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Papers on aspects of college admission, records, and institutional research functions are: "How To Improve Office Morale" (Victor Swenson); "Staff Meetings: How To Save Hours per Month and Develop Your Staff" (LuAnn Harris, Shelley Olsen); "Selling SPEED/ExPRESS" (Laura Patterson, Thomas Scott); "Advisement and Registration: A Terminal Solution" (Gregory Wist and others); "Women at the Top: Administration from a Woman's Point of View" (Raquel Henry, Rose Austin); "Guerilla Guide to Computing: Developing a User-Oriented System in a Small School" (John H. Brown); "Stress Management in the Workplace" (Barry Delcambre); "What's Hot in Institutional Research in the 90s?" (Mantha Mehallis); "Modern Voice Response Systems for Admissions, Financial Aid and the Bursar" (John Brown);"Doctoral Graduation Rates and Time-to-Completion in Ontario Universities: Data and Policies" (Maurice Yeates); "Business Process Re-Engineering: Transforming College Admissions" (Mariea Noblitt); "Ontario's Colleges of Applied Arts and Technology" (Colin Dobell); "Defining Enrollment Planning: A Nuts and Bolts Approach" (James, Maraviglia); "Developing a Computerized Multi-Campus Transfer Information System" (Larry Rubin and others); "Iran: Recent Educational Developments" (Peter Bartram); "Optical Scanning from Admissions to Grading" (Joneel Harris, Toni Allen); "High Order Technology in Enrollment Services: First the Destination, and Then the Path" (Mark Elliot); "U-View Plus for the Macintosh Registration Using a Graphical User" (Louise Lonabocker); "Total Quality Enrollment Management" (Jim Black); "Yes, New Technology Affects Recruitment and Marketing" (Gene R. Sherron); "An Introduction to EXAMINE: A Flexible Examination Scheduling System" (Michael Carter and others); and "New Staff Orientation: The Second Step in Insuring Your Students Get Quality Service" (Doug Hartnagel). (MSE)

Digital accessibility has become an important topic in the field of HCI, but when looking at accessibility on a global scale, we find that the representation of accessibility research is mostly centered in the Global North with countries that are WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic). Our paper explores digital accessibility in Iran, focusing exclusively on its national policies on accessibility. Iran is a non-WEIRD country located in the Global South, with no reports on its digital accessibility status from the Global Initiative for Inclusive Information and Communication Technologies (G3ict). We found that there is not enough focus on accessibility in Iran's regulations and we conclude our paper by recommending directions for improving this situation such as HCI and disability organizations in Iran cooperating with G3ict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the realization that the rapid worldwide growth of educational systems over the last two decades has not produced the expected eradication of social inequality, an international seminar was held for educational policy-makers, planners from developing countries, research workers in the area, and representatives of aid agencies from 33 countries. Three principal topics were examined: the diagnosis of inequalities in education and possible future objectives in the area; strategies for the reduction of inequalities; and education and inequalities in the labor market. The perspective of the developing countries was emphasized throughout. This volume contains 20 papers presented at the conference. Educational inequality, educational expansion, and employment inequalities are examined in several areas: Yemen, Upper Volta, People's Republic of Benin, Ethiopia, Zanzibar, East Java, Cuba, Guatemala, Thailand, Vietnam, and Iran. Other papers examine the question from a more global or general perspective. This volume is a companion to another publication containing a report of the seminar, a synthesis of the discussions that took place, and a selection of five papers presented. (JM)

The 22nd EUROCALL conference was held at the University of Padova from the 26th to the 29th of August 2015, the first time that EUROCALL has been held in Italy. The event was organized in collaboration with the University Language Centre and the support of the Department of Political Science, Law and International Studies. Over 300 delegates travelled from over 37 different countries to attend. The theme of the conference this year was Critical CALL, drawing inspiration from the work carried out in the broader field of Critical Applied Linguistics. The term "critical" has many possible interpretations, and as Pennycook (2001) outlines, has many concerns. It was from these that the conference theme was decided, in particular the notion that assumptions that lie at the basis of a field's praxis should be questioned, ideas that have become "naturalized" and are not called into question. Another concern of Critical Applied Linguistics is the relationship between the macro and the micro, an engagement with issues of power and inequality and an understanding of how classrooms and conversations are related to broader social, cultural and political relations. Over 200 presentations were delivered in 68 different sessions, both in English and Italian, on topics related specifically to the theme and also more general CALL topics. 94 of these were submitted as extended papers and appear in this volume of proceedings. An author index is included. (Individual papers contain references.)

Textbooks play an important role in teachers' instructional decisions (Jones & Tarr, 2007), which consequently affects students' learning. This paper reports on a comparison of the elementary mathematics textbooks used in Iran and the United States, the Go-Math textbook. I analyzed topic sequences, frequency of the tasks, and cognitive demands of the fraction task in second and third-grade textbooks, employing the framework developed by Smith and Stein (1998) regarding the Levels of Cognitive Demands (LCD). Findings showed that Iran's textbooks devoted more percentage of pages to fractions in second grade than Go-Math textbooks. LCD of the tasks in second grade in both courtiers were in lower levels. Also, the presentation of the fraction concepts varied in different countries and Go-Math covered more fraction concepts in third grade. Recommendations for future research were offered. [For the complete proceedings, see ED657822.]

