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The COVID-19 pandemic has been affecting the economic sector in terms of decreasing income from businesses, decreasing business production, shifting in society's shopping behaviour, and decreasing the amount of consumption of products. Indirectly, this disruption has transformed the pattern of fulfilling food needs. One of the business/industrial sectors that plays a role in fulfilling food needs is broiler chicken farming. Chickens are popular among Indonesians due to their high protein content. In addition, during the COVID-19 pandemic, everyone was encouraged to strengthen the body's immunity by consuming nutritious food. Before the pandemic, the demand for chicken meat in Indonesia increased every year and was always fulfilled. Production and demand for chicken meat experienced a very significant decrease when the pandemic entered Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the direct factors that influence the dynamics of broiler meat production before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Sulawesi. The research method used was a literature study with data sourced from 2021 livestock and animal health statistics documents. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive analysis techniques. Based on the data obtained, it is known that the dynamics of broiler meat production before and during the COVID-19 pandemic showed a negative growth rate of -3.29%. From 2017 and 2018, broiler meat production increased, but production has decreased significantly from 2018 to 2019. Then there was an increase of only 3.42% from 2019 to 2020. It increased by 3.41 percent between 2020 and 2021. This is the impact of the enactment of the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (LSSR) policy in South Sulawesi. Factors that directly influence the negative growth rate of broiler meat production trends are government policies in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, access difficulties in distributing feed and broilers, a decline in livebird prices, reduction in the number of workers, and a reduction in the harvest intensity of broilers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health of Livestock is one of the growing concerns in today's world due to the increased population and the increased need for Dairy products. So, a regular checkup is required to improve the cattle's life duration and be kept in good health. Many dairies and farms have many farm animals, making it tough to care for them and routinely monitor the health of dairy cattle. The livestock health monitoring system aims to monitor each cattle's health. In this system, we use the Internet of Things and machine learning to observe the aspects of cattle's physical characteristics like temperature, heart rate, etc. In this paper, we have discussed the existing approaches to monitoring cattle's health and location tracking. Finally, a method has been discussed to improve the efficiency of the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The loss of RFID tags in cattle is a multi-faceted problem involving economic, logistical and animal health factors. This challenge requires innovative solutions that combine technology, data analytics and practicality. This paper proposes an extended algorithmic approach to investigate a method to reset lost RFID tags in cows and thus improve the efficiency of livestock management systems. The intricacies of RFID technology, the importance of livestock management in modern agriculture, and various factors that cause tag loss are studied. However, the focus of our discussion is on presenting an algorithmic solution that not only detects missing tags, but also simplifies the tag reset process and uses resources efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic that has hit the world has brought a positive trend to the pet industry in Indonesia. However, this increase in the number of pet owners is not accompanied by a strong commitment. As a result, not a few pets are abandoned because the owner is not able to cope with the soaring spike in health costs. In America, this phenomenon has been proven to be successfully prevented by the existence of animal health insurance, which gives pet owners a feeling of security if something bad threatens the health of their pets. However, pet health insurance in Indonesia is still relatively new even though Indonesia also has a large market share, which is around 70% of the Indonesian population. Therefore, this study will use multiple linear regression and utilize the bootstrapping technique to build a model of pet health costs that is used to determine premiums for pet health insurance. The results showed that the variables of the pet's age, the condition of the pet having been sterilized, routine control by the vet, and the level of activity of the animal had a significant effect on the model. Based on the model that has been successfully formed, the average frequency of visits to the veterinarian and the average amount of expenses incurred in a year are obtained, so that the prediction of the premium amount is IDR 1,003,794 annually. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Livestock barns are integral to modern agriculture, providing essential environments for raising animals. The air quality in these barns directly impacts livestock health, quality of production and environmental sustainability. Trends in key metrics such as gas concentrations, particulate matter levels, humidity content, and temperature can influence the overall health of livestock, barn operations, and broader ecological factors. Understanding these trends and their interrelationships is crucial for managing barn conditions effectively. To investigate air quality trends in livestock barns, data was collected using IoT multiple sensors device. These sensors recorded various metrics, including gas concentrations (hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, volatile organic compounds), particulate matter levels (PM2.5 and PM10), and humidity-related metrics such as relative humidity and dewpoint temperature. The collected data was analyzed using correlation and trend analyses to explore relationships between these variables and their influence on barn conditions. The analysis reveals key trends and positive correlations between the collected data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of increasing water consumption by pharmaceutical industries, hospitals, and the population, large volumes of liquids discharges containing pharmaceutical compounds have been generated worldwide. Even though there is a consistent contribution on the sustainable management of these contaminants, the efforts to reduce this pollution are progressing on a rather small scale. Such pollutants can be introduced into water-receiving bodies either directly, through animal and human excretions, or through unregulated disposal and anthropogenic activities, resulting in their presence in small amounts in aqueous systems. Even if they are in small amounts these classes of contaminants are persistent or partially degraded during treatment processes and thus may cause adverse effects on human and animal health as a result of bioaccumulation. This paper summarizes the main aspects referring to quantification of pharmaceutical waste from both drinkable and industrial waters in order to provide efficient solutions to counteract their negative impact on environment and human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between indicators of milk productivity and reproduction was studied in four purebred herds of the Ayrshire cattle of the Republic of Karelia (Russia) with an average productivity 8500 kg of milk. A positive relationship has been established between the milk yield, milk fat and the duration of service period (SP). The milk yield of cows at the age of six lactations and older exceeded the average milk yield in the herd significantly. This leads to a positive correlation between the period of cows using and herd yield. The influence of the milk yield on the length of service period and calving interval (CI) can be observed in adjacent lactations. It was found that with an increase in milk yield from less than 6000 kg to 9500-10000 kg and more in the previous lactation, the duration of the SP in the subsequent lactation increased from 112 to 170 days, the CI – from 391 to 436 (correlation coefficients from 0.138 to 0.870). It is necessary to optimize the conditions for feeding, housing, veterinary attendance and monitoring of animals' health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was related to the application of biogas digester technology for environmental empowerment and energy independence of rural communities. The study's purpose is to determine the strategies for community empowerment through the utilization of livestock waste into biogas and biofertilizer. The PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal) method was used who facilitate the community to develop an action plan. SWOT analysis was used to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. To determine the priority strategy to be carried out, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used which is basically a method for choosing an alternative. Based on the SWOT analysis, 8 (eight) alternative strategies were formulated, including (1) optimizing human resources, (2) increasing the biogas utilization to support business needs (3) increasing capital assistance for biogas installations either from the government and private companies through corporate CSR funds, (4) development of biogas installations so that smaller in size, more practical in processing and cheaper in price, (5) effective development of sustainable farmer groups, (6) improve the management of cowshed maintenance and livestock health, (7) enforcement of regulations on environmental management, (8) increase socialization about the benefits, constraints of biogas technology, and the importance of protecting the environment. Based on the results of AHP data processing, there are 3 (three) strategies with the highest weight, namely effective development of sustainable farmer groups, the development of biogas installations so that it is more practical, cheap, and efficient and increasing capital assistance for the installation of biogas installations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies have proved that feed additive enhances livestock productivity by augmenting intake, efficiency and health status of livestock. Oligosaccharide acts as a prebiotic supplement that modifies the ecosystem of intestinal microbe. The intestinal environment is more favorable to beneficial bacteria growth. The current study is investigating the influence of chitosan-oligosaccharide (COS) as a prebiotic on the performance and egg quality of laying quail. Two hundred