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The global haze problem is becoming increasingly prominent, and indoor air pollution is becoming more and more serious, resulting in an increase in the number of patients with "sick building syndrome" living in closed rooms. Under the bad indoor and outdoor air environment, scholars from various countries have actively explored the use of indoor plants to purify the air. Windows are not only a channel for the exchange of air between indoors and outdoors, they are also a channel for outdoor pollution to enter the house. By integrating plants with windows and using trace irrigation technology, the author designed and built a maintenance-free plant window device - Green Window System (GWS). This paper introduces the detailed structure, irrigation technology and plant screening of the GWS.9 experiments were set up to compare the absorption capacity of indoor and outdoor particulate between the GWS and the same amount of indoor plants under the same conditions. The study found that under indoor air circulation conditions, the GWS adsorbed 1.3% and 1.71% more PM2.5 and PM10 respectively than ordinary plants. Under indoor and outdoor ventilation conditions on a hazy day, the PM2.5 and PM10 in the room with the GWS were 26.53% and 40.18% lower respectively than in an ordinary room, indicating that the GWS is more effective in adsorbing PM2.5 and PM10, and proving that the GWS is more effective in purifying PM10 than PM2.5. The green window system saves space in the room and enhances the photosynthetic efficiency of the plants. The GWS creates closed airtight ducts and a more humid environment that facilitates the adsorption of plants and the settling of particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Malaysia and many other Asian nations where rice is the principal crop, rice straw is routinely burned openly after harvesting. Open biomass burning of crop leftovers is a typical practise that emits a substantial amount of air pollutants which has serious implications for indoor air quality, public health, and climate change. As a result, emissions from open rice straw burning may contribute significantly to local air pollution levels. Most Malaysian farmers are unaware of the numerous alternatives for managing rice straw, and thus believe that burning is the best option. This necessitates massive awareness campaigns to educate farmers about the availability of economically viable options and the cumulative effects of rice straw burning. The articles in this review were chosen based on predefined criteria and demonstrated that the biological and chemical components of particulate matter that are emitted from the rice straw burning activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Being comfortable and healthy in one's home is of the utmost importance and a contributing factor to the quality of their life, and it is greatly affected by the air quality of the residence. Therefore, the subject of this paper centres around the indoor air quality (IAQ) of a standard household in central Athens and how these components influence human health. The air quality assessment is conducted using particulate matter (PM) on-site continuous measurements taken from low-cost sensors (PurpleAir) installed both inside and outside the house. Focusing especially on PM2.5 data from September 2021 to September 2022, the Air Quality Index (AQI) and the number of exceedances are evaluated in detail, investigating the association between indoor and outdoor environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poor indoor air quality inside the cabin of a coach can be due to indoor air pollutants or to inadequate ventilation. Exposure to surrounding airborne particulate matter inside a long hour journey may increase health risk of the coach passengers. In this study, a one-minute gaseous (carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2)), physical parameters (relative humidity, airflow, temperature), coach speeds, and number of occupants' data were gathered two days trips for each route travelled coaches via motorways and local routes. The Route 1 journey started from Terminal Kota Bharu (TKB) to Terminal Bersepadu Selatan (TBS) and Route 2 link between Terminal Kuala Terengganu (TKT) and Terminal Bersepadu Selatan (TBS). Data were analysed to understand variability of the variables by using R software and its packages were applied temporally and statistically. An advance and a computational intelligence technique named the Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) was used to examine Relative Variable Importance (RVI) and estimation the Strength of Interaction Effects (SIE) inside cabin coaches. Results demonstrates significant variation in PM10 are distance (39.19%), elevation (15.19%) temperature (10.56%) humidity (6.65%) for Route 1 and 46.7% for CO (13.77 %), humidity (8.92 %), and elevation (8.01 %) for Route 2. It was found that strength of interactions (SIE) index was determined for humidity and temperature for both routes which range between 0.23 to 0.32, followed by humidity and airflow interactions (0.05) and CO and airflow (0.18) for Route 2. Since SIE or H-values fall within range from 0 to 1 which value of zero indicates that there are no interactions between the variables, the interaction between variables will be stronger if the value is closer to 1. It appears and promises that this machine learning method in particular BRT is able to examine in cabin pollutants and physical environment data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attention to the importance of indoor air quality (IAQ) has increased in recent years. It is a topic that has grabbed the interest of scholars, researchers, and the public. Unfortunately, research shows that many indoor locations such as houses, nurseries, schools and offices have been suffering from unhealthy indoor air. Current literature shows that the most significant indoor air contaminants are CO2, CO, NO2, O3, TVOCs, and particular matter along with