This article, based on Khademi's (2021) Master's thesis, examines the use of Google Translate (GT) and its speech capabilities, Text-to-Speech Synthesis (TTS) and Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), in helping L2 learners acquire the pronunciation of English past -ed allomorphy (/t/, /d/, /id/) in a semi-autonomous context, considering three levels of pronunciation development: phonological awareness, perception, and production. Our pre/posttest results indicate significant improvements in the participants' awareness and perception of the English past -ed, but no improvements in production (except for /id/). These findings corroborate our hypothesis that GT's speech capabilities can be used as pedagogical tools to help learners acquire the target pronunciation feature. [For the complete volume, "Intelligent CALL, Granular Systems and Learner Data: Short Papers from EUROCALL 2022 (30th, Reykjavik, Iceland, August 17-19, 2022)," see ED624779.]

The concept of culture in architecture is based on the idea that architectural elements, shapes, and structures reflect the lifestyle of the peoples or groups that produced them. Culture is reflected in certain elements or shapes, as in domes. The domes after the Islamic conquest were highly associated with the architecture of mosques, mausoleums and palaces in Islamic architecture. The focus will be on the eastern part of the Islamic world, which includes a number of different ancient civilizations in which Islam spread on its lands, including the region of Iran and Central Asia on the one hand, and the Indian subcontinent on the other. These regions are considered to have a cultural stockpile that contributed to the development of Islamic architecture styles. The juxtaposition of the regions in this place made it subject to the successive Islamic conquest, which transferred the culture of the Arabs to it. It was also subjected to the Mongol invasions. Therefore, the problem of the research paper is to identify the impact of cultural diversity in the formation of domes in the countries that underwent the Islamic conquest, through the interaction that took place between the culture of the place and the teachings imposed by the new religion. The temporal limits of the study from the period of the Islamic conquest to the nineteenth century. The aim of the research paper is to study the stages of development of the dome to describe the most prominent formal transformations that occurred in the morphology of the domes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Iran there are two kinds of promotion for faculty in every governmental university or research institution: the one that can be achieved annually and is called "horizontal" promotion and the other that can be achieved every four or five years and is usually called "vertical". Although the former requires some points from an applicant applying for an annual promotion, the latter is the more serious of the two since it promotes a faculty from some rank to a higher one. The vertical promotion is a means of upgrading from instructor rank to assistant professorship, to associate professorship, and finally to full professorship that is the ultimate academic rank. In the vertical promotion, the academic performance of every faculty is measured from three aspects: educational, research, and scientific services. Each aspect is divided in turn into detailed items each of which is allocated some point. An applicant applying to promote to a higher rank must gain a minimum of a total point and a minimal point in some parts of educational, research, and services activities. To measure these performances, there have been, and are regulations approved by the Ministry of Sciences, Researches, and Technology (MSRT), the ministry responsible for non-medical higher education, and Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education (MHTME) in Iran. So far, three versions of these regulations have appeared and the purpose of this paper is to examine both quantitatively and qualitatively the modifications from the first version to the third to indicate the general trends governing these regulations. To do this, the paper tries to answer some questions by measurement and comparison of the activities, and tables and charts will be used to present the data compared. The author also tries to present some suggestions at the end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronavirus diseases 2021 (COVID-19) on going situation in Iraq is characterized in this paper. The pandemic handling by the government and the difficulties of public health measures enforcement in Iraq. Estimation of the COVID-19 data set was performed. Iraq is endangered to the pandemic, like the rest of the world besides sharing borders with hotspot neighbouring country Iran. The government of Iraq launched proactive measures in an attempt to prevent the viral spread. Nevertheless, reports of new cases keep escalating leaving the public health officials racing to take more firm constriction to face the pandemic. The paper bring forth the current COVID-19 scenario in Iraq, the government measures towards the public health challenges, and the future potential health risks that may emerge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is a powerful technique used for measuring and monitoring surface deformation due to natural hazards. It combines Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) with interferometry and is used to detect small changes in surface deformation over time, regardless of weather or time of day. InSAR is extensively used to monitor and measure earthquakes, volcanoes, and land subsidence. This paper reviews the application of InSAR in earthquake monitoring and deformation analysis. The reviewed studies demonstrate the effectiveness of InSAR in detecting and monitoring ground deformation caused by earthquakes. The use of advanced remote sensing technology and data processing techniques have enabled the detection of deformation at increasingly high spatial and temporal resolutions. Additionally, the paper provides a case study of a 6.3 Mw earthquake event in 2018, discussing the fault type and displacement map generated through InSAR technology. In conclusion, InSAR is a valuable tool in natural hazard monitoring and has wide-ranging applications from structural engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In preparing to study teacher-student interactions in mathematics classrooms in Iran, this paper as a literature review considers relevant mathematics education literature. I explore which aspects of classroom environments orient researchers to judge patterns of classroom interactions as productive. I examine patterns of classroom interactions that were empirically linked to student understanding. This paper highlights the importance of productive patterns of teacher-student interactions in promoting student learning, examining authoritative and dialogic teaching as two opposing approaches.