and fifty laying quail, 12 weeks old were randomly set on five treatments and five replicates in ten birds per replicate. They were maintained according to the standard management for five weeks. The ingredients of the diet were maize, rice bran, soybean, fish meal, cooking oil, minerals, methionine and lysine, and were formulated to achieve 20% of protein content. Treatments are basal diet only (C00), basal diet+0.01% of COS (C01), basal diet+0.02% of COS (C02), basal diet+0.03% of COS (C03) and basal diet +0.04% of COS (C04). Diets and water were freely available throughout the experiment. Birds were weighed at the beginning of the experiment. Intake was weekly recorded, and egg production was daily recorded. The variables are feed intake, daily egg production, the conversion ratio of feed and egg quality includes egg weight, yolk index, albumen index, eggshell thickness and Haugh Unit (HU). Data were subjected to the Anova and the Duncan test. The experiment results proved that the inclusion of chitosan-oligosaccharide in the diet significantly improved feed intake, egg production and eggshell thickness and HU values (P<0.05) and egg weight, yolk index and albumen index were not affected significantly (P>0.05). Therefore, the addition of chitosan-oligosaccharide (COS) in the diet elevated the performance and egg quality of laying quail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The air quality in Dhaka, Bangladesh's highly populated metropolis and capital have deteriorated to the point where it has been designated as one of the most polluted cities in the world. Therefore, air pollution is being regarded as a major concern since it is linked to public health. In Dhaka, the two major causes of air pollution are industrial and traffic emissions. Thousands of ready-made garment manufacturers (RMG), chemical industries, brick kilns, pharmaceutical industries, and other industrial emission sources contribute to the air pollution of Dhaka city. For years, air pollution has taken its toll on Bangladesh, claiming lives and creating economic losses as well as environmental risks connected to pollution, prompting experts to be concerned about the future. Air pollution-related fatalities and diseases have been on the rise in recent years, according to current studies and research, worsening people's misery, notably children, women, and the elderly. Particulate Matter (PM10 and PM2.5), NO2, CO, SO2, and Ozone (O3) are the five key pollutants used to calculate the total Air Quality Index (AQI) in Bangladesh. This study performs a systematic assessment to estimate the changes of three major air pollutants (CO, NOx, and SO2) using fifth-generation ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) atmospheric reanalysis dataset produced by the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S). The analysis has been conducted over a historical period of 20 years ranging from 2001 to 2020. Emission changes of Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), and Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) from different sectors-road transportation, industrial, residential, commercial, and other combustion, have been addressed in this study. After data analysis, it has been discovered that in the industrial sector, all three pollutants are on the increasing trend. Whereas in the road transportation sector, CO and NOx emission is on the rise, SO2 emission is on the decrease. Moreover, CO and NOx emission from the residential, commercial and other combustion sectors is increasing by the day, while on the contrary, SO2 emission is decreasing. Air pollutants can endanger humans and other animals' health, harm flora, and structures, or pollute the environment. The purpose of this study is to discuss the current state of air pollution in Dhaka, as well as to provide some recommendations for making the city a better place to live by lowering air pollution. The study findings can be applied by policymakers and administrators to develop effective mitigation plans for minimizing emissions and improving air quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid global economy and population increase play a significant role in food waste (FW) production. Improper food waste management is a considerable challenge for the entire world since FW pollutes the environment and risks human and animal health. However, transforming food waste into value-added chemicals is an area of intensive research since they contain organic compounds. To this effect, we investigate the possibility of enhancing the food waste hydrolysis using microorganisms. In this research, FW was first blended and diluted at different concentration ratios (Fw: water) of 2:1,1:1,1:2 and 1:3. After a simple solid-liquid separation, the liquid was hydrolysed by fungi rich in hydrolytic enzymes at their log phases. The moisture content of FW was 15.68 %. This study aims to produce glucose from food waste using the three types of hydrolytic microorganisms: Aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus aculeatus and Candida rugosa. Moreover, we discussed the best ratio variation of microbes towards food waste hydrolysis. This study analysed glucose levels using the DNS method by measuring the absorbance through a spectrophotometer at 540 nm. The results showed that the highest glucose concentration of 16.5 g/l was obtained after 48 hours by mixing all microorganisms using a ratio of 2:1 (FW 2:1 M). The