% Adolescents, & 60.5% Adults) were men. Patients with higher anti-TPO titer were comparatively older than those who had anti-TPO levels within the normal range (mean age of the subjects respectively 24.4 ± 11.61, 19.07 ± 10.13). Patients with positive anti-TPO had a higher BMI (21.26 ± 9.69) than patients who were negative (17.9 ± 2.79) for autoimmune thyroiditis. It is also observed that the duration of diabetes has a positive correlation with the level of anti-TPO, r value – 0.3204. In conclusion, Thyroiditis is more prevalent in adults than children & adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Regular screening of thyroid antibodies may be suggested in all type 1 diabetic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To identify quantitative variations of serum and saliva IL-1b related to the intensity of periodontal damage in patients associating thyroid autoantibodies. Material and method: The study group included a number of 70 patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (CAT), that had oral examination and are classified by the presence and severity of chronic periodontitis (CP) lesions - mild (n = 20; 20.5%), medium (n = 14; 20%), severe (n = 12; 17%) and the absence of periodontal lesions (n = 24; 34.5%). Serum and salivary levels of IL-1b (ELISA) were assessed comparatively among the patients in the four study groups. Results: There were no significant differences between the median values of serum IL-b levels (pg/ml) corresponding to the four study groups (2,44; 2,56; 1,97; 1,77) (p = 0,764), respectively the distribution of serum IL levels (pg / ml) are considered the same regardless of the presence or absence of periodontal lesions (p = 0,440). Significant differences were recorded between the median values of salivary IL levels (pg / ml) corresponding to the four studied groups (36,81; 51,22; 60,48; 21,47) (p <0.001, Median Test), respectively the distribution of mean values was different depending on the severity of periodontitis (p <0.001). Conclusions: In patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis there is an intensified salivary inflammatory effect with a high degree of severity depending on the degree of periodontal damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The study of vitamin D and the interest in its actions are growing exponentially given its broad implications in pathology. Vitamin D assessment and treatment are controversial topics that result in heterogeneous, partially contradictory opinions and recommendations. The aim of the study was to quantify the level of vitamin D among patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases through a questionnaire applied to residents of Dobrogea, perimarine area of Romania. Methods: The questionnaire included variables such as: age, sex, environment of origin, occupation, associated diseases and treatments, information on diet and the time of sun exposure. The study was conducted over a period of 1 year (January 2019 - January 2020) and included 2 groups of patients (n = 323): group 1 (n = 164) - patients with autoimmune thyroid disease and a control group - group 2 (n = 159) - patients without thyroid pathology. Patients with other risk factors regarding vitamin D status were excluded from the study. Among these patients, serum levels of 25- (OH) - vitamin D and thyroid hormone profile were evaluated. Results: Predicted vitamin D deficiency - was found according to the questionnaire in group 1 at 80.5% compared to 74.8% in the control group. Following serum dosing, vitamin D deficiency was found in group 1 at 75.6% compared to the control group - 64.7%, being significantly higher among female patients in both study groups. Considering the participation period to the study: 61.5% of the patients from group 1 participated in autumn / winter, respectively 68.5% of the patients from group 2. Among them, the predicted but also measured vitamin D deficiency being significantly more frequent compared to those participating in spring / summer. The age group at which the predicted vitamin D deficiency was most common was 18-50 years. Conclusions: Because vitamin D deficiency screening is not recommended among the general, asymptomatic population, and most society and international guidelines recommend assessing vitamin D status only in high-risk groups, the development of a standardized questionnaire may be useful in predicting vitamin D deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective of the study Identification of maternal-fetal outcome in women with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis associated with vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and postpartum. Material and methods: The study included a group of 36 pregnant women diagnosed with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis and normal thyroid function. Patients were monitorized starting with the first trimester of pregnancy and postpartum. In the first trimester, the serum levels of TSH, FT4, antithyroperoxidase