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This paper presents a technique for mapping the vegetation cover of mountainous areas based on seasonal satellite data from Landsat-OLI 8, using information about vegetation growth conditions. This mapping is based on the creation of a layer of relatively homogeneous areas in terms of relief and climate. Training samples for the classification of images were formed within these areas. Satellite images were classified using the maximum likelihood method. The created map reflects the spatial distribution of 9 classes of forest vegetation and 10 classes of non-forest vegetation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Proceedings of the International Congress on Process Engineering - Processing is the property of Union of Mechanical & Electrotechnical Engineers & Technicians of Serbia (SMEITS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sunflower is the main oil crop in Russia. Broomrape (Orobanche cumana) is a parasitic plant, feeding on sunflower roots. The main method to control broomrape is a development of resistant varieties or hybrids. But broomrape constantly evolves and produces new strains. Breeders have to test all the material for resistance to broomrape every time to search for new resistance genes and to select resistant plants from segregating populations. The aim of our work is to evaluate sunflower lines and breeding material by the different testing techniques. The same set of sunflower lines was evaluated in the field, lisimeters, climatic chamber and by the simple laboratory equipment. Broomrape seeds used in all the experiments were collected in the farmer's fields of Krasnodar and Rostov regions of Russia. The field evaluation was certainly the most adequate, but the most expensive, with high risk of soil being contaminated by broomrape seeds and time-consuming also. Lisimeters are useful and have no risk. Climatic chambers and greenhouses are the most popular for testing among the breeders. We try to use also Petri dishes, paper test and small vegetation pods to screen the sunflower material as fast as possible. As a result the most resistant lines (L-2018-1-1 and L-2018-1-2) were recognized. Susceptibility of lines VK 789 and VK 934 B to the new strains of broomrape were proved. Individual plants from segregating populations (L-2018-1A x VK 920 and L-2018-1A x VK930) were identified for the future breeding. Similar results were obtained from all the methods of evaluations, so we recommend using the short laboratory test for screening and lisimetric or field method for the final evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conducting scientific experiments in driving simulators requires the modeling of reliable and complete road environments. These environments must provide extensive landscapes with the artifacts and natural element that can be usually found in the real world. This paper presents a method to efficiently produce models of natural vegetation. The produced models are then applied to populate existing terrain definitions, allowing the fast preparation of extensive environments with realistic landscapes. The human supervisor can interact in this generation process, in order to obtain custom landscapes definitions. After the landscape generation process, the road network definition can be then generated, producing a complete driving environment, in an integrated modeling process. The proposed method allows modeling a wide range of drive environments, with the realism and quality required to the realization of virtual training or experimental work in many terrain based activities, such driving simulators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of the study of the formation and accumulation of heptyl in wild plants from soil, contaminated by rocket fuel, at the sites of emergency falling of «Proton-M» launch vehicles in Central Kazakhstan. It has been experimentally proved that certain concentrations of heptyl in gray-brown sandy soils are not phytotoxic for Agropyron pectiniformee (1-5 mg/kg) and Artemisia dracunculus L. (1-25 mg/kg), however it can cause anatomical morphological changes of roots and leaves. The revealed signs increase with an increase in the dose of contamination of the soil by heptyl above 25 mg/kg. The obtained experimental data are intended for further development of environmental standards for chemical contamination of plants by rocket fuel components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As it is known, a good status of land cover has an important role in reducing of runoffs and soil losses in the torrential agricultural watersheds. A good vegetation cover reduces the erosive power of impacting raindrops and thus splash erosion, furthermore it reduces the volume of water reaching the soil surface. The effectiveness of land cover in reducing soil erosion depends upon the plants' density, height and continuity of the canopy. In Romania, soil erosion represents a big problem for the hilly agricultural lands, especially in the last period of time and mainly after the finalization of land restitution process. The paper presents some of the results of a study carried out at the Agronomic University's Aldeni/Buzau Research Station on Soil Erosion, concerning soil losses under different crops and pedo-climate conditions. Based on the longtime field measurements conducted on the runoff plots, in the period 1992-2012, the role of the vegetation and crop factor were checked and some strong correlations were established between the soil loss on different slope steepness and the erosive factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste products of plant origin