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Inter-island ferry services in archipelagic countries have their characteristics. Instability in the number of passengers is common at ports in the hinterland. This condition is reinforced by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has occurred globally in the last two years. Furthermore, to maintain performance, port-time service optimization is needed. This research was conducted at an inter-island port in Riau Archipelago, an archipelagic area directly adjacent to Singapore, Malaysia, and the South China Sea. The research method is to optimize port-time services using the simplex method. The results showed that the basic solution of the optimum solution with a value of z = 65 with x1 = 2.00 and x2 = 0.75. The most optimum port-time service is achieved within 65 minutes by reducing activities at risk of transmitting COVID-19. One of the new-normal approaches is by eliminating the face-to-face shipping administration management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to support the success of a road infrastructure development project in the islands of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) where the island area has abundant coral resources and can be used as a coarse aggregate material in an asphalt mixture. The hope is that the material can be used and reduce project costs if you have to bring crushed stone from other areas. The results of this study were evaluated using the 2018 Highways Revision III specification using the Marshall Testing Method. From the results of tests carried out at the Laboratory of the Public Works and Public Housing Office of East Nusa Tenggara Province, the results of testing for specific gravity and water absorption of coarse aggregate (Coral Rock 3/4") have a specific gravity (apparent) of 2.555 and water absorption of 1.559%. Meanwhile, the optimum asphalt achieved was 5.66%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nest selection is a crucial behavior for sea turtles due to its role as the initial step in providing fitness and survival for their offspring. The Kepulauan Seribu consists of a group of low-lying islands off the coast of Jakarta that experience different degrees of natural and anthropogenic pressures, resulting in variations in local environmental conditions. Nest selection of hawksbill turtles in this island group has not been conducted broadly; studies are only available from a few islands. This is challenging for practitioners to address conservation practices based on data primarily compiled from only a tiny subset of islands to other preferred islands by hawksbill turtles for oviposition. This study aimed to identify the environmental characteristics of the nests selected by hawksbill turtles for nesting at a population level and identify the differences in nest selection between sub-populations/islands. Our findings supported the idea that hawksbill turtles in Kayu Angin Bira and Peteloran Timur chose non-random sites for nesting, which is demonstrated by the differences in the statistical values of the sites chosen by turtles for nesting compared to vacant sites. However, we also observed behavioral plasticity in nest selection by turtles in both islands on most of the variables observed, except beach width and sand grain size. Despite its differences, we figured out that the preferences of turtles on these six variables are likely under stabilizing selection in which turtles in both islands show a similar basis of preferences on specific characteristics. The plasticity observed in most variables was likely associated with a difference in local environmental conditions between the two islands. The variables that were supposed to be under directional selection were canopy cover and distance to the high tide line. The turtles in both islands showed different preferences for nesting irrespective of similar variations of nesting beach characteristics, suggesting genetic factors account for this variation. These findings underscore the importance of using evidence-based management for implementing conservation strategies for turtles in Kepulauan Seribu of Jakarta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is an archipelago with 77% of small islands. Although Indonesia is known as a great center of biodiversity, the coastal biodiversity of its small island needs to be better documented. Crabs that are included in the infraorder Bachyura, subphylum Crustacea is one of the most diverse faunas that inhabits coastal ecosystem. However, information on its diversity needs to be well-studied. This study aims to determine the diversity of crabs found on the coast of Moa Island. Research on crab diversity on the coast of Moa Island was conducted from 18 to 25 September 2019 at six sampling locations during low tide using the quadratic transect method and purpose random sampling. Crabs were collected using hand shovels and handpicking. The samples obtained were then preserved using 70% alcohol, and identification and analysis were carried out in the laboratory. From six sampling locations, 160 individuals of crab were identified, consisting of 33 species that included 28 genera and 14 families, with the value of Shanon-Weaver diversity index from 1.51 to 2.39 and Simpson index from 0.115 to 0.334. Menaethiops sp. from the Family Epialtidae and the Thalamita admete from the Family