Murwab is one of the most important early Islamic archaeological villages in the Arabian Peninsula and the Persian Gulf, and one of the best-known. Excavated since the 1950s, the site has yielded a complete pottery assemblage which allows the site to be dated from the late eighth to the late ninth century AD. This paper presents an analysis of the ceramics of Murwab. The analysis is undertaken on a selection of 134 pottery sherds of common ware/'kitchen' ware without glaze and encompasses a petrographic study and elemental analysis using wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (WDXRF). The results of the petrographic analysis and some preliminary thoughts on the chemical analysis are discussed in the text. Twelve ceramic fabrics have been detected in the assemblage studied. The composition of the fabrics allows some preliminary suggestions about provenance to be drawn: none of the fabrics was locally made in Qatar and most of them seem to come from Mesopotamia, eastern Arabia, and southern Iran. The technology of the ceramics reveals an approach to the manufacture of common wares that is characteristic of the Upper and Central Gulf (corresponding roughly to the Gulf coast west of the Musandam Peninsula, including Khuzestan and Bushehr in Iran). It is not known when this technological approach started, but it does not seem to be documented in the Bronze Age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various limitation on the direct use of essential oil has stimulate encapsulation technology studies in the recent year. The study aimed to analyze the scope of essential oil encapsulation through a bibliometric analysis. This paper used Scopus database to collecting data about the subjects. VOSviewer was used for network visualization and map constructing. Started from 1988, a total of 1336 publications were collected for analysis. Over the last ten years, the number of articles published has increased significantly. Iran, China, and Brazil are most productive countries, while Indonesia published 26 articles in this topics. Based on VOSviewer visualization, the most influential topics are related to essential oil encapsulation method. However, overlay map showed new emerged author keywords related to the application of essential oil encapsulation for food packaging and microemulsion novel technique by pickering emulsion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanofluids are suspensions of nanoparticles with a minimum size of 100 nanometers or less. A decade of investigation into this composite material's wet-spreading properties, antibacterial activity, and other unique characteristics has attracted scientific interest. Nanofluids' enhanced features and behavior may benefit many industries such as chemical and process, transportation, electronics, medicine, energy and the environment. This includes device optimization and continuous improvements. Nanofluids have recently acquired prominence due to their ability to increase heat and mass transfer. The reported enhancements in nanofluids' mass diffusion and convective mass transfer coefficients are considerably larger than those observed in heat transfer research. This research concentrates on the most significant advancements in nanofluids and their fluid flow properties and their applicability in a variety of engineering fields. This investigation focuses on current nanofluid applications in chemical engineering, biomedical engineering, mechanical engineering, solar energy, sustainable architectural design, wastewater treatment, transportation, and industrial cooling. In addition, the importance of clinical imaging including the use of nanofluids in it were investigated and the colloidal drug administration and nanofluids are covered as well. Furthermore, to further examine and evaluate the term "nanofluids" and its engineering applications in different countries worldwide from 1997 to 2022, this article analyzed Scopus publications to do a statistical representation of published works in this field. According to the results, nanofluids applications are of particular importance to India and Iran, as shown by the 2476 and 2131 published papers, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demarcation of international borders is an essential issue. Although this can manage between neighboring countries, sometimes disputes may lead to many wars and problems. However, this can be solved officially by negotiation between the two sides; the actual solution required the determination of the exact borderline with pillars' positions. Consequently, a series of positioning computations are required, followed by field works to fixing these locations practically. This procedure can be achieved efficiently by geomatics techniques. This paper analyses the delimitation of the Iraq-Iran borders according to the 1975 Treaty. To highlight the borders demarcation problems and their solutions, the case study is the Shalamcha Border crossing area at Basrah, south of Iraq. In this area, a new proposed railroad connects the two countries, which required identifying the exact locations of borderline and frontiers pillars. The available data were extracted by modern geomatics techniques based on aerial photos taken in 1975 and approval maps of the Treaty. Thus, digital aerial triangulation was used (i.e. Bundle Adjustment based on Leica photogrammetry system) to produce orthorectified images. The derived positions on these images were checked by the observations of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). The final results show differences between the existing borderline and the derived one. This means that the positions of existing borderline and marker pillars do not match the delimitation in the 1975 Treaty. Consequently, there is a 220m of Iranian overstepping towards Iraq, which means the existing borderline required shifting and reconsideration in the railroad locations at border crossing points. Finally, the whole borderline is required checking and re- demarcations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the start of the studies on corporate social responsibility (CSR) goes back to the 1960s, it has not been long since businesses have paid attention to it in Iran. In this study, English and Persian articles have been reviewed to explore the CSR models which are being used in both contexts to understand the crucial dimensions of their models. Having two different CSR models, English/Persian, and their dimensions, allows a comparative approach and some recommendations for the Iranian context to benefit more from CSR activities. In this regard, a systematic literature review of CSR models in Iran was conducted using secondary data with a qualitative approach and practical purpose. At first, the focus was on English articles in the field of CSR in the period from 2018 to 2022, and then the review of Persian articles in the same field at the same period of time. Starting with 2013 English articles and 733 Persian ones, excluding inappropriate articles based on Tranfield et al. (2003) suggestion in four steps, a final sample of 23 English and 16 Persian articles was obtained. The classification of the extracted codes showed 21 CSR dimensions in English, and 13 ones for Persian models, while 9 of them had overlap in both. The main finding of the article was knowing the point that although there are similarities between the dimensions of the CSR models being used in Iran and other countries, the differences can be divided into two categories: The first group of the differences, which can be caused by the culture, laws, religions, and perceptions of CSR, and changing them if not impossible, but very difficult and maybe not necessary. On the other hand, taking steps to reform the second group of differences requires some actions from the policymakers, government, and businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracting information through online reading has become second nature to ESL students in higher institutions. Although online reading is indispensable among ESL university students, they lack the ability to read effectively. The present study examines students' metacognitive online reading strategies and how those strategies reflect understanding of scientific online reading materials for academic purposes. This was conducted through an online survey and semi-structured interviews. Data was collected among 55 university students enrolled in various Science and Technology courses. Out of the same sample, ten students were selected to participate in the interviews. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis with the use of SPSS and NVivo respectively. Thematic analysis was validated using inter-rater reliability analysis through Cohen Kappa analysis that yielded substantial results, indicating that the findings were reliable. Although the findings from the survey revealed that problem-solving strategies were used mainly by students, semi-structured interviews found contradicting results where support reading strategies were believed to reflect understanding by students. Implications that can be drawn are two folds. Students are motivated to use metacognitive online reading strategies depending on the type of texts; two, the need to use different reading strategies to elicit purposeful information based on the subject matter. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]

