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Non-revenue water (NRW) can be expressed using different parameters (indices) in certain water supply systems (WSSs). The most used are percentages (as a share of NRW in system input water) and the infrastructure leakage index (ILI) based on the IWA methodology. The technical indicator of real losses (TIRLs) is also an index used for the estimation of certain WSS efficiency. Both real and apparent losses are significant in many WSSs in the Balkan region. Thirty-seven WSSs in Serbia and Montenegro, which differ in many aspects, were analyzed. After presenting the methodology and discussing the results, a conclusion is drawn, as well as general guidelines regarding the approach for the reduction of NRW for this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ohrid School of Law is the property of Institute for Legal & Economic Research & Education Iuridica Prima and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Proceedings of the International Conference on Renewable Electrical Power Sources - ICREPS is the property of Union of Mechanical & Electrotechnical Engineers & Technicians of Serbia (SMEITS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Proceedings of the International Conference on Renewable Electrical Power Sources - ICREPS is the property of Union of Mechanical & Electrotechnical Engineers & Technicians of Serbia (SMEITS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Symposium 'Modern Trends in Livestock Production' is the property of Institute for Animal Husbandry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Symposium 'Modern Trends in Livestock Production' is the property of Institute for Animal Husbandry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Symposium 'Modern Trends in Livestock Production' is the property of Institute for Animal Husbandry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Proceedings of the International Scientific-Professional Conference for the Development of Rural Tourism is the property of Vimal Akademija and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Proceedings of the International Congress on Process Engineering - Processing is the property of Union of Mechanical & Electrotechnical Engineers & Technicians of Serbia (SMEITS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Private security in Serbia gained importance after the democratic reforms in 2000. The field of private security has been researched from the aspect of legal and security sciences, but not historically. By analyzing the content of available domestic and foreign literature, the authors will try to answer the questions of how and when did the development of private security companies and private security in general begin? What are the roots of private security? What was it like in Western European and North American countries, and what was it like in Serbia? What are the reasons for the emergence of private security? Applying the historical method, the authors conclude that the development of private security was influenced by numerous factors, which can be systematized into two groups: 1) internal (psychological) and 2) external (social) factors. A subjective sense of security is one of the most important internal drivers of human activity. Each person will do everything to maintain their own safety and the safety of their property and family, or to regain their lost security. Social circumstances in some countries have significantly influenced the development of private security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the authors analyze the status of the holder of the right to restitution of the confiscated land in relation to the holder of the right to lease the land subject to restitution and thus the rank of application of regulations on agricultural land in the restitution procedure in the Republic of Serbia. The return of property confiscated during the communist period is part of the transition process, which implies comprehensive changes in the state, including privatization of state-owned property and market operations on the principles of private property and competition, but also a need to correct injustice to former owners. According to the regulations of the Republic of Serbia, restitution is mandatory, but in practice it is realized very slowly, especially when the subject of restitution is the return of agricultural land, although this process realizes one of the basic human rights of citizens, defined in the international agreement, the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the right to free enjoyment of private property. In this paper, the authors analyze the conditions for the return of agricultural land e.g., the conflict of interest of the owner of the returned property and the holder of the right to lease on the returned property, and the implemented solutions in practice, on the example of a local government unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural areas have been facing distinctive challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. As in other parts of the world, in the Republic of Serbia noticed movement of people from places with high concentration of settlements, like cities, into less densely populated communities. Searching for rural, natural, wild areas far away from cities, tourists made different pressures on local environment (sound, litter, pressure on natural resources, pollution) but also increased demands for healthier way of living in accordance with World Health Organization recommendation during the Covid 19 period. Besides a clear environment, they would like to enjoy locally produced food and wild edible plants as a source of minerals, vitamins and other functional substances for strengthening immunity. Using standard botanical questionnaire, the research was conducted in selected rural areas with the aim to create a list of the most wanted wild edible plants by tourists and to overview their potential contribution to immune system strengthening in the COVID-19 