Portunidae are almost always found in each location. In conclusion, small islands are sites of important coastal biodiversity. Research on the coast of Moa Island has found various species of crabs which are an important part of Indonesia's biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spectral signature in remote sensing derived from digital image processing is a breakthrough in generating geomorphic information. The implementation of this image processing technique requires a wider range of objects and approaches, especially for shallow sea waters and small islands. A lagoon in the coral reef ecosystem is representative of its characteristics and suitable for monitoring both natural and artificial degradation. The lagoon itself is also essential for fisheries resource management and tourism. This study aims to analyze the suitability and relevance of image processing used to detect lagoon. The study area is in Semakdaun Island and Panggang Island, Jakarta marine national park, which is located in one of four classes for small islands cluster based on tectono-genesis. The class is continental platforms and back arc regions in Indonesia, whereas it is dominated by tectonic types. This area is also correlated with the platform reef. Landsat-8 imagery was processed by OIF (Optimum Index Factor) calculation to find the effective composite bands in detecting lagoon. Then continued with the line transect method that was used across the reef to find spectral graphic of lagoon and non-lagoon. The bathymetry data and selected composite bands used for validation. Visual interpretation to the digital image was applied to this study in terms of analyzing the lagoon phase and platform reef landform classification. The results showed that the selected band composite image in RGB namely SWIR 1-Coastal aerosol-Green (band 6-1-3) was the best combination in differentiating lagoon and non-lagoon. The spectral graphic in Semakdaun Island showed more dynamic than the graph belonged to Panggang Island. This high dynamic spectral graphic pattern indicates the higher phase of lagoon condition. The RGB composite 6-1-3 indicates color differences between lagoon and non-lagoon. Visual interpretation of spectral graphic and composite image was used then to find lagoon condition phase and analysis of platform reef landform classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the end of December 2020, Chinese ports completely stopped accepting Russian fishing vessels because of the threat of "importation" of coronavirus infection. The situation is a disaster for the Russian fishing industry: 61% of the fish caught by Russians is exported to China, but since the beginning of 2021, when the pollock fishing season in the Sea of Okhotsk began, Chinese market has not been available, and Russian domestic capacity is currently unable to process the amount of fish produced by Russian fishermen. The price of pollock has already fallen sharply because of the restrictions imposed by COVID-19. Having established a lockout in the ports, China forced to reduce the price even more significantly. The situation is catastrophic for Russian Far Eastern fishermen, so in addition to negotiations with Chinese partners it is necessary to look for alternative markets, and also to stimulate domestic demand for fish and fish products. The Russian authorities have declared the need to create a "fish archipelago" - plants, refrigeration and logistics facilities on the Pacific coast of Russian Far East, from Kamchatka to the southern territories of Primorye. But this project is still only in plans, meanwhile Russia's fishing industry is suffering enormous losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sea toll allows the formation of marine tourism transportation, such as a floatplane to be developed in the Indonesian Archipelago Region. This research develops a floater design for a floatplane with a capacity of 17 passengers of N219 Amphibian. Design configurations were coded by LPDP-01 to LPDP-09. The step study where was (a). the weight of main and nose landing gear (365.56 kg) were smaller than twin floater (2 x 369 kg); (b). the method numerical analysis was by using trim even keel condition for Savitsky method to known the draft, volume and displacement of 9.8 meters and 11.8 meters length as first iteration of analysis for static condition; (c). and the porpoising effect was included in the figure of results as second iteration of analysis for dynamic condition. The final result of numerical simulation shows that the best design was the Floater LPDP-09 with dimension: Length = 9.8 m, Beam max extend = 5.476 m, Height = 1.356 m, and Displacement = 7,018 kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Architectural form and meaning of the ancient time in the archipelago represent historical evidence and a source of knowledge about settlement and moral values. Over time, the implied moral message through historical artifacts becomes merely aesthetically and visually valuable objects due to different periods and civilization. The relief of Borobudur temple can be architecturally used to obtain people's perspective on the tangible and intangible spatial 'world'. The aim of the study is to uncover the tangible and intangible spatial 'world' through reliefs reading of Borobudur temple from an architectural viewpoint. This study uses qualitative