In social science, semi-parametric and parametric survival models are used for event history analysis, as classical models. However, due to growing technology nowadays, collecting big data are available in this field, and classical methods are not applicable for analyzing such data. In this situation, machine learning techniques must be used. In this study, 788 individuals who referred to divorce offices in all provinces in Iran during 2017 and 2018 were selected in a cross sectional study. The main aim of this paper is finding the most important covariates in analyzing Marriage Tolerance Survival (MTS), the year which couple problem starts till divorce year, by applying Random Survival Forests (RSF) as a non-parametric complementary machine learning techniques, and Cox model using R-language packages. random survival forest with log-rank split rule (RSF1) was appropriate for analyzing MTS According to the prediction error rates (23.71 percent). According to VIMP and minimal depth of RSF1 only 7 out of 41 covariates were selected to study MTS. By fitting Cox model on selected covariates, age, CEB, marriage turn, and using social media hours had significant effects on MTS; By increasing age and CEB the hazard of divorce decreases, though by increasing marriage turn and using social media hours the hazard of divorce increases and also MTS decreases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, due to the geographical location of Iran, which is a seismic region, the importance of lightening buildings to reduce earthquake damage is felt more than ever. Also, this lightening and reducing the dead load in the structure reduces the dimensions of the foundation, beams and columns. The aim of this study was to compare the compressive strength of lightweight concrete containing Leca and lightweight concrete containing Scoria. In this paper, the results of 12 cubic samples of 10×10×10 cm3 cubes are analysed. The ratio of water to cement and the use of lightweight aggregates are considered fixed in both designs. Before mixing, both light grains were placed in water for 24 hours to saturate. The test results show that the use of Scoria lightweight aggregate brings the average 28-day compressive strength of concrete to about 800Kg/m2, However, due to the relatively high specific gravity of Scoria, which is about 1823 Kg/m2, the specific gravity of the resulting concrete exceeds the allowable range set for lightweight structural concretes. In contrast to the use of lightweight Leca, concrete with a strength of about 373 Kg/m2 and a specific weight within the defined range of lightweight structural concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One primary step in preserving historical heritage against climate change is finding how this phenomenon affects the building material's hygrothermal performance. To study the such impact, a high-resolution and reliable climate model is required. The effect of the climate model's uncertainties on hygrothermal modelling is not well understood. This paper aims to evaluate two regional climate models, ALARO-0 and REMO2015, over northeastern Iran, employing HAM simulations to obtain more knowledge about the impact of the climate model uncertainties on hygrothermal modelling. The processing of the simulation results indicates that, despite the high accuracy of the analysed models for ambient temperature and precipitation, the outputs based on historical observations are significantly inconsistent with the model-based results due to the large bias of both models for wind-based parameters. The analysis recommends that a climate model evaluation using HAM simulations should be undertaken to avoid making incorrect predictions of future climate effects on building material degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper probabilistic seismic hazard assessment of Tehran for Arias intensity parameter is done. Tehran is capital and most populated city of Iran. From economical, political and social points of view, Tehran is the most significant city of Iran. Since in the previous centuries, catastrophic earthquakes have occurred in Tehran and its vicinity, probabilistic seismic hazard assessment of this city for Arias intensity parameter is useful. Iso-intensity contour lines maps of Tehran on the basis of different attenuation relationships for different earthquake periods are plotted. Maps of iso-intensity points in the Tehran region are presented using proportional attenuation relationships for rock and soil beds for 2 hazard levels of 10% and 2% in 50 years. Seismicity parameters on the basis of historical and instrumental earthquakes for a time period that initiate from 4th century BC and ends in the present time are calculated using Tow methods. For calculation of seismicity parameters, the earthquake catalogue with a radius of 200 km around Tehran has been used. SEISRISKIII Software has been employed. Effects of different parameters such as seismicity parameters, length of fault rupture relationships and attenuation relationships are considered using Logic Tree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of the current study is modifying students' daily drinking water and managing waste water through modelling activities as context and modelling cycle as tool. In this study, 12 students (13-14 years old) from the lower secondary school were participated. These students were participated in two sessions (60 minutes) each week for three months. Three modelling activities had been designed for this study. These modelling activities were related to the amount of water consumption. Classroom activities were video recorded and used as data in this study. In some cases, interviews conducted and used as complementary data. Tension which happened during the implementation of these two activities analyzed with activity system as a theoretical framework. The results of this study show that students were able to manage and modify their daily water consumption through doing modelling activities. Results of this study also show that power of mathematics could help students to solve their real-world problems and help them to have better life. [For the full proceedings, see ED630948.]

Mobile artifacts are the objects that increasingly surround us in life. They provide us with the opportunity to engage in activities outside the traditional context and at our own pace. In this article, we present the results of the tests of our mobile application intended for the learning of the French language with the concept of SPOC with a methodology of teaching pedagogy by project founded based on MIRTO by using the NLP tools. [For the complete proceedings, see ED639262.]

