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The assessment of genetic diversity is a key step in evaluating the adaptation of populations to new environmental conditions, and thus in the selection of new cultivars. The present investigation aimed to assess genetic variability of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes grown in Algeria. The 17 hexaploid genotypes of bread wheat were assessed using 16 molecular microsatellites of SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat). Among the 16 microsatellite markers tested, only 11 markers were the most polymorphic and reproducible. The Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) values per locus varied from 0.14 to 0.70 with an average of 0.48 and 0.49. Genetic similarity between genotypes varied from 0.27 and 0.92 with an average of 0.60. The highest genetic distance value of 0.92 has been scored between Kauz/Pastor/Fiscal and Wbll1*2/Brambling. The lowest value of 0.27 scored between Cham6 and Pastor/Wbll1. Genetic similarity calculated from molecular data and used to produce a dendrogram. The genotypes involved were divided into two clear groups according to their origin and pedigree. The first cluster included wheat genotypes Ain Abid (local genotypes), Attila/2 Pastor, and 5119 (introduced genotypes). The second group revealed high polymorphism and subdivided into four sub-groups. The high diversity revealed among the wheat accessions grown in Algeria is likely to be used in genetic improvement programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water deficit is the major environment factor affecting bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain quality under Mediterranean climate. Many ecological regions in Algeria are suitable for the production of bread wheat, and therefore the technological quality of this wheat should be improved. The determination of the technological quality of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) requires a strong investment of time and money on behalf of the flour industry. For this reason, a field experiment was carried out over a 1-year and field trials were conducted in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Ten bread wheat genotypes grown in 3 different bioclimatic stages: Guelma (Sub-littoral sub-humid), Sétif (semi-arid highlands) and Constantine (Semiarid interior plains) for 2 years (2012-2013; 2013-2014) were investigated. On grain samples the following quality analyses: Pelshenke Pel and SDS sedimentation tests as a technological test then alveograph parameters (dough tenacity P, extensibility L, swelling G, dough strength W, and P/L ratio) and gluten content as a rheological test were performed. Highly significant positive correlations were found between wet and dry gluten and between swelling G and extensibility L. Dough tenacity P was positively correlated with dough strength W and P/L ratio. Alveograph energy W and dough swelling G recorded the highest values in Kauz/Pastor/Fiscal, Pastor/Wbll1 and Thelin// 2* Attila*2/Pastor. These genotypes are characterized by a very high baking strength (strength wheat) bread-making despite their average rheological properties. The other tests Pelshenke and SDS revealed that the genotypes studied were medium and good quality under water deficit environment. Most quality traits were primarily controlled by genotypes (G), although environment (E) and genotype x environment interaction (G x E) also had significant effects. Technological parameters recorded the highest values in the Setif and Guelma area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The molecular characterization of Genetic diversity of ten bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties was evaluated by studying high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits. Polymorphism of HMW-SG war carried on by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Among genotypes analyzed, twelve polymorphic bands were identified at the three loci Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and Glu-D1. The analysis of HMW-GS reveals a great diversity at the level of the three loci and more particularly on the locus (Glu-B1). The results show the superiority of the alleles 22, (6+8), (7+9), (2+12), (10+5) and (7+8), compared to other alleles. It was evident that the combinations of HMW-GS for good quality encoded at different loci usually offer better dough elasticity and bread-making quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digestate is a liquid residue from anaerobic digestion in biogas plant. Digestate contains a high proportion of mineral nitrogen and other macroelements and microelements necessary to plant growth. Recycling of nutrients contained in digestate back to the soil is considered as the most suitable utilization of digestate. The digestate used in experiment was taken from agriculture biogas plant which uses pig manure and corn silage as input raw materials. This paper presents the results of laboratory pot experiment including the results of soil analysis and effects of using whole digestate and digestate and haylage mixture to underground and aboveground biomass of wheat (Triticum aestivum). We have chosen 10:1, 5:1 and 3:1 weight ratios of digestate and haylage and we have observed their inhibitory or stimulatory influence on roots and stems. We have recorded the highest root inhibition using whole digestate, highest root stimulation using digestate - haylage weight ratio 3:1 and the highest stem stimulation using digestate - haylage weight ratio 5:1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigations were carried out to ascertain some biochemical and kinetic properties of acid phosphatases (ACPs) from Pisum sativum and Triticum aestivum cotyledons named as ACP I and ACP II. The phosphatases obtained from the two sources were thermally stable (upto 70°C) and displayed acidic activities by using para-nitrophenylphosphate as substrate. The specific activities of ACP I and ACP II were 81.9 and 42.6 unitsmg-1 with Km values of 2.85 and 2.50 mM, respectively. Values of temperature coefficients (Q10) and activation energy (Ea) were found to be 1.7, 1.5 and 44.7, 40.6 kJmol-1 for ACP I and ACP II, respectively. ACP II activity was enhanced by Mg2+, Mn2+' Tween-20 and Cween-20. All the cations tested had slight inhibitory effect on ACP I. Sodium Lauryl Sulphate (SLS) acted as strong inhibitor of both; ACP I and ACP II, with inhibition constants (Kj) 4.6 x 10-4 and 5.5 x 10-4 M, respectively. ACP II was inhibited by most metals (except Mg2+, Mn2+) but the most powerful inhibitors were Cu2+ (uncompetitive) and Fe2+ (non-competitive) with Kj values 8.7 x 10-5 and 2.5 x 10-5 M, respectively. These results suggest that the acid phosphatases (ACP I and ACP II) play an important role in energy transfer, releasing of inorganic phosphate and also due to thermostability might find potential applications in various bioindustries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]