descriptive methods by inductive thinking whose information gathered from cultural practitioner augmented by a literature review and ensued by a conceptual model. Reliefs were chosen purposively in revealing the essence of implied meaning through the architectural form of the building depicted from the Borobudur Temple. The results manifested the building image and space abstraction on relief (tangible aspects) contain the essence of virtue architecture (intangible aspects). The architectural concept of Borobudur's virtues manifests through: 1) the hierarchy of profane-sacred space and circumambulation ritual patterns; 2) Social stratification, the center of power and ethics of people-leaders; 3) A moral message about real and unreal natural life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is an archipelago country; however, offshore reclamation is an option for developing in densely populated and strategic areas around the coast. This study aims at identifying the dominant risks involved in the offshore reclamation projects carried out in Indonesia. In addition, their occurrence frequency is identified and their impacts are analyses in relation to the project quality and time performance. Initially, the risks variables were sourced from the literature study and were validated by the reclamation experts. Afterwards, questionnaires were distributed to the person involved in the reclamation projects. Descriptive and qualitative risks analyses were carried out to identify the dominant risk of the total 78 risk variables. From the results of data analysis, the top 10 extreme risks that affect the performance of reclamation projects include social problems, restrictions on permits or government intervention, changes in government regulations and policies, political influence, the construction permit obtained is problematic, delays from third parties (problematic subcontractors), material quality, Environmental Impact Analysis (AMDAL), suitability of work methods for each activity, and delay in the material delivery process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has been carried out to see the tidal propagation pattern of M2, S2, K1, and O1 constituents, the dominant daily and semi-daily components in Tomini Bay. The tidal propagation pattern is obtained by analyzing tidal data predicted by the Geospatial Information Agency (BIG). The analysis was carried out using the Root mean square error method to analyze the tidal harmonic components with an hourly data range for one month. The analysis results show that the tides in Tomini Bay propagate westward from the Maluku Sea in the eastern part of Tomini Bay to Tomini Bay. The M2 component in Tomini Bay ranges from 0.2121-0.3132 m with higher amplitude in the middle of the bay and on the coast at the end of Tomini Bay, while the K1 component is in the 0.1692-0.2374 m amplitude range with a pattern similar to M2 component. Tidal propagation slows down in the central and southern parts of the bay due to friction with the bottom of the waters near the coast. Tidal propagation in the southern part of the bay has increased in amplitude by the friction of the shallow seabed by the Togean Islands group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the diversity of the shapes and styles of woodcarving artworks in Southeast Asia, specifically in Jepara, Indonesia which is the centre of woodcarving artworks production which is produced by exceptional art skills on beautiful and attractive woods. The artworks are created through a carving process with the use of specific carving equipment that is executed by the talented and skilful engravers who have had developed their talents and skills since their early days. Various models and patterns of calligraphy woodcarving were found in Jepara. That was spread to the entire archipelago were not merely as the woodcarvings for decoration and furniture, but they have been instigated as the Islamic art in the forms of the pulpit, doors, palaces, offices, museums, schools, mosques, houses, and others. They had become the manifestation of artistic and aesthetic works that underlie local customs, traditions, arts, and cultures. The woodcarving has its model, style, symbol, and philosophy that reflect the life of the individuals or society, but the creativity in its making represents the challenges, the opportunities, and the hopes. This study relies on the methodology of collecting data from the field investigation through the theory and practice of woodcarving art in Jepara. The objective of this study is to elevate the creativity of the woodcarving art of the Southeast Asia and to preserve the local cultural heritage. The outcomes of the research will present the analysis of the woodcarving calligraphies from Jepara as the primary producer of various engraving works in Indonesia, and to become a scientific discourse that reveals the richness and the legacy of the Islamic calligraphy art in the Southeast Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is an archipelago country and has wave energy potential for renewable energy. It can be applied as a sustainable energy source for bordered and remote coastal areas. Understanding and identifying the most influenced variables to ensure the sustainability of wave energy is crucial. Therefore, this paper aimed to present how people used the structural analysis method to identify the