are valuable secondary raw materials in the process of agricultural wastes utilization into products with high added value. The application of secondary raw materials is complicated due to the high fibrecontent. The aim of this study was to identify strains of microorganisms capable to produce a wide range of exocellulolases in order to reduce the crude fibrein mild conditions without applying expensive commercial cellulases. The following strains were chosen for this experiment: Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma reesei according to the literature review. All the investigated strains have generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status. The effect of the Trichoderma viride culture fluid on the content of crude fibrein the process of heterogeneous submerged fermentation was studied as well as the effect of low lactose concentrations on the ability of microorganisms to produce enzymes. Determination of cellulase activity was carried by the classic method based on filter paper. Reducing sugars were detected according to the modified method of Miller. The content of crude fibrein the samples was determined by the method of Henneberg and Stohmann. Sunflower is widely used to produce vegetable oil and protein products in Russian Federation. Deproteinized sunflower meal with 24-29% crude protein and 39- 42% crude fibrewas chosen as substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Proceedings on Quality is the property of University of Zenica, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the highlights of the sixth conference of the Planta Europa society entitled "Actions for Wild Plants," which was organized by its Steering Committee with co-participation of the Committee on Nature Conservation of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the W. Szafer Institute of Botany of the Polish Academy of sciences, from 23-27 May 2011 in Krakow, Poland.

This paper aims to identify and quantify compounds, such as tannins and anthocyanins from valuable herb known as potentially bioactive plants used in traditional medicine, beverage production and special food. Thus, they were monitored 26 species of plants (leaves, fruit) chicory (Cichorium intybus), yarrow (Achillea millefolium), bilberry (leaves and fruits) (Vaccinium myrtillus), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), juniper (Juniperus communis), cranberry (branches and fruits) (Vaccinium vitis-idaea), dill (Anethum graveolens), thorn (Xanthium spinosum), mint (Mentha), raspberry (leaves and fruits) (Rubus idaeus), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), celandine (Chelidonium majus), wild rose (Rosa canina), Lady's bedstraw (Galium mullugo), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), wormwood (Artemisia absinthium), hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), willow herb (Epilobium), centaury (Centaurium erythraea), oregano (Origanum vulgare) St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum), dumb (Teucrium chamaedrys), strawberries (Fragaria), raspberry (Rubus idaeus) blackberry (Rubus fruticosus), cherry (Prunus cerasus). The study led to the amounts which ranged from 4.4549 g / 100 g to 89.5833 g / 100g tannin, and 1.2 mg / 100 g to 109,7mg / 100g anthocyanin. The obtained results lead to the conclusion that these plants can be used in medicine and food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to identify and quantify compounds, such as tannins and anthocyanins from valuable herb known as potentially bioactive plants used in traditional medicine, beverage production and special food. Thus, they were monitored 26 species of plants (leaves, fruit) chicory (Cichorium intybus), yarrow (Achillea millefolium), bilberry (leaves and fruits) (Vaccinium myrtillus), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), juniper (Juniperus communis), cranberry (branches and fruits) (Vaccinium vitis-idaea), dill (Anethum graveolens), thorn (Xanthium spinosum), mint (Mentha), raspberry (leaves and fruits) (Rubus idaeus), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), celandine (Chelidonium majus), wild rose (Rosa canina), Lady's bedstraw (Galium mullugo), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), wormwood (Artemisia absinthium), hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), willow herb (Epilobium), centaury (Centaurium erythraea), oregano (Origanum vulgare) St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum), dumb (Teucrium chamaedrys), strawberries (Fragaria), raspberry (Rubus idaeus) blackberry (Rubus fruticosus), cherry (Prunus cerasus). The study led to the amounts which ranged from 4.4549 g / 100 g to 89.5833 g / 100g tannin, and 1.2 mg / 100 g to 109,7mg / 100g anthocyanin. The obtained results lead to the conclusion that these plants can be used in medicine and food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precision farming is a relatively new part of agriculture. It is very important to understand the processes of plants. Especially understanding the various stages of plants growth, including their internal processes, allows us to evaluate the health of crops or estimate yields. There are a large number of tools and approaches to carry out these analyzes. Among the well-researched methods may include biophysical techniques. Laboratory analyzes are frequently used and very accurate. Unfortunately, these methods use only spot samples. It is very difficult to apply the result to the entire agricultural area. Use of remote sensing (RS) data and sensor networks in the agricultural area is very wide. Each crop reflects different amounts of energy in different parts of the electromagnetic radiation. This