Trade plays an important role in dynamism and economic growth of countries. Most countries seek to develop trade with other countries and produce goods on the basis of comparative advantage in order to enhance economic growth. Various factors are effective on export value of Iran that it seems leading institutional indexes which can provide suitable conditions to develop export markets in Iran are highly important. In this paper, the effect of political institutions on Iran's export to trading partners in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations is explored and analyzed empirically during the time period 2000-2015 via spatial econometric approach. The research model is a regression model with panel data based on various product groups at HS-6 Digit Level of Iranian trade with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. According to research findings, a decreased limitation of exchange of goods that illustrates facilitator political institutions of exportation has positive and significant effects on Iran's export. Countries with better institutional quality have fewer limitations for export; this characteristic reduces transaction costs and provides better conditions for increased export. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a critical, analytical, and evaluative study of Samad Behrangi's educational life, writings, and thoughts by exploring the influence of Behrangi's ideas, theories, and educational practices on the past, present, and future of the Iranian education system. Samad Behrangi was an Iranian teacher who wrote extensively on a variety of topics. He was influenced by Maslow and Rogers who claimed that children's physical, emotional, and intellectual needs must be given a great deal of attention in schools. He was mainly concerned with the quality and suitability of textbooks and how they were taught to rural and village students. He was concerned also with the living conditions, educational survival, and societal responsibilities to these Iranian children. The paper is organized under the following headings: Who Is Samad Behrangi? Behrangi's Popular Publications; What Did Behrangi Live, Fight, and Die For? Behrangi's Suggestions for Educational Reforms; How Should Stories and Folklore Be Taught? How Should Teachers Be Trained? What Is Wrong with Iran's School System? Behrangi's Masterpiece: "What is "Mahi-e Seyah-e Kocholo?" and How Did Behrangi's Life End? (LL)

The concept of language learner autonomy has influenced Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) to the extent that Schwienhorst (2012) informs us of a paradigm change in CALL design in the light of learner autonomy. CALL is not considered a tool anymore, but a learner environment available to language learners anywhere in the world. Based on a work-cycle as a practical framework for implementing autonomy in online courses (Legenhausen, 2003), the current study introduces WebQuest to be used as ideas and an activity bank. Work cycle design takes several principles of learner autonomy such as goal setting, content and format choice, self-evaluation and reflection in action and is defined as a learner-based approach that emphasises metacognitive knowledge that raises students' awareness to become more conscious of their own language learning process, strengths and weaknesses (Ter Haseborg, 2012). The idea and activity bank at the top of a work cycle provides learners with the opportunity to plan and negotiate, make decisions, do project work and evaluate their learning in a cyclic mode. Thus, the current article argues that because of its flexibility and accessibility, WebQuests lend themselves to the work cycle approach in online courses aimed at fostering autonomy. Moreover, the findings of the current study indicate that WebQuests contribute to the development of learner autonomy by encouraging critical thinking among learners. [For the complete volume of short papers, see ED572005.]

This paper examines the strong relationship between American universities and Iranian institutions of higher education from 1960 to 1980 and beyond. A review of comparative literature indicates that these relationships have had a lasting impact on Iranian education. The paper begins with a brief history of education in Persia beginning around 700 B.C. The main body of the document outlines: (1) Iranian higher education policies and programs; (2) the nature of cross-cultural relations in higher education between Iranians and Americans including the work of American educational missionaries, educational advisors, academic and technical partnerships, and the experiences of Iranian students in the United States; and (3) the internal and external factors that affected these links. Contemporary educational outlooks derived from Shiah Islam, the predominant religion in Iran, are analyzed and interpreted; and confrontations regarding higher education among various types of Iranian secular, modernist, and traditional Muslim academicians are discussed. The paper concludes with some suggestions for improving current educational relationships between the United States and the Islamic Republic of Iran. (Contains 21 references.) (Author/LL)

There is a growing body of research on using learning analytics in an online constructivist learning environment to improve students' engagement and self-regulation. However, little is known to what extent female and male students differ in their engagement and self-regulation in an online Constructivist Learning Design and Learning Analytics (CLDLA) environment. This study was conducted to explore gender differences in engagement and self-regulation in a constructivist learning design and learning analytics environment. To do this, 50 female and male graduate students from Allameh Tabataba'i University participated in a Moodle course called "Teaching skills" and they were asked to fill out Agentic Engagement Scale and Self-Regulation Questionnaires in two phases as pre-test and post-test. The findings showed that female students received a higher score for engagement and self-regulation scale compared to male students from pre-test to post-test. These findings suggest that female students found the online CLDLA environment more engaging and self-regulative than male students. Based on the results, recommendations for future research and educational practice are presented. [For the complete volume, "Proceedings of International Conference on Studies in Education and Social Sciences (Antalya, Turkey, November 11-14, 2021). Volume 1," see ED625228.]

Edmodo has a significant role and place in the language teaching and learning contexts. However, there is no conclusive evidence on how Edmodo affects the language learning process. This study aims to present a review of the studies to make recommendations for teachers and researchers for further research. The study concludes that learners and teachers mainly have positive perceptions of and attitudes towards the use of Edmodo in the language learning process. It is also concluded that the use of Edmodo is efficient for fostering basic language skills, overall language proficiency, and communication skills. On the other hand, there are several drawbacks encountered during the utilization of Edmodo in language classes.