thermal conditions such as temperature and humidity. The presence of those contaminants affects human health negatively. While different methods to improve indoor air do exist today, yet there is no one best solution. Green Lean Six Sigma (GLSS) frameworks has been used successfully to tackle the problems related to environmental issues in different fields. Accordingly, this paper tries to address a core question of the possibility of applying GLSS approach to improve indoor air quality within various facilities. The definition of GLSS and an overview of the developed GLSS frameworks and their applications will be presented through a review of the relevant articles available in the literature. The findings will highlight possible challenges and featured strong promising research opportunities regarding the use of GLSS approach to improve indoor air quality. The major finding is that there is a lack of implementation of GLSS in different fields and exploring new fields will most probably show positive feedback. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People are aware that outdoor air pollution is harmful to their health, but indoor air pollution can also cause serious health complications. This study aims to determine the indoor air quality of modernized jeepneys to identify the best solutions to eliminate harmful emissions and provide comfort and good health for the occupants. The researchers conducted an IAQ assessment, including the following concentrations: carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, PM10, PM2.5, formaldehyde, temperature, and relative humidity. In addition, a correlation of the parameters with the number of passengers and the cycle of opening-closing of the door were identified. A survey was conducted to explain the sampling results further. Based on the results, PM2.5 and PM10 were the only contaminants that appeared to be within the standards. Temperature and carbon dioxide both have a relationship with the number of passengers. Carbon dioxide and PM2.5 both have a relationship with the cycle of opening-closing of the door. The rest of the results and recommendations drawn based on these results are discussed in the latter part of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grocery stores are primary establishments where people purchase food, supplies, and household items. Most stores are open daily, and some even for 24 hours. Customers enter Rodamel Grocery Store in Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, during the operating hours to buy goods. To ensure public health safety, there is a need to measure/analyze the IAQ of the Rodamel Grocery Store and compare the gathered data to existing IAQ standards. For three consecutive days, air quality monitoring devices were used to measure the ventilation, temperature, humidity, also the concentrations of CO2, formaldehyde, and particulate matter such as PM2.5 and PM10. Bioaerosol samples were also collected and grown using a process called Growth Culture Analysis to qualitatively identify how much is inhaled depending on the grocery shopper’s exposure time. Based on the results, only the temperature and the humidity did not meet the acceptable ranges from the standards, exceeding the maximum of 27 ̊C and 60 respectively. For the bioaerosol sampling, all the 18 samples show a relationship that the longer the shopper stays inside the grocery store, the more bioaerosol exposure is experienced. Further recommendations are also given to the Rodamel Grocery Store to address their indoor air issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering people's growing curiosity and awareness of indoor air pollution, this study aims to evaluate the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) of a Korean unlimited grill restaurant. The methodology was adopted from US EPA BASE, with the parameters of dry bulb temperature, relative humidity (RH), carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, and particulate matter concentrations (PM2.5 and PM10) that mainly influence IAQ. The gathered data were evaluated to different international and local codes and standards: international provisions from ANSI/ASHRAE 62.1 and OSHA; and local provisions from DOLE, DOE, and DENR-EMB. The following equipment were used for the following parameters: Smart Sensor AR 807 and ASHRAE hygrometer (for dry bulb temperature and RH); Vernier CO2 gas sensor (for CO2); and LanBaoDeYuan's LB-S06 formaldehyde detector (for PM2.5 and PM10), with a 2-hour testing for both lunch and dinner. According to the results, overall indoor temperature readings were above the standard temperature; RH readings exceeded its standard except 1.7m indoor level; CO2 concentrations both during lunch time and dinner time were lower in the satisfactory range; and both PM2.5 and PM10 were higher than the ASHRAE 62.1-2016 standard limit but lower than the ACGIH standard limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air quality is the overall description of air pollution levels in a defined area that may affect the environment and public health. Over the years, increasing levels of air pollutants from natural and human-related sources lead to poor air quality. In urban areas where there are higher concentrations of people and air pollutants, poorer air quality would mean posing more detrimental health risks for its residents. Most exposed would be transport-workers such as traffic enforcers, drivers and daily commuters. Previous studies have proved that air pollutants coming from different components of the train cabin and ventilation system are significant sources of harmful air contaminants that could cause health risks and safety risks to passengers. Health effects of air pollution range from acute symptoms such as coughing and respiratory infections, to the development of chronic diseases and even mortality. This paper summarizes significant findings on the air quality inside the MRT 3 train cabins, including air contaminants and its effect on the health risk of passengers. The air