fact is not only used for the classification of crops, but especially for estimating yields, health assessment, evaluation of water stress plants or determining the amount of chemicals in the area of interest. The big advantage is that we can obtain data not only point samples, but we have all important data from the whole area of interest. This article describes the influence of biotic and abiotic factors of agricultural crops on the spectral reflectance curves. Based on the data that are analyzed it can be determined a spectral reflectance curve for each crop in different vegetation phases. The paper compare different agriculture plants that are in different soil. The results are very important for next analysis in precision farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Proceedings on Quality is the property of University of Zenica, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a review of the quality of acid soils depending on the content of mobile aluminium and its toxic effect on small grains. Acid soils in Central Serbia (over 60% of total arable land) are marginal with respect to the cultivation of most small grains due to their unfavourable physical, chemical and microbiological properties. Al toxicity and low P levels are considered the main constraint to plant growth and development on acid soils. High levels of Al in the soil solution have an extremely toxic effect on cultivated plants. The plasma membrane of root-tip cells is the primary target of Al toxicity. Mechanisms of Al tolerance in plants involve the exclusion of Al from the root-tip rhizosphere zone and its neutralisation in the plant symplasm. This review also presents the latest interpretations of Al toxicity and resistance mechanisms in small grains considered important for stable food production in the future. However, regardless of intensive research, Al toxicity and resistance mechanisms have not been sufficiently elucidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forest fires are common occurrences in Kazakhstan, particularly from June until September, and damage the country's forest resources extensively. The mapping of burned areas is crucial for fire management, to implement the proper mitigation strategies and restoration actions following the fire season. The mapping of burned areas enables a thorough evaluation of the damage caused by fires to forests. The unique characteristics of forest plants and soil are dramatically altered by the fire's destruction, leading to a dramatic shift in reflectance. The destruction caused by fires can be mitigated, and vegetation can be replanted, with the use of maps depicting the affected areas. The accurate and timely mapping of burned areas is critical for fire prevention methods such as planning, mitigation, and vegetation regeneration. The country Kazakhstan launched two satellites, KazEOSat 1 and KazEOSat 2, as part of the Earth Remote Sensing Satellite System (ERSSS) for the management of natural resources and monitoring. The KazEOSat 1 is a high-resolution observation satellite, launched in a Sun-synchronous orbit at an altitude of about 630 km, consisting of four spectral bands (4 m) and a very high panchromatic (1 m) band. In this study, KazEOsat 1 satellite datasets were used to map the burned areas in various parts of Kazakhstan. Three different spectral indices, viz., the Global Environmental Monitoring Index (GEMI), Ashburn Vegetation Index (AVI), and Burn Area Index (BAI), are used and the findings are compared to the best burnt area discrimination index using the KazEOsat 1 satellite datasets. The results show that the BAI shows a higher accuracy than the other indices at mapping the burnt area using the KazEOsat 1 satellite datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past few years, the effects of global warming have become more pronounced, particularly with the melting of the polar ice caps. This has led to an increase in sea levels, which poses a threat of flooding to coastal cities and islands. Furthermore, monitoring and analyzing changes in water levels has proven effective for predicting natural disasters caused by the rising sea levels. One vital factor in understanding the impact of global warming is the sea surface height (SSH). Measuring the SSH can provide valuable information about changes in ocean levels. This study used data from the Jason 2 altimetry radar satellite, which provided 36 cycle periods per year, to investigate the water heights around the Hawaiian Islands in 2019. To accurately evaluate the water height variations, a specific area near the Pacific Ocean close to the Hawaiian Islands was selected. By analyzing the collected satellite data, a chart of water heights was generated, which showed an overall increase in the height over one year. This analysis provided evidence of changing ocean levels in the region, highlighting the urgency of addressing the potential threats faced by coastal communities. This study also explored several factors that contribute to water height variations, such as the sea surface temperature, precipitation, and sea surface pressure in the Google Earth Engine cloud-based platform. Algorithms, including MLP and XGBOOST, were used to model the water height within the specified range. The results showed that the XGBOOST algorithm was superior in accurately predicting the water height, with an impressive R-squared value of 0.95. In comparison, the MLP algorithm achieved an R-squared value of 0.92. This study shows that advanced machine learning techniques are effective in understanding and modeling the complex changes in the water height due to climate change. This information can help