Information technology investment decision making is one of the significant issues. Since the IT investment evaluation is not just based on direct and tangible factors and many other intangible and indirect qualitative criteria influence this evaluation. Generally, there are two different approaches in evaluation methods with their own advantages and disadvantages: tangible methods such as Discounted Cash Flow, Net Present Value, Information Economics, etc. and intangible methods such as Value Analysis, Multi Objective Multi Criteria, Critical Success Factors, etc. But a more effective and precise road map is to guide decision makers to choose an appropriate multi criteria model that consider both tangible and intangible factors together. In this paper by literature review of these mentioned methods, various tangible and intangible factors were determined from different academic papers and practitioner resources and then were classified in two domains and a number of sub-domains. In order to obtain complete and applicable criteria, five reduction factors were defined, i.e. clarity, completeness, non- redundancy and operationality. Then this criteria list was delivered among a number of mangers and information technology specialists. According to the given answers, a new criteria list was obtained with eliminating nonapplicable criteria. As a consequence, to assess the importance of each criterion for creating the model, the rating scores, one to five were defined and added to the new lists. Then these new criteria lists were conducted among CIO, CEO, CFO and other related specialists in different Iranian companies to customize these criteria according to their business strategies and requirements. Score one represents not important and five represents very important. The results are assumed as the minimum level of criteria with maximum coverage in different information technology projects. In the next step, based on the results, we developed an analytic hierarchy decision making model. The results of this research indicate that this model is applicable and can be easily expanded by aggregating new sub criteria to be customized for different IT investment evaluations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the theory of "genetic scheme of human information" is presented for the first time. This theory is in based on fifteen years of continuous study and research on related sciences including cognitive and meta-cognitive psychology, the system of processing information, information pathologies such as amnesia, information interference, mistakes in remembering information such as the time of tests and exams, neurology and learning, chemistry and long term memory compounds, electricity physics and electrons movements in data transferring. To make the theory more comprehensible, a conceptual model on the process of receiving knowledge, repairing knowledge and finding the relationship between different sciences to each other was created and presented. This included the use of factor analysis method and path analysis with multiple variable regressions. Its fitness degree was accepted with 86.12% by a group of 186 Faculty members of Iranian universities. The paper also offers a conceptual model for understanding the way information system of human mind performs in data saving and recalling. This model benefits from the results of previous studies and researches on the way memory performs In terms of neuroanatomy, neuropsychology, physiology, and the system of data processing in the field of metacognitive Psychology. This model was approved by a group of 97 lecturers in education and neuropsychology, who have been randomly selected. The related ratio is 85.538. The statistical method employed is factorial and path analysis. This model depicts the structure of the type of information and the way it is preserved and saved in the memory. In addition, the model makes it possible to transform the data into other forms which can be recalled and recognized in a simpler way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to offer a comprehensive review of the extant research on the emergence and effects of transformational leadership (TL) in Iran. The review shows that TL research in Iran has considerable similarities with findings emerging from the Western context with regards to the effects of TL on individual and organizational outcomes. However, there is scant research on what factors contribute to the emergence of this leadership, how it weaves its effects on outcomes and when this leadership behavior is more or less effective. Specifically, the role of culture as an antecedent of TL and as a boundary condition of its effects has received sparse attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a commonly held belief that today's "Read/Write Web" has given voice to previously unheard minorities, and that it has enabled all people with an Internet connection to participate in a new "community-driven, participatory space" (Richardson, 2010). Language teachers, no less than others, are also encouraged to believe that the prevalence of networking on the Internet is increasing the multiculturalism of learning and is breaking down cultural barriers. Such a potential obviously has particular relevance to teaching English as an international language and has led many teachers, ourselves included, to rely on the magic powers of the Internet to ensure that our learners have a real audience, thus motivating them to relate their language learning experience to their real-life concerns. However, our personal experiences have sometimes led us to almost unwillingly empathize with those who express concern that the image of a democratic Internet is in fact merely a mirage, all the more dangerous for creating the illusion of all people being given equal voice, while in fact repressing some voices in the most subtle of ways. In this paper, we would like to offer a somewhat different perspective on the hegemonies of Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL), first briefly offering our classification of e-learning/CALL hegemonies which builds on Lamy and Pegrum (2012), and then sharing first-hand experiences of some less-frequently explored layers of such hegemonies. We hope that sharing these experiences might be beneficial in highlighting the need for a more critical view toward CALL. [For full proceedings, see ED564162.]

Learning Style (LS) is an important parameter in the learning process. Therefore, learning styles should be considered in the design, development, and implementation of e-learning environments. Consequently, an important capability of an e-learning system could be the automatic determination of a student's learning style. In this paper, a set of features which are important in extracting the learning style automatically from students' behavior has been determined. These features, which are recognized based on Myers-Briggs Type Indicator's (MBTI), play a key role in predicting learning styles in an online course. The features are determined and ranked using pattern recognition techniques, such as K-means clustering algorithm, to show which features can be better to separate learning style dimensions. The results show several features can be used to predict learning styles with high precision. [For the complete proceedings, see ED562095.]

