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Previous studies present that students struggle with the Shape and Space topic. This occurred due to low skills in visualizing processes among the students. Based on this issue, student improvement can be achieved using appropriate learning methods and aids. Shapify It! app is a mobile application that is used to help students in the visualization process involving the topic of Shape and Space. Note that the Shapify It! app involves active participation among students in class. In addition, Shapify It! app is one of the digital innovations that implement augmented reality technology in the teaching and learning process. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of the Shapify It! app in the visualization process in the Shape and Space topic. Here, 120 Year Two students from primary schools in Selangor participated in this study. A purposive sampling technique was applied in this study. Other than that, the pretest and posttest were the instruments applied in this study. The participants were given intervention for one month through four learning sessions. Pretest and posttest data were collected and analyzed quantitatively. The study discovered that it was difficult for the participants to make visualizations involving 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) shapes, making them unable to answer the questions correctly. However, the findings also demonstrated positive improvement in students' achievement in this topic. Hence, this study proposes an augmented reality application that has the potential to improve visualization skills for the topic of Shape and Space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method known as navigation concentrates mostly on the act of observing and managing how people, vehicles, and perhaps other things navigate through one location to the next, including: oceanic, terrestrial, and air navigation. The college navigator is an android smartphone software that is mostly use in guiding paths within campus buildings, such as colleges, hospitals, malls, etc. Today's smartphones are much more than just communication tools. Mobile phones in particular become tools that facilitate our daily and professional lives. The usage of mobile apps have grown significantly in recent decades in tandem with the technological advancements and the attractiveness of such gadgets. Location-based apps with augmented reality aspects are indeed feasible thanks to modern technologies like GPS, sensors, compass, and accelerometer which may be utilised to identify the direction of smartphone. People may get instructions through one point to the next using various paid navigational software, including Apple maps Google Earth, Yahoo Maps, street view and Mapquest. Such programmes aren't capable of produce directions which may not exactly accurate like a pathway on college might need; instead, people should explore across established roadways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of Augmented Reality (AR) technology in indoor navigation has transformed spatial awareness and user interaction. This research focuses on "AR@Campus," an AR app designed for campus navigation, aligned with Industry 4.0 principles. It leverages AR to enhance human perception and dynamic digital interaction. The primary goal is to provide an intuitive campus navigation experience using IndoorAtlas positioning technology. Key features include overlaying virtual elements like paths and landmarks onto real-world views, improving spatial understanding. The study covers software development, interface design, and user evaluation, utilizing the IndoorAtlas SDK and Android Studio for precise positioning. The user interface prioritizes ease of use and personalized experiences. User testing is integral, confirming the app's effectiveness, praised for its user-friendly interface and spatial awareness enhancements. AR@Campus represents a significant step forward in campus navigation, benefiting users by seamlessly integrating AR technology into their daily experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a literature review on the potential of augmented reality to facilitate socio-scientific issues-based learning in biology class. This study was conducted using the Systematic Literature Review method through five main stages: formulating the research problem; searching the literature; selecting the literature; analyzing and synthesizing; and reporting the findings. Articles that meet the criteria were selected to be analyzed further. Based on selected articles, we analyzed on what kind of augmented reality technology that can be used and how can augmented reality support socio-scientific issues-based learning in biology class. The findings reveal that augmented reality can be an alternative media for biology teachers to facilitate socio-scientific issues-based learning in the form of mobile application. The integration of augmented reality in biology learning based on socio-scientific issues is able to facilitate context visualization, increase students' participation, develop conceptual knowledge, affective, socio-scientific reasoning, and many other skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When studying geometric and graphic disciplines ("Descriptive Geometry", "Descriptive Geometry and Engineering Graphics"), it is extremely important that the student has a reliable figurative representation of the main geometric objects (lines, surfaces) already in the first lessons. VR/AR technologies can help with this. The authors propose to introduce VR/AR technologies into the educational process along with classical teaching methods through the use of a special smartphone application. When you point your smartphone camera at a graphic marker, this application allows you to view a three-dimensional geometric model from different angles in real time. To create the application, the authors used the SketchUp editor and the Unity environment. The application was tested while teaching the discipline "Descriptive Geometry" at the Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University) and showed positive results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increased availability of mobile devices has changed various industries and will continue to improve how information is processed in the future. Because of its improved mobile capabilities, augmented reality has become increasingly popular. The AR market is expected to grow at a rapid pace in the coming years, with some of the largest names in tech industries leading the way. Companies who want to stay ahead of the curve should at the very least think about how augmented reality could be integrated into their operations. Many smartphone applications have recently implemented Augmented Reality in different functional areas; the objective here is to investigate the various areas of Augmented Reality applications and to assess its success and potential in various fields. This paper will also provide an overview of Augmented Reality and analyze its potential and popularity in different functional areas. It will assist businesses, entrepreneurs, app developers, etc., in determining if Augmented Reality applications are appropriate for the functional area in which they are operating and might help them gain a competitive advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the significant impact of tourism recovery in this time of healthcare pandemic, this study aims to develop a mobile application that enhances the tourist experience while exploring the exquisite attractions of the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) using augmented reality (AR). Anchored with the design thinking approach, the researchers used the feature-driven development methodology in developing the system. Usability testing was conducted using the USE tool to measure the extent of usability and acceptability of the application among the tourists of CAR identified through random sampling. Features include immersive experience through AR and GPS on accessing information in terms of destination's location, transportation, itineraries, accommodations, and to any point of interest of the tourist. Another significant feature of TARA CAR is a tourist management tool that records the number of tourists in a particular tourist destination to minimize the influx of tourists in the area. As to the extent of usability, the system is accepted with an overall rating of 6.04. The respondents agreed that the application has achieved effectively its objectives and the features provided in the system catered to the needs of the users. Features that provided satisfaction for respondents in the system includes convenience, handy and user-friendly. The application is a perfect tool for every tourist that enhances their experience and increases joy while exploring the world. It adds new value and opens new opportunities for both tourists and the tourism industry. Indeed, this application is the travelers' new ally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The observations using real media make it easier for students to understand invertebrate material. Examples of media that could be used on objects of living things classification were preservation. Preserved media provided conceptual and theoretical learning experiences because they were presented in detail and in real terms. This wet-preserved learning media can only be used in the face-to-face learning process; therefore, we needed a technology that could be used by students for the observation process during the online learning process in Covid-19 pandemic. The technology was learning media based on a mobile application Android equipped with augmented reality technology that was able to model cells in 3D that is closer to their original form, so the students can observe the details of the cell parts and interact significantly with 3D cell objects. The purpose of this study was to develop a wet-preserved learning media based on mobile application integrated augmented reality that is suitable for use on invertebrate sub-materials, whether used for face-to-face learning or online learning. The research model carried out was the research model from Lee & Owens with the stages: analysis, design, development, and evaluation. The results showed that the development product was very suitable to use, seen from the percentage of material expert validation tests that was 99% and the percentage of media expert validation tests was 96%. In addition, this product also categorized as very good to use, seen from the percentage of readability tests by science teachers and students respectively 86% and 89%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatial ability and self-regulated learning are important aspects in human life. Besides, Augmented Reality (AR) nowadays becomes technology which steals the world's attention to be developed in many fields, including in education. This study aims to explain "can Augmented reality improve spatial abilities and self-regulated learning?". The method used is a literature review. Data was obtained from scientific journals and books that have been published in a place that is reputable. The results showed that AR can improve spatial ability and possibly improve self-regulated learning of student. AR can improve spatial abilities based on a lot of scientific research and from the aspect of spatial abilities which basically can be improved by using AR. Meanwhile, AR is said to have the potential to improve SRL based on many researchers developing AR to be a mobile application and using it for mobile learning. Which many researchers state that mobile learning can improve SRL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poja dance is an artistic heritage that can be found in the state of Selangor that was brought by the Bugis to Malaya a long time ago. The recent development of Poja Dance has begun to receive attention from the public, especially from performances at official functions organized by the government as well as