influence factors of sustainability wave energy in coastal areas. The study's methodology was using the Impact Matrix Cross-Reference Multiplication Applied to a Classification (MICMAC) software for analyzing the influence variables. It was also utilized to identify the correlation among the identified factors. After that, these factors were rank. The result shows that factors of 'subsidies', 'financing institution', proper wave energy potential data', and 'lack of policy and regulation' are classified as a critical factor which has the highest influence and highest independent. However, future research should be performed with more variables and focus group discussions of experts on formulating the best scenarios of wave energy sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indonesian archipelago has many cultures that stretch from Sabang to Merauke. Indonesian culture has been taught at school since primary school, namely in arts and culture subjects, as an effort to preserve the culture of the Indonesian archipelago. However, due to the globalization, students began to lose interest in ethnical arts and culture subjects. In the last few years, there have been many studies on learning the culture of Indonesia using games as a medium. After conducting a search, we collected 64 literatures. The collected literatures were then selected. This selection process is based on the title, abstraction, and purpose. There are 20 literatures that meet the selection criteria, so they are included in the literature review. The development of educational games as learning media aims to motivate students' interest in learning about arts and culture subjects in school. As an actual learning process is not only carried out at schools between teachers and students but can be anywhere and with anyone, some developers prefer a game genre that can be played anytime and with other person. One of game genre that allows multiplayer is a board game, and it is suitable for children as the target audience. This literature review was made to review the literature on previous research on Indonesian cultural education games to grasp the current trend of research in terms of scope, genre, and platform. The result can also assist us in designing and developing Indonesian cultural education game. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The significance of analog studies using lava tubes on Earth to inform on the design of future lunar and Martian missions is aimed at exploring and utilising those structures as potential habitats on those planetary bodies. Lava tubes, natural subsurface cavities formed by volcanic activity, have several characteristics that make them appealing for human habitation on the Moon and Mars. Researchers conducting analog studies on Earth can gain valuable insights into the geological, environmental, engineering, crew and robotic challenges associated with lunar or Martian lava tube exploration and housing. This work reviews some scientific characteristics of an Azorean lava tube system that can contribute towards analog studies and their potential to help plan and design lunar and Martian missions. Human and robotic planetary exploration has garnered considerable attention recently, focusing on identifying potential habitats for future human missions. Lava tubes, formed by molten lava flowing beneath the solidified crust, offer natural subsurface shelters with numerous advantages for lunar or Martian habitation. This work provides insight into one of a lava tube structures, in Terceira island in the Azores archipelago. This structure would be adequate for analog studies that can contribute to the design of missions, providing valuable protocols for geological, geophysical and engineering tasks and potentially facilitating the development of sustainable lunar or Martian habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization and the industrial revolution 4.0 have succeeded in changing the process of people's social life from being based on human labor to technology centered on automation. These changes occur in all sectors of life, including economic, social, and legal. In this case, the legal and economic sectors have a fairly close relationship. Thus, changes to the two sectors will influence and depend on each other. One example is patents, where high patent ownership will affect national income and economic growth of a country. Indonesia continues to optimize applications for patent registration, such as the implementation of e-filling or online registration since 2019 with the aim of making patent application facilities accessible to all regions of the archipelago. This paper will discuss the state' s efforts in optimizing technology for the patent registration program in Indonesia. The legal research method used is normative legal research through a statutory or statutory approach. In addition, this paper uses secondary legal data sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earthquakes are vibrations that suddenly occur on the earth's surface caused by a shift in the earth's plates. Sulawesi Island is one of the earthquake-prone areas in Indonesia. The impact caused by an earthquake varies depending on its magnitude and depth. This research aims on grouping of earthquake-prone areas on the island of Sulawesi based on their magnitude and depth. This grouping has been done can be done using the data mining techniques, namely clustering. The clustering method used in this research is agglomerative hierarchical clustering. The data used in this study were obtained from United States Geological Survey (USGS). Based on grouping 751 earthquake data from January 1971 to December 2020 using average linkage the research found that there are 2 clusters on Sulawesi Island with a Silhouette coefficient of 0.68. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surveillance operations to monitor a vast archipelago country such as Indonesia raises many problems, such as the lack of infrastructure for reliable communication. The use of UAV is proposed as alternatives for communication towers to relay communication data. However, battery-powered UAV has a very limited endurance while fossil-fueled UAVs emission contributes to global warming. In this study, a conceptual design of solar-powered UAV is proposed. The UAV is designed to have flight endurance of 24 hours at 2,000-m altitude. The design method for the UAV and solar irradiance estimation is presented in this study. Based on the conceptual design, it is possible to acquire a 24-hour flight duration. The wingspan of the UAV is 12 m with an aspect ratio of 24. To sustain 24-hour flight, solar cells are installed on the wing and take up 83.07% of the wing area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term, 'peranakan' refers to a community that traces its lineage to the first waves of Hoklo (Han Chinese) settlers who interacted, especially through marriage, with the local people of the Malay Peninsula and Indonesian Archipelago. There are various types of the Peranakans in Malaysia such as the Baba-Nyonya, Chitty, Kristang (mostly in Melaka) and other Peranakan Muslims of Indian, Malay and Arab descent known as Jawi Peranakan. The Kelantan Peranakan Chinese (also known as Cina Peranakan Kelantan in Malay) is another unique ethnic group of Peranakans characterised by its mixture of three cultures: the local Malay of Kelantan, Chinese and Thai. However, this acculturated ethnicity seems to be less appreciated by the younger generation of the Kelantan Peranakan Chinese. One of the reasons is perhaps due to a general perception of the Kelantanese people that label them as cina kampung or cina bukit. To the older generation of the Kelantan Peranakan Chinese, they are proud to be called cina kampung whereas the younger generation may view this term as derogatory, implying that they are not advanced or modern people. The dwindling sense of pride among the younger generation may have resulted in the dying culture of the Kelantan Peranakan Chinese. A diluting image in their cultural artefacts is a case in point. Clothing, which is one of the important cultural artefacts, is gradually forgotten by the younger generation. Modern clothing is more appealing to them compared to the simplicity of clothing worn by their elder folks in the kampung (village). This study is aimed at examining the clothing of the Kelantan Peranakan Chinese, particularly, by studying its components of design elements using the aesthetic morphology approach. The formalistic aspect of the clothing, for instance, the ubiquitous paired blouse and sarong are a reflection of three cultural amalgamation of Malay, Chinese and Thai. The aesthetic aspect is also shown through their humble way of clothing hence symbolising a simple way of life of the community of Kelantan Peranakan Chinese. The finding thus concludes that the form and style of clothing worn by the Kelantan Peranakan Chinese is distinctive from other Peranakans in different states of Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experiences from many field experiments indicates that the ambient noise (AN) in the Baltic does not always follow the standard Wenz curves, expressed as a function of wind speed. Many times, the measured AN has been found to be lower than the standard values, especially in the archipelago. Knowledge about AN is important in many situations, especially for navies doing anti-submarine warfare (ASW) with passive sonar. When an ASW operation is planned, it is important to have the right levels of AN to get correct values for detection distances in order to optimize the ASW tactic. The Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI) has therefore carried out an experiment with the objectives to better understand how AN depends on the weather. The experiment lasted for 16 days, with winds varying between 0 and 36 knots, corresponding to sea-states 0 - 8. As there was sea traffic and acoustic communication in the experimental area, a special anthropogenic filter was constructed, which filtered out the noise coming from these sources. The results indicate that the AN in the archipelago is dependent on both fetch and wind speed. When the fetch is short, the AN is much lower than predicted by standard curves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study related to characterization of the shoreline of Langkawi archipelago and to identify the types of shoreline and the sensitive areas based on Environmental Sensitivity Index. Characterization of shoreline were done by particle sieve analysis and satellite imagery. There are few types of shoreline include coral beach, man-made structure, mangroves, mud flat, rocky and sandy. Well graded particles with higher porosity are found at Pantai Pasir Hitam