The question of how Islamic religion interacts with sociopolitical modernity has been at the forefront of public and academic debates. At the level of public value systems and attitudes, the focus has been on whether Islamic beliefs foster anti-secular political worldviews. This paper investigates this and similar questions in the case of Iran. Particularly interesting is the evolution of religious beliefs under a theocratic regime. Are personal levels of Islamic faith associated with support for Islamic rule? Do religious people tend to be different in their sociopolitical attitudes then non-religious people? The paper provides a unique way to understand the linkages between religiosity, social and political attitudes by presenting survey evidence conducted by the author in Tehran in August 2003. The findings suggest that both religiosity and positive political attitudes towards the state make people more supportive of the Islamic rule. Religious citizens refrain from participating in Friday prayers as a reaction to their abuse by regime hardliners for political propaganda and are highly critical of the current political governance. However, the support for the Islamization of politics seems to have a cultural basis among religious citizens. Despite their discontent with the current political governance in Iran, religious people continue to prefer Islamic law and clergy to be central to politics. These findings indicate the importance of discussions of "Islamic democracy" for evaluating the prospects of political transformation in the Muslim World. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In examining the world-historical context of the rise of pan-Islamic nationalism in Iran, this paper posits Islamic fundamentalism as a modern and global (rather than premodern and local) movement. Drawing on Polanyi and linking economy, polity, and culture, this study traces the origins of pan-Islamic nationalism in Iran to the transformation of the world-market relations in the second half of the nineteenth century and the rise of the food/agrarian regime after 1870. It shows that the relations of the state and the mercantile classes with the world market led to conflicting developments, viz., the national "contraction" of the state on the one hand and the international "expansion" of commercial classes on the other hand. The latter, in the course of their struggles for state representation, merged with the rising pan-Islamic reaction against European expansion in the "Islamic world." Pan-Islamism, by its capacity for articulating the economic nationalism of the mercantile classes in ethical terms, mobilized the masses of people for the struggle for the nationalization of the state. Hence, as a historical form, modernity and nationalism in the late nineteenth century Iran took a nonsecular character. Later, the Cold War politics revivified the pan-Islamic component of Iranian nationalism, creating the context for the rise to power of fundamentalism in the 1980s. The paper warns against the reification of place and culture rooted in binary conceptualizations of the local and the global phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a goal of Iranian governmental vision in 2020, the total productivity share of all Iranian sectors must be reached to 31.3% of GDP (at least). All the efforts and infrastructure should be developed in order to meet this goal. For this purpose a research project has been defined in National Iranian Gas Company (NIGC) for productivity measurement of Technical Inspection departments and the BSC-DEA model has been developed in order to measure productivity using Productivity Monitoring System (Multi-Performance Objectives). The finding of this project (which is still under development) is presented in this paper. The MADM methods are applied to choose the proper KPIs of performance objectives. The BSC approach which is applied in this project provides a methodology to determine the KPIs. Developing productivity monitoring system using DEA method will be a useful tool for further steps of continues improvement. Application of this approach is illustrated by a case study in NIGC Technical Inspection department. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the rise in the displaced population numbers, refugees' transnational lives, sexual minority refugees, in particular, have remained at the margins of transnational migration studies. In this paper, based on 35 interviews with gay Iranian refugees in Canada, I argue for refugees' agencies and against the rhetoric that represents refugees as passive and inherently welfaredependent. To this end, I focus on refugees' transnational lives and analyze their agency in managing ties with their families back in Iran as well as building social ties with policy-makers and human rights activists in Canada. I connect transnational, forced, and queer migration literature to the broader body of social theory by drawing on Bourdieusian social theory and argue that it is necessary to deploy de-nationalized methods of inquiry to account for intra-group diversities as well as the social relations and symbolic ties that stretch beyond national borders in bringing social groups together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper reports on the results of a research project built on two streams of work. The first is a well-established framework for the participation of Indigenous peoples in the global economy through entrepreneurship in the pursuit of development on their own terms (Colbourne and Anderson, 2017). The second is research into the structural and competitive determinants of successful participation by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the global economy (Nkongolo-Bakenda et al., 2006, 2010). Combining these two streams, the project involves case studies on SMEs in challenging contexts struggling to participate internationally to increase the well-being of the enterprises’ owners, families, and communities. The communities are (1) the Kanak People in New Caledonia and (2) the San People from South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Botswana with (3) SMEs from Iran all struggling to compete internationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While climate change seems an obvious phenomenon, but what causes the climate to change is still debated. There are many people, including some scientists who are skeptical about the role of humanity in the process and argue that climate change is a natural phenomenon caused by "the Little Ice Age" as they call it and has nothing or little to do with human activities on earth. Others argue that what is happening to the climate today is mostly manmade. The latter group refer to a substantial body of peer reviewed scientific research that shows humans playing major role in the increase in greenhouse gasses, which is responsible for the climate change. No matter what causes climate to change, the economic impact of it cannot be ignored. The purpose of this paper is to briefly review climate change and what causes it, and then focus on the social and economic impact of climate change on Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although in blast analyses the response of soil and structures can be easily investigated separately, their interaction still remains indistinctive, especially in the field of infrastructures as they are super strategic. In this research a numerical modeling based on a case study from a metro station in Iran is selected to be simulated numerically in order to study the effect of a soil layer laid over a station under explosion loading. In this paper, the results are presented displaying amplification and a dissipation phase which shows the complex behavior of soil layer. There would be a model verification based on crater analysis on a soil medium. Finally as a conclusion there is a discussion over the results that displays if the loading frequency matches the natural frequency of the soil layer an amplification may occur that can cause an unavoidable disaster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the Product portfolio management, however, this issue frequently involves disparate types of information that are vague, incomplete, objective, and subjective. This paper purposed to identify the most appropriate technique for selecting beneficial product portfolio in Parsian Insurance Company (the largest private insurance company in Iran). A combination of MCDM techniques are employed; at first the evaluation criteria are transformed into a hierarchical form and their relative weights are calculated by fuzzy AHP methodology to settle the conflict properly. Afterwards, fuzzy VIKOR technique is employed to synthesize the indicators for final ranking of the product portfolio. Effective indicators in product portfolio management are investigated and an integration approach of fuzzy AHP and VIKOR are demonsterated to evaluate and rank the utility of each product. This is the first time that a product portfolio model is developed using fuzzy approach for an insurance organization where this is crucially important for strategic decisions, business and marketing planning. The proposed combined approach will help future studies to be applied for complex decision processes which often make sense in the presence of subjective data or vague information in order to solve product portfolio selection problems with different defuzzification approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this case study was to examine how one teacher supported her students in making contributions to whole-class discussions in an Iranian classroom. Data were analysed using a grounded theory approach and include field notes from all classroom observations and three teacher interviews collected over five weeks in a Year 11 classroom. Findings indicated that in spite of the differences in context, the Iranian teacher's practice shared substantial elements with the 'five practices' of orchestrating productive mathematical conversations outlined by Stein et al. The results suggest that proactive support of students' mathematical understandings is an achievable goal worth pursuing in Iran.