individuals. However, only the adult generation is active in this art. The acceptance of the younger generation and children is still very sad. Therefore, certain efforts should be made to preserve this art from continuing to disappear in the mists of time. This study aims to create awareness and understanding about Poja dance in society, especially for the younger generation. To highlight the arts of Poja dance among the new generation a mobile application was created which contains infographic video and Augmented Reality (AR) on Poja dance. ADDIE model was adapted in this research comprises of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation phases. At the end of this study, user testing is carried out to see if this project accomplished the objectives of this research. Based on the feedback it has shown that this application is effective in creating awareness and understanding about Poja dance to the society, especially to the younger generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to develop educational media products based on Augmented Reality (AR) on the material of Electrolysis Cells in Basic Chemistry II courses that are suitable for use. Research includes research and development (R&D). The development model is ADDIE. The stages carried out are analysis, design, development and evaluation. The data collected are qualitative and quantitative. Data collection method with questionnaires. Data analysis method is descriptive analysis. The results of this research are learning media consisting of the Electrolysis Cell book and a scanner application installed on a smartphone called Chem AR. The results of the feasibility test produce percentages in terms of material and media are 97.65% and 92.17%. Students consider that AR-based media is interesting to use because its use is like playing online games on smartphones. It may be concluded that the Augmented Reality included media with inside the Electrolysis Cell fabric is said very viable for use in learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) is one of the research methods used in obtaining experts' consensus on specific issues. FDM is a combination of the Delphi method and fuzzy theories. Although there are benefits of using FDM, but literature review on its application in the domain of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is still insufficient. Thus, this paper provided a review on FDM, including its application in the HCI domain. This paper begins with presenting a background on methods, discussing its benefits and weaknesses, comparing between the Delphi method and FDM, as well as steps in FDM. Several articles between 2015 and 2021 were reviewed. The study also examined FDM application in HCI in terms of field domain, number of experts, and data collection. This paper revealed FDM as one of the methods to obtain expert group consensus using a new construct of model or evaluation framework for user experience, augmented reality, usability, mobile applications, and online learning domain. The number of experts suggested for FDM implementation is ten. This paper mainly contributes in providing an overview on FDM in terms of conceptual, steps, and applications with a clear understanding for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the noteworthy growth of digital tools for museums and art spaces enhances and redefines the museum experience. The creation of digital applications that provide meaningful experiences in the art space is a real challenge. Transformative learning theories focus on educational processes that aim for the development of critical thinking while some of them involve the aesthetic experience as a medium that can be exploited. ARtales is an augmented reality mobile application for the National Gallery of Athens visitors which utilizes transformative learning methods through aesthetic experience in an attempt to offer a more substantial and innovating experience in the gallery. More specifically, users asked to discover hidden symbols, uncover hidden objects and live AR experiences related to different subjects/scenarios in the outdoor spaces of the gallery or in their personal place, in order to develop their critical thinking and revisit the artworks in a playful and substantial way. The application also uses a points-based reward system in the direction of gamification. This study refers to the first use and evaluation of the ARtales application by a number of postgraduate students in order to draw conclusions related to the development of the critical thinking and the transformation of the views and perceptions of the participants, the assimilation of the offered information as well as the acquaintance with the artworks. For this purpose, questionnaire-based evaluation and free conversation with the participants was carried out as well. According to the results derived, the first use showed positive acceptance and response. Last but not least, the study gives suggestions for future work and exploitation as well as future pilot implementation which is of major importance in order for the ARtales app to become feasible for a widespread use in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Real-time depth estimation is critical for the increasingly popular augmented reality and virtual reality applications on mobile devices. Yet existing solutions are insufficient as they require expensive depth sensors or motion of the device, or have a high latency. We propose MobiDepth, a real-time depth estimation system using the widely-available on-device dual cameras. While binocular depth estimation is a mature technique, it is challenging to realize the technique on commodity mobile devices due to the different focal lengths and unsynchronized frame flows of the on-device dual cameras and the heavy stereo-matching algorithm. To address the challenges, MobiDepth integrates three novel techniques: 1) iterative field-of-view cropping, which crops the field-of-views of the dual cameras to achieve the equivalent focal lengths for accurate epipolar