which it contains a lot of tourmaline and illmenit. The poorly graded sand is represented by samples from Tanjung Rhu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Solovetsky archipelago in Russia is known for its history. Solovetsky monastery is located on the Bolshoy Solovetsky island. The monks built two monasteries and four monastic hermitages on the island long before the Soviet period. All of them are connected by a network of historical dirt roads. Around the monastery in the first half of the XV century there was a settlement. This article presents the results of engineering-geological surveys of the base of the road network of the "Solovetsky" Settlement located on the Bolshoy Solovetsky Island. Most of the roads are unpaved and were built in the period from the XVI century to the Second World War. These roads are very interesting as historical objects of the Solovetsky archipelago. In addition to drilling, a pit was dug on the historic road, which was built in the XVI century and goes from the settlement to the Philip Hermitage. The results of determining the permissible load on the axle of a vehicle when driving on this road are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theodossia Nalivkin is a Frasnian spiriferid brachiopod genus which is characterized by a small to medium sized shell, short hinge line, rounded cardinal angles, weakly developed sulcus and fold, uniformly costate surface, short dental plates. Views on the genesis and taxonomy of Theodossia have changed significantly over time. They are belong to the superfamily Theodossioidea which is considered to be descended from Adolfioidea by turning plicate shell to costate and weakening of sulcus and fold. The first appearance of Theodossia recorded in the lower Middle Fransian North-West of the Russian plate (in Pskov and Novgorod regions of Russia) and in the Western Arctic, archipelago Novaya Zemlya. The beginning of the wide geographical spread of Theodossia comes at the end of Middle – first half of the Late Frasnian: it spread to othes parts of Russian plate, Urals, Siberia, Western Asia (Iran), North America. However, there is a reason to assume that the center of biodiversification was located on Novaya Zemlya because on this archipelago their mass increases and forms similar to the upper Frasnian of East European craton appear in the Middle Frasnian. Near the Frasnian/Famennian boundary Theodossia is extinct all over the world. The article is devoted to the history of geographical distribution of the genus Theodossia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Selar crumenophthalmus with the English name big-eyed scad fish, locally known as matang-baka, is one of the fishes commonly caught along the waters of La Union, Philippines. The study deals with the forecasting of catch volumes of big-eyed scad fish for commercial consumption. The data used are quarterly caught volumes of big-eyed scad fish from 2002 to first quarter of 2017. This actual data is available from the open stat database published by the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA)whose task is to collect, compiles, analyzes and publish information concerning different aspects of the Philippine setting. Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model and the Hybrid model consisting of ARIMA and ANN were developed to forecast catch volumes of big-eyed scad fish. Statistical errors such as Mean Absolute Errors (MAE) and Root Mean Square Errors (RMSE) were computed and compared to choose the most suitable model for forecasting the catch volume for the next few quarters. A comparison of the results of each model and corresponding statistical errors reveals that the hybrid model, ARIMA-ANN (2,1,2)(6:3:1), is the most suitable model to forecast the catch volumes of the big-eyed scad fish for the next few quarters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tsunami disaster is a potential disaster in the territory of Indonesia. Indonesia is an archipelago country and close to the ocean deep. The tsunami occurred in Aceh province in 2004. Early prevention efforts have been carried out. One of them is making "tsunami buoy" which has been developed by BPPT. The tool puts sensors on the ocean floor near the coast to detect earthquakes on the ocean floor. Detection results are transmitted via satellite by a transmitter placed floating on the sea surface. The tool will cost billions of dollars for each system. Another constraint was the transmitter theft "tsunami buoy" in the absence of guard. In this study of the system has a transmission system using radio frequency and focused on coastal areas where costs are cheaper, so that it can be applied at many beaches in Indonesia are potentially affected by the tsunami. The monitoring system sends the detection results to the warning system using a radio frequency with a capability within 3 Km. Test results on the sub module sensor monitoring system generates an error of 0.63% was taken 10% showed a good quality sensing. The test results of data transmission from the transceiver of monitoring system to the receiver of warning system produces 100% successful delivery and reception of data. The test results on the whole system to function 100% properly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesian archipelago region is located in active tectonic setting and high seismicity zone. During