policymakers and local authorities make informed decisions and create strategies to protect coastal cities and islands from the growing threats of rising sea levels. Taking proactive measures is crucial in reducing the risks posed by more frequent and severe natural disasters caused by global warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of landfills on surrounding vegetation in Naples, Italy, utilizing Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 imagery processed with Sen2like. Seventeen landfill sites were studied with indices NDVI and GCI using four years of data, revealing significant vegetation growth reduction near two landfills compared to farther areas. Continuous monitoring is crucial, and satellite imagery offers an effective assessment tool. The study establishes a correlation between landfills and vegetation, underlining the need for ongoing monitoring and exploring additional factors influencing vegetation health within landfill environments. The findings contribute valuable insights to promote sustainable landfill management and protect surrounding ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the "Upper Vistula Valley" Natura 2000 area with valuable plant communities and a bird refuge. The area's natural environment provides advantageous conditions for their development as a result of its location in the foreland zone of the mountains in the neighbourhood of the Moravian Gateway (the most important longitudinal ecological corridor in Central Europe), the diversity of the substratum lithology and soils as well as the pattern of the local hydrographic system. From the middle ages onwards the local rural economy has been centred on the development of ponds, which also reinforced and developed the habitat structure which is dominated by water features. Birds and the natural habitats which they occupy are the nature resources of greatest value in the region. The habitats and avifauna complexes found in the neighbourhood of the Goczałkowice Reservoir (built in the 1950s) provide one of the most important bird refuges and these have been surveyed and are evaluated in this report. Two habitat complexes play a key role in maintaining the bird refuges in good condition: A - Goczałkowice Reservoir, with nearby ponds, marshes and wet meadows and B - forests, plantations and scrub. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the robust classification for large data, in case classification of vegetation area at Jakarta with remote sensing. Remote Sensing is the process involving an interaction between incident radiation and the targets of interest. The classification process is guided in two steps; training and classification steps. The training step is done to know the reference spectral of vegetation area, and the classification step is carried out to classify the Jakarta area into the vegetation and the non vegetation area. The hole process of classification is not simple. The main problem is noise. The claud covering area is considered as noise. The classification of large data with noise needs the efficient and effective approach. The aim of the paper is to propose a new robust approach , the Modified MVV, to classify the vegetation area of Jakarta. The Modified MVV is the modified data subset having minimum of a square of length of a parallelotope diagonal . The good properties of Modified MVV are the consistent estimator and the more efficient computational time than is of MVV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Proceedings on Quality is the property of University of Zenica, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents the effect of fertilizers with nitrogen and phosphorus, applied both unilaterally and in different combinations, on the quality of wheat grains during the period 2014-2017. In this regard, the research was carried out on Ciprian wheat variety, created at SCDA Lovrin, in a long-term experience with fertilizers, founded in 1967. In addition to genetics, the climatic factor and the technological factor play a fundamental role for obtaining superior quality productions for winter wheat, to the deepest levels. The glutenin extraction was performed by the Lab on a Chip method. The study of the average glutenin accumulation results demonstrates the importance of the combined application of the two types of fertilizer. If we report the average results obtained during the three years of vegetation to the total content of glutenin it results a significant increase of its values (between 23.92 g and 25.89 g) in all fertilized variants compared to the unfertilized control variant with an average content of glutenin of only 11.01 g /100 g flour. The fertilizer combinations studied influences distinctly significantly positive and the accumulation of HMW glutenin subunits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at studying the technological process of dehydration of medicinal and aromatic crop plants and spontaneous flora, in order to determine the most suitable drying process and the technical-functional equipment. The artificial dehydration of food products medicinal and aromatic plants, although it is characterized by relatively high costs, is widely used because dried products have the weight and volume reduced and may be retain and use for a long time after harvest, maintaining food quality or the therapeutic quality (in the case of medicinal plants). At the same time can ensure the rigorous control of technological operations, so the final product complies with current food safety regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ramps (Allium tricoccum Ait.) are popular spring ephemerals in Eastern North America due to their pungent, garlicky taste. Despite their popularity, little is known about their life-history traits, including what insects visit and potentially pollinate their flowers. Monitoring communities of arthropods is challenging, mainly because they are time-consuming and highly dependent on taxonomic expertise. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding allows for faster and non-lethal surveys of these communities as it amplifies the traces of DNA left by arthropods when visiting the plants. For this study, we collected 48 ramp umbels in two localities, Grafton WV, and Bolivar PA, in the summers of 2021 and 2023. We performed eDNA barcoding on these samples using the universal animal barcode, the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). We obtained eDNA representing 18 arthropod orders, including 83 families, and 90 genera, from different ecological groups such as pollinators, predators, parasitoids, and phytophagous species. Overall, our study shows eDNA as a viable and valuable tool to assess arthropod communities of wildflowers and provides information on the life-history traits of an emblematic species in Appalachian culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the content of five heavy metals(Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, Zn)were measured before and after the phytoremediation in Yingcheng coalmine wasteland, Jiutai City, JiLin Province China, by using the method of atomic absorption ,and the Nemerow index method was used to evaluate the pollution intensity of the five heavy metals, in the same time, the adaptability, repair effect and accumulation feature of the three forage grass species (Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb, Medicago sativa Linn, Txifolium repens L. )were compared with each other. The results showed that the repair effect and the ability of adaptation of Melilotus suaveclens Ledeb was better, which was introduced by our Research Group and called "gold 1", two years later the pollution intensity of soil by original heavy pollution reduced to light pollution, and cadmium pollution intensity by original extremely strong pollution downed to moderate pollution with the biomass growth bigger, followed by Medicago sativa Linn, while Trifolium repens L. couldn't grow; the overall average accumulation and transformation ability of Melilotus suaveclens Ledeb were larger than Medicago sativa Linn, and increased with the extension of planted time, the accumulation and transformation ability to cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) of the five heavy metal elements was stronger; the accumulation and transformation ability of Medicago sativa Linn reduced with the extension of the planted time , and the accumulation ability of cadmium was stronger too, but it was poorer than Melilotus suaveclens Ledeb. The Melilotus suaveclens Ledeb. is been taken as the ideal repair plant in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The United States-Mexico border stretches 2,000 miles long, from the Pacific Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico. The border region, or the 60-mile-wide area that runs along the border, has the distinction of being the only place in the world where a highly developed country and a developing nation meet and share overlapping natural resources. In recent decades, the border has been a site of rapid transformation due in large part to global economic forces and increasing regional integration. Most recently, there has been a good deal of interest in augmenting the manufacturing sector along the border with the development of power plants to fuel industries and homes in Mexico and the United States. Interest in energy development in the border region has grown over the past few years due to increased local demand for electricity, regulatory reforms in Mexico that allow for the export of energy, Mexico?s lower labor costs and less-restrictive environmental regulations, and California?s energy crisis. Using theoretical frameworks developed by Saskia Sassen (1996, 1998, 2000), Aihwa Ong (2000) and Storper (1997), I argue that processes of economic globalization as well as state responses to globalization have/are restructuring and reconstituting the ?shared space? along the U.S.-Mexico border. In particular, I argue that due to the location, the availability of nonsubstitutable labor, natural resources as well as permissive regulatory frameworks that characterize the northern border of Mexico, recent interest in power plant development in the region represent ?territorialized economic development.? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents data on the effect of herbicide mixtures on the dynamics of weed numbers and soybean productivity in different weather conditions. Experimental variants: 1. Control – without treatment; 2–9. Mixtures of soil herbicides and vegetation – Gardo Gold, CP, Korum, ASC, Algorithm, EC, Harmony, STS, Bazagran, WS, Galaction, EC, Global, WS, Tactical, VR, Fusilad Forte, KE, Command, KE, Proponit, KE Harmonyn Classic, ADS, Pulsar, VR, Anaconda, KE, Aton, ADS, Bentus, WS, Legat, KE, Contador, ASC, Fabian, ADS. Research has shown that in the Amur region, the smallest number of weeds – 12.9 pcs./m2 conserved when treated with herbicides after sowing Gardo Gold, CP and vegetation Fabian, ADS+Bazagran, WS, and the highest yield of soybeans2.52 t/ha on the average for two years was obtained during the treatment of crops with soil herbicides Algorithm, KE – 0.6 l/ha+Anaconda, KE – 1.3 l/ha and on vegetation Aton, ADS – 0.006 kg/ha+Bentus, WS – 2.3 l/ha+Legat, KE – 0.6 l/ha+Contador, VR – 2 l/ha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]