rectification; 2) heterogeneous camera synchronization, which synchronizes the frame flows captured by the dual cameras to avoid the displacement of moving objects across the frames in the same pair; 3) mobile GPU-friendly stereo matching, which effectively reduces the latency of stereo matching on a mobile GPU.We implement MobiDepth on multiple commodity mobile devices and conduct comprehensive evaluations. Experimental results show that MobiDepth achieves real-time depth estimation of 22 frames per second with a significantly reduced depth-estimation error compared with the baselines. Using MobiDepth, we further build an example application of 3D pose estimation, which signifi- cantly outperforms the state-of-the-art 3D pose-estimation method, reducing the pose-estimation latency and error by up to 57.1% and 29.5%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world is currently experiencing a global level of pandemic with a disease called "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)." Because of this, numerous businesses were forced to close and terminate its employees' contract. The global pandemic severely affected the livelihood of individuals. The pandemic also calls for extreme measures of quarantine wherein individuals are not allowed to go out of their house for unnecessary reasons. Since individuals are not allowed to go out for non-necessity shopping, E-commerce came to the rescue. The researchers were able to gather necessary data from related literature and studies, and proposed a mobile application called "Home Buddies" to cater the needs of users when it comes to buying their furniture. Through the help of survey questionnaires, the researchers were able to gather data from its target audience with regards to how their application can improve and what they should consider in putting features that it could offer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low vision people face many daily encumbrances. Traditional visual enhancements do not suffice to navigate indoor environments, or recognize objects efficiently. In this paper, we explore how Augmented Reality (AR) can be leveraged to design mobile applications to improve visual experience and unburden low vision persons. Specifically, we propose a novel automated AR-based annotation tool for detecting and labeling salient objects for assisted indoor navigation applications like NearbyExplorer. NearbyExplorer, which issues audio descriptions of nearby objects to the users, relies on a database populated by large teams of volunteers and map-a-thons to manually annotate salient objects in the environment like desks, chairs, low overhead ceilings. This has limited widespread and rapid deployment. Our tool builds on advances in automated object detection, AR labeling and accurate indoor positioning to provide an automated way to upload object labels and user position to a database, requiring just one volunteer. Moreover, it enables low vision people to detect and notice surrounding objects quickly using smartphones in various indoor environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented reality is a fairly new technology and it has only recently started to be introduced on a large scale. We can find augmented reality applications in a variety of domains, such as entertainment, games, industry, science, tourism, culture, education. In the education system, the mobile phone, as a standalone tool that can be used at any stage of teaching, it is used on a very low scale. Moreover, students are often forced to turn off the phones or put them in a special place at the beginning of a class. Interactive teaching and presenting abstract notions is already achieved through the use of whiteboards or projectors linked to a computer. Similarly, the mobile phone can serve the same teaching purpose. Very quickly, the phone becomes the second nature of children. If we think about the latest augmented reality technology that will be fully experienced by the next generations, smart glasses will probably take control. Over the reality we will be able to see different types of information in real time, overlapped and accessible with voice commands. What we want to emphasize is not a discussion about whether we will have or not the opportunity of accepting these technologies. Instead, we want to raise the awareness that they will exist in a short timeframe and it is important to focus on understanding how they can help in the process of educating children. Regardless of the age or occupation, using a touch screen or classic screen has become as natural as speaking. Augmented reality adopted all the interactions which regular mobile applications have and users can interact with simple and complex touch interactions, natural gestures or speech recognition. This paper will focus on education, technology and augmented reality and tries to point out the advantages and disadvantages of using this technology in a class. Also, it will talk about researches and studies that focused on different applications and experiments using augmented reality and the mobile phone, in different fields of study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a proposal to contribute to the safeguarding of endangered langues, such as the Náhuat language. We have designed and implemented Android mobile applications and a Náhuat augmented reality textbook which has marker images. Through the respective augmented reality mobile application, students can view 2D animations with audio of the Náhuat dialogues in a cartoon format. Two Nahuat-Spanish dictionary android mobile applications have also been developed, both to support the Náhuat textbook. All those resources will be used in public and private institutions of primery education, in rural areas and in the capital city of El Salvador, where the Náhuat language is taught. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented Reality (RA) is gaining more popularity in several fields of application in the last decades. In this sense, this research aims to develop a systematic mapping review to reveal how this technology has been applied in the sports scenario. To achieve this goal, the researchers developed a systematic mapping protocol that returned 250 primary studies after applying the search String on the indexers Scopus and Web of Sciences. The Data Collect phase followed applying the exclusion criteria, reaching a consolidated inclusion of 171 studies to be analyzed and synthesized to answer the research questions. This review condensed the state-of-the-art of AR and sports areas, such as the areas and applications researched, tools/frameworks, input and output interaction styles most used, research gaps, and most common types of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores and reflects on the development and testing of a mobile application designed to support lesson planning in digital production and digital literacy. The test results were a reality check for the developer team and provided key points for further development. The paper will describe the test process, divided into plan, results and actions for further development of the mobile application. The application is for use by educators in secondary schools. The application introduces basic methods for teaching digital literacy and production and provides examples of concrete learning designs. It is a huge challenge to teach digital literacy and production in secondary schools. It can be demanding to meet learning goals, plan meaningful activities and at the same time apply emerging digital tools. The application was inspired by game-based learning ideas: for example, we visualized didactical concepts using Augmented Reality (AR). The emerging AR technology combined the physical surroundings and virtual elements. Didactical concepts can be quite abstract for a new educator and the visualizations make them more familiar. The application was developed as part of a funded project exploring AR in teaching and learning in upper secondary schools in the Southern Region of Denmark. The application titled in Danish ROBOdidaktik (robo-didactics) can be downloaded from Appstore and Play store. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Product testing is vital when buying a cosmetic product to ensure it fits or looks good on someone's skin tone. In 2020, the world was hit by the Covid-19, a deadly and contagious virus because it spreads when a person inhales an aerosol or droplets containing the virus. Usually, cosmetic products are being tested by buyers through mall testers. Mall testers have disease-causing bacteria that can lead to a skin infection. This study aims to assess a mobile application design that uses augmented reality and artificial intelligence to be a virtual consultant and skin analyzer. This study uses a survey questionnaire based on six thinking hats to gather data and SWOT analysis to analyze the data. Based on the collected data, the researchers conclude that a virtual try-on is effective in trying a cosmetic product and will be patronized by makeup enthusiasts and artists. For women in their late adolescence or early adulthood, The Perfect Shade has a lot of appeals. According to the findings, the group should market the product by micromarketing to beauty gurus online. Investing in a robust AI algorithm will increase the product's security against security concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemotherapy preparations are often complex and subject to a strict regulatory context. The existing control methods are often limited to Double Visual Control (DVC). In this paper, the preparation circuit of chemotherapy drugs is evaluated through data collection and statistical analysis in order to highlight the difficulties encountered. The results regarding preparation and control times and the number of task interruptions highlight the unreliability of the DVC and its impact on processing time. As a solution, we propose a decision support system "Smart Prep" based on Augmented Reality (AR), co-developed, and commercialized by the Faculty of Pharmacy of Lille, Ecole Centrale de Lille and the company Computer Engineering. This system allows the preparation of chemotherapy drugs according to a step-by-step mode, a traceability of the preparation steps and a reduction of tasks' interruptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The second decade of the 21st Century has seen the rise of consumer technology capable of producing auditory signals at a level of precision only available to laboratory scientists and engineers just a few years earlier. This has allowed researchers to "flip the lab" and begin creating testing systems that can be taken to the participants rather than bringing the participants to the systems. Freely available tablet and smart-phone applications, as well as programmable virtual and augmented reality systems, are all poised to change that way that research is conducted. Research validating the existing approaches is ongoing and a task force has been established to track what is available and help guide potential users through potential pitfalls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Locating and grasping objects is a critical task in people's daily lives. For people with visual impairments, this task can be a daily struggle. The support of augmented reality frameworks in smartphones has the potential to overcome the limitations of current object detection applications designed for people with visual impairments. We present AIGuide, a self-contained offline smartphone application that leverages augmented reality technology to help users locate and pick up objects around them. We conducted a user study to validate its effectiveness at providing guidance, compare it to other assistive technology form factors, evaluate the use of multimodal feedback, and provide feedback about the overall experience. Our results show that AIGuide is a promising technology to help people with visual impairments locate and acquire objects in their daily routine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented Reality (AR) technology creates new immersive experiences in entertainment, games, education, retail, and social media. AR content is often primarily visual and it is challenging to enable access to it non-visually due to the mix of virtual and real-world content. In this paper, we identify common constituent tasks in AR by analyzing existing mobile AR applications for iOS, and characterize the design space of tasks that require accessible alternatives. For each of the major task categories, we create prototype accessible alternatives that we evaluate in a study with 10 blind participants to explore their perceptions of accessible AR. Our study demonstrates that these prototypes make AR possible to use for blind users and reveals a number of insights to move forward. We believe our work sets forth not only exemplars for developers to create accessible AR applications, but also a roadmap for future research to make AR comprehensively accessible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is focused on a new way of learning, based on the concept of immersive education, close related to augmented and virtual reality technologies. These technologies allow young people to experiment, learn and understand many subjects, even in the absence of the supporting physical infrastructure. The concept of immersive education can be implemented using a smart building educational infrastructure. This approach is explained in the paper, using as support the augmented reality and indoor positioning methods. These two main technologies enable teachers and students to experiment a non-traditional way of learning, by using an application which displays interactive content depending on the location of the user: if the student is in the biology lab room, different content regarding biology will be displayed; if the student changes the lab room with the chemistry one, the augmented reality will be full of chemistry experiments, substances and formulas. The goal st h make students learn school subjects with pleasure, to make them understand easily concepts that sometimes cannot be experimented in reality. The mobile application localizes the user in the indoor environment and further augments the reality with different objects, related to the user's position. When computing the position, the orientation is also a key in this solution, because the user should be able to see the object from any orientation. The paper gives some details about the proposed indoor positioning method, justifying the approach, as well as different aspects related to the importance of immersion in this kind of education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guard@Lis application was developed to ease the birdwatching activity. The main purpose was to support the discovery and identification of bird species along a trail, encouraging the preservation and protection of nature. To create a new bird observation perspective since augmented reality features were developed to enhance the experience of birdwatching, ensuring the chance to watch even the most elusive birds. Adding animated 3D models of some birds allows the observation of these species that, for several reasons, may not be easy to encounter in their natural habitat when the user is making the trail. The solution is composed of a multiplatform app and a back-office. It is prepared to create routes with hotspots and improve the bird species list. This first version was designed with a route in the city of Leiria, having specific points along the way, defined for the observation of certain species. Guard@Lis application intends to encourage the didactic and educational facets, so the whole development process of this application was to create a guide that allows users to be able to identify and list the number of bird species found. At this stage, the app allows its users to trail the main historical and tourist points of Leiria and collect the bird species observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper studies current trends and tools used in marketing communication in the sports environment. Trends primarily mean the content of communication and the effect of communication events on how the marketing communication, as well as the overall brand, of specific sports companies is perceived. The paper also presents current forms and tools which can be helpful in presenting and publishing these offline communication events and disseminating them to the right target groups. These marketing communication trends in today's sports environment include direct fan engagement and interaction; extreme or unconventional sports events; storytelling; presenting backstage and behind-the-scenes information and materials; and lastly interconnecting different sports. Current communication channels and dissemination tools include most importantly a variety of video formats; mobile apps; advergaming; virtual reality; augmented reality; as well as older, but still popular photographs and images. However, offline events and situations are still the most common source of content for the online sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we present the first version of the PlanetarySystemGO project, an evolution of SolarSystemGO, a Mobile Augmented Reality game previously created with the Unity3D/Vuforia game engine. While both projects aim at providing awareness of several Astronomy concepts, for PlanetarySystemGO a web based back-end system was implemented, developed under the .NET technology, that allows the instructor to manage several aspects of the game. Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology that elevates the possibilities of current Mobile Applications by superposing digital content to real world objects. The mobile devices that run these applications are increasingly powerful regarding their computational resources, allowing widespread adoption of the AR paradigms. The system presented can be enjoyed by players of all ages, but our main target are school children and young adults, as an application tool or even for learning purposes. A set of field tests was conducted, validating the presented design, and allowing continuous improvement of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of this work is aimed at the creation of a birdwatching application, with the purpose of helping to find and identify bird species and encourage the preservation of the habitat and of these species. In order to create a different system of bird observation, augmented reality techniques are used, allowing to present 3D representations referring to the models of some of these birds. The application will work by creating routes along the city of Leiria, having specific points along the route, defined for the observation of certain species. The whole development process of this application was thought as a didactic guide that allows users to be able to identify many different bird species, while allowing the user to show some of the main historical and tourist hotspots of Leiria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented reality (AR) gained much public attention since the success of Pokémon Go in 2016. Technology companies like Apple or Google are focusing primarily on mobile AR (MAR) applications running on smartphones or tablets since this type of AR is widely available for the end consumer. Associated privacy issues have to be investigated early as long as AR is still shapeable in order to improve users' privacy and foster market adoption. Thus, we designed a vignette-based online experiment to investigate influencing factors of privacy concerns related to a hypothetical MAR app. Furthermore, we investigate whether individuals associate higher privacy concerns with AR compared to non-AR by manipulating the description of the app. Thereby, we want to better understand the attitude formation process related to AR and the relation to privacy concerns. We conduct a pretest with 91 German smartphone users to evaluate the used constructs and our proposed research model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented Reality (AR) is an immersive technology that is increasingly becoming popular in e-commerce. This technology is transforming the traditional way of product presentations in online stores. However, online retailers are keen to know if an ARbased product presentation is impacting consumers differently from traditional product presentations. In this study, we investigate the influence of immersive user interfaces on consumers' perceptions. We conduct an experiment in a university setting with subjects who test a mobile app enabled with AR, interactive three-dimensional (3D) and traditional representation for products of different complexities. We find that an immersive interface reduces the perceived risk and enhances satisfaction of the consumer, but increases the cognitive load. The first two effects are found to be higher for a more complex product. This study provides guidance to retailers who are planning to adopt immersive technologies for online product presentations about their possible impact on target consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Not only since the launch of Pokémon Go in July 2016, augmented reality (AR) has received a big boost in awareness and popularity. AR-based start-ups have entered the market, and established companies start to offer AR functionalities in their smartphone applications. A new distribution channel in form of augmented commerce has been emerging, although only little is known about optimized design of AR environments due to the limited number of user studies researching the effects of AR usage. This paper's research objective is to tackle this gap by analysing AR technology in combination with online recommendations, a well-established, ubiquitous design element in today's e-commerce. We conducted a controlled online experiment with 208 subjects to examine the effects of customer recommendations (CR) and increasingly emerging seller recommendations (SR) in AR applications. Our results demonstrate that CRs in AR applications positively influence the intention to purchase and the selection of products by decreasing a customer's product fit uncertainty, whereas SRs displayed no significant influence. These insights are the first steps to further understand how AR and online recommendations can be used and have to be implemented to provide customers with novel and accepted sources of value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented Reality (AR) is an increasingly prevalent subject with various areas of application. This work explores the results of a survey especially developed to document the ease of acceptance of possible characteristics to implement in mobile outdoor applications enhanced with AR. This survey has been devised for a better assessment of user preferences regarding the use of AR in outdoor scenarios. Preference level has been evaluated based on indicators from models concerning various existing and important models. The paper presents the survey results about the preference level in relation the targeted questions and proposes a conceptual framework for feedback on AR technology acceptance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Usually LEGO structures are created by following an instruction manual in paper or digital form that depicts the LEGO model at different stages of assembly. Some instructions can be very complex and difficult to represent using plain illustrations. Consequently, this makes it difficult to follow and assemble a LEGO structure. Augmented reality (AR) is a technology that adds perceptual information into the physical world and it has recently been gaining popularity. This study explores the use of AR for assembly through ARGO, a mobile application for Android smartphones that serves as an assembly guide for LEGO structures. It can enhance instructions and provide more details that assist users during the construction process. The system can recognize the current step of the LEGO assembly using data captured via Microsoft