contaminants assessed include carbon dioxide (CO2) and atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10). Also, a survey was conducted to determine the common illnesses experienced by the passengers and their causes. The results of the study revealed that concentration levels of CO2 have a strong positive correlation (r=0.828) to the volume of passengers inside the train cabin while the presence of particulate matter such as PM2.5 and PM10 has weak negative correlation (-.0.055 and -0.210) to the volume of passengers. However, the concentration of air pollutants must still be reduced since some passengers reported common illnesses such as headaches, dizziness, sickness, and breathing difficulties when riding MRT trains. Hence, the study recommends some interventions to maintain the good indoor air quality of the train cabins like installing small-scale air capture technology to lessen the CO2 concentration and installation of the air vent to lessen the atmospheric particulate matter inside the train cabins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are various sources influencing indoor air quality (IAQ) which could emit dangerous gases such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), ozone (O3) and particulate matter. These gases are usually safe for us to breathe in if they are emitted in safe quantity but if the amount of these gases exceeded the safe level, they might be hazardous to human being especially children and people with asthmatic problem. Therefore, a smart indoor air quality monitoring system (IAQMS) is needed that able to tell the occupants about which sources that trigger the indoor air pollution. In this project, an IAQMS that able to classify sources influencing IAQ has been developed. This IAQMS applies a classification method based on Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN). It is used to classify the sources of indoor air pollution based on five conditions: ambient air, human activity, presence of chemical products, presence of food and beverage, and presence of fragrance. In order to get good and best classification accuracy, an analysis of several feature selection based on data pre-processing method is done to discriminate among the sources. The output from each data pre-processing method has been used as the input for the neural network. The result shows that PNN analysis with the data pre-processing method give good classification accuracy of 99.89% and able to classify the sources influencing IAQ high classification rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decent quality of indoor air is important for health and wellbeing of building users. We live, work and study in indoors of various types of buildings. Often people are exposed to pollutants at higher concentrations than these that occur outdoors. Continual investigation of indoor air quality is needed for ensuring comfort and healthy environment. Measuring and analysis of occurrence of physical, chemical and biological factors is the first step for suggestion of optimization measures. Inside school buildings there are often inadequate climatic conditions such as thermal comfort, humidity and ventilation. High concentrations of pollutants, mainly particulate matter and volatile organic compounds are achieved in indoor air. Mold, bacteria and allergens are also frequently present. Poor indoor air quality is associated with the occurrence of sick building syndrome symptoms, childhood asthma, allergic diseases and other respiratory infections. This exposure leads to undesirable impact on the educational process. This fact has led to quantitative and qualitative determination of physical and chemical factors, subjective assessment of the state of indoors in schools. Investigation of indoor air quality in selected school building is presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is an experimental study that explores the bioharmological properties of outpatient clinics at hospitals. Hospitals, in broad terms, are one of the institutions with the most complex structures. To ensure user satisfaction, it is highly important to indicate the bioharmological properties of polyclinics. The research sample includes hospitals in Elazig and uses the results of measurements for the parameters of CO, CO2 and O2, ambient temperature, light, relative humidity, noise, dust content and electromagnetic field. The results of the Image Permanence Institute (IPI) and Bioharmological Conformity Assessment (BCA) metrics are valid for the month of December. This study found that these outpatient clinics do not satisfy the criteria of auditory, visual and seasonal perception analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the effects of air pollution exposure on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are well documented, the underlying mechanisms linking indoor air quality to cardiovascular diseases are largely unknown. In order to investigate changes in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) associated with changes in exposure to indoor air pollution, we conducted nonlinear time series analysis of BP, HR and indoor air quality from the survey of health and living status of the general population in Taiwan. Associations of daily averaged indoor air pollutants [particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters < 10 μm (PM10), particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters < 2.5 μm (PM2.5), total volatile compounds (VOCs) and carbon dioxide (CO2)] with systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP) and HR were explored by applying generalized additive mixed models. After controlling for potential confounders, we observed that increased hourly averaged indoor PM2.5 was associated with elevated SBP, DBP and HR. Associations of increased hourly averaged total VOCs with elevated SBP and HR were also observed. We concluded that changes in BP and HR are associated with exposure to indoor air pollutants in the Taiwanese general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]