pandemic period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of this article is to present the state and trend of agricultural insurance development in the Republic of Serbia, as to investigate the factors that determine the extent of agricultural insurance. Agricultural insurance in the Republic of Serbia is underdeveloped. During 2015, the number of signed policies was 19,799, or 3.13% of the total number of agricultural households. Mainly plant production is secured with almost 90% participation. The total premium for crop and fruit insurance is around 130 million EUR. The insured areas cover an average of 400,000 ha or 13% of the total arable land, with a slight upward trend. Factors on which the development of insurance depends are the economic development of the country, the state financial support, the offers of insurance companies, the specialization of production, the level of information of farmers, their perceptions of the importance of insurance, etc. Farmers perceive agricultural insurance as beneficial. They cite stability of production/income as the main motive for concluding insurance contracts, and other motives such as personal perceptions, information and education are important. Farmers who do not have an insurance policy state as a key limiting factor the lack of financial resources, as the price of insurance, lack of adequate information, distrust, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses the demographic and social characteristics of the rural population of Serbia since the beginning of the 21st century. Demographic potential is an important basis for social and rural development, and many villages in Serbia are empty or demographically old. Accordingly, the aim of the paper is to analyse the basic features of the age, educational and economic structure of the rural population, as well as their marital and family contingent according to census data from 2002 and 2011 and other. Based on those data, it is concluded that there is an increasing decline in natural growth at the level of Serbia in all types of settlements that the educational structure of the population in rural areas is still worse than in urban, and that rural depopulation is one of the most relevant rural issue that Serbia faces today [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the importance of social networks as a means of promoting the tourist offer of destinations, carried out by tourist organizations on the territory of the Republic of Serbia. The aim of the paper is to indicate the importance of promotion through social networks in the context of strong competition between tourism destinations in order to survive on the tourism market and attract more tourists. The paper presents the results of empirical research on a sample of 42 local tourist organizations about the types of social networks and the ways of their use in order to effectively promote tourism destinations and their offer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper gives an overview of the role of knowledge in a modern society that is characterized by intense social changes. The analysis is dedicated primarily to the role and objectives of education for the improvement of the environment or environmental education. In addition, the aim of the paper is to analyze the place and role of ecological education in some of the most important environmental documents in the Republic of Serbia. Analyzes are also based on data from available databases regarding ecological movements, associations and NGOs in Serbia. It is concluded that in the last decades an important steps have been made in inclusion of ecological contents in the teaching process in relation to the previous situation, and that there is a significant number of associations dealing with ecological content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Proceedings on Quality is the property of University of Zenica, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The agrarian-export potentials of Serbia should be perceived in the context of those markets where the transport (differential-rent) component can be a significant factor of export competitiveness. The "new EU-Danube Basin" syntagm signifies the intention to identify the agrarian market space where the waterway of the Danube is the connecting "main artery". It is the territory of the neighboring Danube basin new EU member countries (Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia, and Serbia, as an associate member), as a sub-region with very similar agroecological resources, and at the same time the similar structure of agricultural production and possible agrarian export. The initial hypothesis is that Serbia has certain advantages and accordingly there is a change in the position and growth of the relative significance of the EUDanube Basin market in its total agrarian exchange. Methodologically, the hypothesis is tested by means of several comparative indicators: the coverage of import by export, the coefficient of the relative advantage of agrarian export, changes in the dynamics and structure of bilateral exchange, as well as import as an expression of the efficiency of the utilization of agrarian resources. The basic sources of the data are national statistics and the UN and the FAO statistical bases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Proceedings of the International Symposium on Agrarian Economy & Rural Development is the property of Research Institute for Agricultural Economy & Rural Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Chapter 8 of the book "Lustration & Consolidation of Democracy & the Rule of Law in Central & Eastern Europe," is presented. It states that Serbian professionals had divided opinions regarding the need for lustration in the country after certain governmental changes were made. It says that attempts to promote lustrations in Serbia have been fruitless due to the weakness of its implementing body. Moreover, it asserts that authoritarianism has not been totally ended in Serbia.