antibodies (TPOAb) and antithyroglobulin antibodies (TGAb.) were dosed. The values of constants measured in the first trimester were compared with the values obtained in the third trimester and were supplemented with the dosage of 25- (OH) -vitamin D level. Based on the values obtained, the pregnant women were divided into two groups: group 1 = vitamin D < 20 ng / ml; group 2 = vitamin D > 30 ng / ml. Materno-neonatal outcomes analysed were: maternal–miscarriage risk, premature birth and neonatal - birth weight, respiratory distress, neonatal hypothyroidism. Results: In the group of pregnants that associated vitamin D deficiency (67%) compared to pregnants with normal vitamin D level (33%) (p <0.001), the data showed an increased incidence of both maternal and fetal complications. Differences of moderate statistical significance (p <0.05) were observed for TSH serum compared in the first / third trimester for each study group, although TSH mean values had a rising trend in both groups in the third trimester. Antithyroid antibodies recorded a significant increase (p <0.001) in serum compared to I/III trimester for TPOAb in group 2 and for TGAb in group 1. Statistical differences between groups were recorded in the first trimester for TPOAb (p < 0.03). Maternal-neonatal outcome shows a significant incidence in favor of the group with vitamin D deficiency: miscarriage risk (25%: 8.3%, RR = 3.01); respiratory distress (12.5: 8.3%; RR = 1.5); mean newborn weight (2747: 3410g; p <0.005). Consumption of nutritional supplements during pregnancy was more common in group 2 (58.3%) than in group 1 (45.8%); Conclusions: Involvement of low vitamin D levels in chronic autoimmune thyroiditis with normal thyroid function appears to be likely to have an effect in materno - neonatal outcomes during pregnancy and postpartum. The low percentage of pregnant women consuming vitamin supplements in pregnancy poses problems of compliance and nutritional quality of supplements. The identification of vitamin D deficiency in the third trimester of pregnancy recommends including its determination in prenatal screening and during pregnancy as weel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgroud: The autoimmune process presents lesional similarities between chronic autoimmune thyroiditis and chronic periodontitis. The development of non-specific autoimmunity in periodontal disease is correlated with microbial aggression in the periodontal plaque. The increased incidence of periodontal lesions found in patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis suspects pathogenic intercorelation. Methods: The study included patients of both sexes with periodontal disease: group 1 - associating chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (CAT); group 2 - without thyroid involvement. Periodontal status was assessed differently: incipient, medium, advanced. Simplified oral hygene index (OHI-S) was interpreted in the range of values: 0.1 - 1.2; 1,3 - 3; 3.1 - 6. Statistically correlated variables: simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S), periodontitis severity, patient sex, TSH serum level, autoimmunity involvement - antithyroid peroxidase (ATPO) - antithyroglobulin (ATG) - antinuclear (ANA) – antibody (Ab). Results: The severe periodontal disease: is more common in group 1 (p=0.043), not influenced by the sex of the patients; the presence of ANA mainly in the female sex (58.4%) is not correlated with the severity of periodontal disease (p = 0,44). Linear monofactorial regression: mean interdependence between s-OHI and patient age (r=0.63; p=0.018), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) respectively (r = 0.55, p = 0.0003). Linear multifactorial regression: direct proportional relationship between OHIS and TSH, ATPO, ATG (r=0.56; p=0.001) and intensified with age (r = 0.78; p <0.001). The effect of autoimmunity on s-OHI (ANOVA test applied for both study groups): for ATPO (Pr=78.66%; r =0.73; p=0.05); for ATG (Pr = 94.06%; r = 0.73; p = 0.042); both antibodies (Pr=96.28%; r =0.87; p=0.003); correlated with age (r=0.99; p <0.001). Conclusions: The implication of thyroid autoimmunity and dysfunction on dental plaque index and the severity of the evolutionary stage of periodontitis, raises the suspicion of etiopathogenic and evolutionary intercorrelations of the two diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper we provide a mathematical model that describe the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis in autoimmune (Hashimoto's) thyroiditis. Since there is a spatial separation between thyroid and pituitary gland in the body, time is needed for transportation of thyrotropin and thyroxine between the glands. Thus, the distributed time delays are considered as both weak and Dirac kernels. The delayed model is analyzed regarding the stability and bifurcation behavior. The last part contains some numerical simulations to illustrate the effectiveness of our results and conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]