the last decade, Indonesian was experienced with destructive major earthquakes causing damage and victims. The information of precise earthquake location parameters are very important in partular for earthquake early warning to the society and for advance seismic studies. In this study, we attempted to improve hypocenter location compiled by BMKG for time periods of April, 2009 up to June, 2014 for about 22,000 earthquake events around Indonesian region. For the firts time, we applied teleseismic double-difference relocation algorithm (teletomoDD) to improve hypocenter region in Indonesia region combining regional and teleseismic stations. Hypocenter relocation was performed utilizing local, regional, and teleseismic P-wave arrival time data. Our relocation result show that travel-time RMS errors were greatly reduced compared to the BMKG catalog. Seismicity at shallower depth (less than 50 km) shows significantly improvement especially in depth, and refined shallow geological structures, e.g. trench and major strike slip faults. Clustered seismicity is also detected beneath volcanic region, and probably related volcano activities and also major faults nearby. In the Sunda arc region, seismicity at shallower depth centered at two major distributions parallel to the trench strike direction, i.e. around fore-arc and in mainland that related to major fault, e.g. the Sumatran fault, and volcanic fronts. Below Central Java region, relocated hypocenter result showed double seismic zone pattern. A seismic gap is detected around the Sunda-Banda transition zone where transition between oceanic subduction to continental crust collision of Australian plate occurs. In Eastern Indonesia region, shallow earthquakes are observed related to major strike slip faults, e.g. Sorong and Palu-Koro fault, volcanism, and shallow part of subduction and collision zones. We also compare our result in the Sunda Arc region with slab1.0 model and our relocated seismicity shows good agreement with the previous slab geometry. Horizontal position shift of relocated events are mostly perpendicular to the trench directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Azores archipelago, located in the North Atlantic Ocean, is formed by nine islands, several islets and the surrounding seafloor. Despite the small terrestrial area of the archipelago (2332 sq. km), the Azores geodiversity represents elements closely linked to the dynamics of planet Earth, in particular, the volcanism and geotectonic of this region of the planet, making this archipelago a natural laboratory of volcanic geodiversity. The Azores Geopark was the first arquipelagic territory integrated in the European and Global Geoparks Networks, in march 2013. It is based on a decentralized management structure with support in all the islands, and in a network of 121 geosites spread all over the nine islands and the surrounding seafloor, that: i) ensures the representativeness of the geodiversity that characterizes the Azorean territory, ii) reflects its geological and eruptive history, and iii) has common strategies of conservation and promotion. The international and national relevance of the geological heritage of the territory, its scientific, educational and geotouristic interests and, simultaneously, the existence of a rich biodiversity and a remarkable cultural and intangible heritage, are the foundations for the implementation in the territory of sustainable development policies, strongly supported in environmental protection strategies, and in geoconservation in particular. This holistic and integrative view improve synergies and serve as an additional incentive to all involved in the geopark. With the motto "9 islands -- 1 Geopark", the Azores Geopark main challenge is to manage on a sustainable way all this 9 insular parts of its territory. So, to achieve the main goals of the geopark, the established partnerships with public and private entities are crucial, giving the opportunity to reach to a major public in all the islands and through different activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Port activities are geographically concentrated in a limited number of regions and these regions attract substantial number of related firms. Therefore seaports can be regarded as natural born clusters. Cluster environment can create synergy between companies within the cluster and therefore increase competitiveness. The cluster based approach offers a new way to analyze performance of the port of Riga from different perspective. The main objective of the presented paper is to find out what is a synergy level within the Riga port cluster [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the serio-comic report from the archipelago of Marketopia in reference to the isle of retailing. Existence of conflict on the virtues of cooperation; Importance of Manufacturing confederation; Criticisms on the isle of retailing.

The article discusses the study done to determine the age of the morainic sediments in Antarctic Base area, Livingston Island, South Shetland archipelago in Bulgaria. Topics discussed include characteristics of continental ice sheet with ice tongues that debouch from the inland ice sheet into the Ocean, small differences between the layers due to variations in melting intensity, and heterogeneous angular or subangular material with predomination of the coarse fractions.