highest glucose (g/l) concentration from a ratio of 2:1 obtained from FW hydrolysis by Candida rugosa, Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus aculeatus after 48 hours were 13.05,14.31,15.9, respectively. Therefore, the current finding indicates that hydrolytic microorganisms could save the pretreatment cost of food waste and greatly enhance food waste degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mycotoxins are agents with different and complex chemical structures, with toxic effects for humans and animals. They can be present in feed and food, although in very small quantities, mycotoxins have a negative effect on the health of animals and people. Ochratoxins are mycotoxins intensively studied in recent years due to their toxicity on the animal and human body; these toxins show nephrotoxic, immunotoxic and myelotoxic, neurotoxic and carcinogenic effects. Thirty male rats of the Sprague-Dawley breed were divided into 3 groups who received through feed doses of of ochratoxin A (OTA): 0.5 mg OTA/kg BW, 1 mg OTA/kg BW and non OTA (control group). The blood samples collected on the anticoagulant were subjected to the analysis of the main components: hemoleucogram and biochemical parameters. The variations of the determined biochemical parameters (alanine aminotransferase, aspartat aminotransferase, serum creatinin, serum urea and blood urea nitrogen) indicate changes in the kidney and liver function in the animals from the experimental groups compared to the control group. The parameters of the hemoleucogram count also register variations depending on the administered dose of OTA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In general, the assessment of microbiological quality in aquatic systems focuses on the presence of some bacterial groups or species. Although quantification of fungi presence is not a mandatory parameter, recently the WHO advises its detection/quantification. Its concentration and diversity varies greatly among the various types of aquatic systems. Fungi are mesophilic, dependent on organic matter to grow and their presence can be associated with pollution. Depending on their concentration and diversity, fungi may pose a risk to human and animal health. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the presence of some bacterial indicators (Escherichia coli, fecal enterococci, among others) and fungi (total yeasts and molds) in freshwater reservoirs (water tanks) with different sources, sun exposures and anthropogenic and animal influences. Additionally, it was intended to assess the diversity of molds. For this, filamentous colonies were isolated, purified, and morphologically identified (whenever possible to the genus). The three tanks differed in bacterial (presence of Escherichia coli, fecal enterococci, Proteus sp. and Staphylococcus aureus) and fungal (total and mold) presence. Regarding molds, 16 different taxa were identified and, depending on the water tank, the Penicillium, Aspergillus and Fusarium genera and the Chytridiomycota phylum were the most representative. Some of the taxa isolated may pose a risk to human and animal health (Trichophyton, Aspergillus fumigatus and some dematiaceous). The water reservoirs presented different fungal communities. Although preliminary, the results show that freshwater tanks can be a source of potentially pathogenic bacteria and fungi to humans and animals that use them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Forest Park (Tahura) Health Assessment is intended to assess and report on the current health condition (status) of Tahura based on ecological indicators of forest health. However, awareness of the importance of the health of Tahura in efforts to protect biodiversity is still lacking, so that the health problems of Tahura have so far not received serious attention. This study aims to obtain the value of the health condition of Tahura Banten at the location of the plant and or animal collection block. I conducted this research on 12 plots with the design of Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) clusters at the plant and or animal collection block location. The health assessment of Tahura is based on the results of measurements using the FHM technique on indicators of tree crown condition and tree species diversity. Processing and analysis of the measurement of Tahura health indicators using the Forest Health Assessment Information System. The results showed that the health status of Tahura Banten at the location of the plant and or animal collection block had a value range of 1,45 – 2,05 with an average value of 1,6000 health status (good category). This illustrates that the condition of health status is in good condition for efforts to protect biodiversity in Tahura Banten at the location of the plant and or animal collection block. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of high-quality livestock products is a priority task of the state. With intensive farming technology, a stress reaction in the animals' organisms is possible. The article describes the use of "Imunofan" medicine for the imported cattle. Its positive effect on the biochemical parameters of the blood is noted. The use of modern medicines makes it possible to prevent many diseases associated with the adaptation of cattle. Prevention of stress permits to get high indicators of the reproductive functions of cattle. Timely use of the medicine gives the possibility to maintain the health of animals to get high quality products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presence of veterinarian or animal health workers who are easily accessible at a relatively affordable cost is needed by community. The health of farm animals requires special attention so that there is no problem of spreading disease with the intermediary of livestock such as avian influenza, Q-fever, and MERS. Handling and prevention of diseases in farm animals and pets requires knowledge from experts, namely veterinarian or animal health workers. Currently, short- and long-term solutions are needed related to animal health problems in Indonesia. One solution that can be considered is to take advantage of the advantages offered by technology. However, there are very minimum technology companies in the field of Health have focus on providing health care services and home visit health workers. In order to develop a service as a solution related to animal health in Indonesia, an integrated system to facilitate the needs of health workers and on-demand veterinarians will be created on Mobile App. The apps will work to streamline supply and demand relationships in Indonesia's animal health industry. To understand demand and supply, this research will find customer intension using Structural Equation Model (SEM) methodology which involves Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2), and Theory of Planned Behavior. The result will become a contribution for web designer when creating Pet-care applications. The application will be available on android websites and platforms to speed up the time-of-service fulfilment for users. The output of this research is expected to result in a petcare mobile application can be a one stop solution for animal homecare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presence of veterinarian or animal health workers who are easily accessible at a relatively affordable cost is needed by community. The health of farm animals requires special attention so that there is no problem of spreading disease with the intermediary of livestock such as avian influenza, Q-fever, and MERS. Handling and prevention of diseases in farm animals and pets requires knowledge from experts, namely veterinarian or animal health workers. Currently, short- and long-term solutions are needed related to animal health problems in Indonesia. One solution that can be considered is to take advantage of the advantages offered by technology. However, there are very minimum technology companies in the field of Health have focus on providing health care services and home visit health workers. In order to develop a service as a solution related to animal health in Indonesia, an integrated system to facilitate the needs of health workers and on-demand veterinarians will be created on Mobile App. The apps will work to streamline supply and demand relationships in Indonesia's animal health industry. To understand demand and supply, this research will find customer intension using Structural Equation Model (SEM) methodology which involves Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT-2), and Theory of Planned Behavior. The result will become a contribution for web designer when creating Pet-care applications. The application will be available on android websites and platforms to speed up the time-of-service fulfilment for users. The output of this research is expected to result in a petcare mobile application can be a one stop solution for animal homecare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The desire of modern society to live more and more prosperously contributes to the extinction of less productive animal species. The most commercially viable varieties are increasingly being used, thus endangering the conservation of genetic diversity. One of the preconditions for the conservation of farm animal genetic resources is the development and implementation of conservation programs for local breeds so that they can be used and improved, thus contributing to global food security and their conservation for future generations [14]. In Latvia, an old-type conservation program for the Latvian Dark Headed sheep breed is being implemented. The aim of the conservation program is to increase the number of old-type sheep of the Latvian Dark Headed breed, to preserve the genetic potential and diversity of the breed. Association “The Latvian Association of Sheep Breeders' in cooperation with German partner EUROFINS Medigenmix laboratory and Institute of Food safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR" in Latvia from 2013 to 2019 basing on blood samples, determined genotypes of scrapie for 806 the Latvian Dark Headed ewes who all included in the Genetic Resources Conservation program in Latvia. Ewes born in the period from 2013 to 2019, which were included in the study, were now divided into R2 risk group - 43% or 354 ewes, 41% or 327 ewes were assigned to R1 risk group, and 124 ewes were only assigned into R3 risk group which accounted for 15%, and 1% of ewes were divided to the R5 scrapie risk group. Animals with undesirable genotype R4 were not found in the research. This can be explained by the choice of successful selection in Latvia, where only resistant scrapie genotypes are used for breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of KnE Engineering is the property of Knowledge E DMCC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)