One of the major factors influencing the rise in the cost of banking services and facilities paid by banks is the cost of the money in the banking system, which, of course, is also increasing due to a large number of reasons. Over the past years, due to the expensive banking facilities, one of the reasons for it is the rise in the price of money in banks by experts and bankers. The fluctuations in oil prices and its effects on economic growth after the oil crisis of the 1970s and recent crises are considered by many researchers. This paper examines the relationship between oil prices and the cost of money in Sepah Bank with data dating back to 1390-1381 in Iran. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient show that there is a significant relationship between the two variables of the finished price of the bank and the price of oil. At the end, appropriate strategies are presented with research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stagnation and inflation has been the big challenge in recent Iranian economy. How the path to economic growth could be found? Regarding different models presented in the field of economic growth, the development of the financial sector is an important factor affecting economic growth. Banking sector is one of the most important sectors of financial development. The main aim in this paper is to estimate the effects of efficient bank system performance on economic growth in Iran. The data reflecting the Bank efficiency is available for a relatively short period of time from 2006 to 2014. Fortunately this data has been available concerning all 30 Provinces in Iran. So, we have used Panel Data approach to consider the effect of banks efficiency on the economic growth in terms of provinces in Iran during the period from 2006 to 2014. The results of the study, using the static effects method show that the Loans to Deposits Ratio as banks efficiency index has a positive and significant effect on economic growth in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A full three dimensional Navier - Stokes numerical simulation has been performed for performance analysis of a Kaplan turbine which is installed in one of the Irans south dams. No simplifications have been enforced in the simulation. The numerical results have been evaluated using some integral parameters such as the turbine efficiency via comparing the results with existing experimental data from the prototype Hill chart. In part of this study the numerical simulations were performed in order to calculate the prototype turbine efficiencies in some specific points which comes from the scaling up of the model efficiency that are available in the model experimental Hill chart. The results are very promising which shows the good ability of the numerical techniques for resolving the flow characteristics in these kind of complex geometries. A parametric study regarding the evaluation of turbine performance in three different runner angles of the prototype is also performed and the results are cited in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jasper and agat mines have been recognized in the Soltanieh, about 56 km of north-eastern of Qom city and about 80 km of Tehran. Geologically, this region locates in Structural zonation of central Iran and Orumieh- Dokhtar volcanic belt, and that field had been studied, and there is (showing) evidence of precious stones and expensive mineral in the original of volcanic rocks of Orumieh- Dokhtar area. In the scattered outcrops of volcanic masses and sedimentary deposits of this rocks would be recognizable variety of valuable precious minerals. Regarding providing of geological maps in the scale of 1/2500 and gathering sample of minerals stones and sediments, it had been identified proportional concentration of jasper and agat in the five parts of this area. Economical potential had been confirmed to do different trace cutting and sections in these parts and preparatory extracting to open top, and it is estimated about 2500 tons of storage and possibility of extracting about 150 tones. In this paper has been tried to compare original of making above volcanic rocks to other part of Orumieh- Dokhtar belt toward north western to south eastern that would be included vast parts of Iran geology, it would be introduced other hopeful regions in southern parts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By moving from product based economy to the knowledge based economy (Ducker, 1994; Van de Ven, 2004), knowledge management is treated as a vital aspect to lead firms to the successful threshold. Knowledge is merged into the nature of business competition, which leads to formulate a sound corporate strategy. Owing to technologies, materials, and competitiveness, several industries find themselves in complex scenarios. But the attention has to be turned to this point that knowledge itself cannot be the solution, but the intellectual capital and the way the firms produce competitive advantage by them is viable for them (Brooking, 1996). In this process, the firms that want to achieve better competitive position need to be innovative. Therefore, the way that firms benefit from knowledge management in becoming more innovative can bring on sustained competitive advantage for them. This is contingent to the mindset of managers in the way they look into their resources. Until now, innovation has been somewhat of a black art (Muller, likangas and Merlyn, 2005). In order to make it more explicit, knowledge management can provide the metrics to make decisions about when, how and where to invest. In literatures related to innovation, knowledge is discussed as the element of a recombination process to generate innovation (Galunic, 1998; Grant, 1996). The approaches so far that try to measure firms' quantifiable success with innovations achieved through KM is still debatable. Both exploration and exploitation of knowledge contribute to the innovativeness of firms and to its competitive advantage (Swan et al., 1999; Hall et al., 2002; Levinthal et al., 1993; March, 1991). Empirical work, however, is still in its infancy and characterized by measurement approaches (Hall et al., 2006). The originality of this study lies in its purpose to explore issues of knowledge management and its relation to the innovativeness of organizations. The study focuses on three selected Iranian banks, an industry and a setting that receive less attention by researches so far. As, human resources is considered as a valuable source for organizational innovativeness, this paper studies managers' mindset effectiveness in leading or misleading the organizations in achieving organizational innovativeness. Based on a questionnaire survey, the authors argue that applying the knowledge management makes it simpler to achieve the innovativeness in organizations. What we found significant in this study is that employees who are provided with appropriate opportunities toward generating novel ideas would create new services in banking. The mindset of bank managers who care about their human resources absorbs diversity of opinions and provides equal opportunity for all employees to present ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]