Kinect while providing visual feedback through the mobile application. To identify the current step, the system obtains the color and depth data from the Kinect camera and converts the data into a point cloud. The point cloud undergoes segmentation to isolate the physical LEGO model and compares it to the point clouds of a preloaded model to check if the brick is placed correctly. The system was evaluated using 3 models and can recognize when to advance to the next step during assembly and estimate the orientation of the step differing an average angle of 48.27 degrees. For each step, it takes an average of a few seconds to decide on the recognition, leading to a short delay for the feedback to appear on the phone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile apps embedded with Augmented Reality (AR) have recently spread among the general public thanks to technological advances, e.g., smartphone with faster processing speed, and the reduction of costs. AR technology has been exploited to enhance the experience of tourists and numerous apps have been experimented. However, it is not free from shortcomings. In the present study we assessed and compared the usability and user experience of two types of devices, namely a head-mounted display (HMD) and a smartphone, enabling environmental exploration with an AR app. We found that participants were equally accurate and fast at accomplishing the three tasks required, i.e., reading a text, reaching a landmark and finding the nearest places. Prior to the test, users had high expectations toward both devices and they were concerned of appearing weird to bystanders while using the HMD. Overall, the differences between the devices leveled out after the actual usage. Furthermore, users surprisingly assigned lower scores of the ease of use to the smartphone at post-test. Together, our findings suggest that the urban exploration is effectively supported by both technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An application for real-time visualization of augmented and virtual reality is considered, which enables the consideration of traffic accidents on a mobile platform with the Android operating system. The application developed by authors on the basis of Unity 3D is able to visualize various types of road accidents and link them to a terrain, different conditions of urban environment, and map of the accident statistics. The system has a bank of video for the accident 3D-scenes. This application may be used for training and examine road rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented Reality (AR), in which interactive virtual objects are seamlessly superimposed into real -world environments, is a growing area in mobile applications. With advancement in mobile devices capable of producing increasingly more persuasive compositions, the potential of Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR) has begun to be explored. To ensure the acceptance and success of future MAR systems and fill the gap in MAR research, it is vital to identify current UX guidelines that apply to MAR applications. This paper identifies existing UX design trends in MAR and surveys current MAR applications to discuss the potential areas of improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, designers are more concern with the issue of engagement and informal learning at museum and gallery sites. This has made studies to focus more on the use of Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR) at museum and gallery sites. However, most of the MAR applications for museum visitors are largely tailored to normal hearing visitors while the hearing-impaired (HI) visitors are not supported. The hearing impaired (HI) community account for over 5% of the world's populace which is about 360 million people. Thus, this paper explores the design elements of mobile augmented reality for engaging hearing impaired visitors at the museum site. The findings of this paper argues that there are eleven major elements of engagement of MAR needed for the design of an efficient museum MAR app for hearing impaired visitors. These eleven elements include Aesthetics, Curiosity, Usability, Interaction, Motivation, Satisfaction, Self-Efficacy, Perceived Control, Enjoyment, Focused Attention and Interest. This study pointed out that for an efficient and engaged MAR app for the HI community especially HI visitors to museum sites, these eleven elements are critical. This finding will help MAR designers and developers on how to design an efficient and engaged MAR app for the HI community at large and museum HI visitors specifically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent data shows that one in every five people in the world owns a Smartphone and spends most of their time on the phone using apps. Visitors prefer this type of portable, convenient, practical and simple technology when travelling, especially geo location-enabled applications such as the GPS. The aim of this paper is to develop design guidelines for Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR) for tourism. From the analysis of existing design guidelines of Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR) for tourism, an application design guidelines are proposed based on Human-computer interaction principle and usability design that would fulfils the user's requirement in a better way. Six design principles were examined in this analysis. The analysis identified eleven suggestions for design principles. These recommendations are offered towards designing principles and developing prototype app for tourist in Malaysia. This paper identifies design principles to reduce cognitive overhead of tourist, learn ability and suitable context for providing content whiles their travel in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented reality (AR) technology has undergone enormous advancement and now AR applications can be seamlessly executed using modern-day smartphones. This study aims to develop a mobile AR application which consists of 3D AR models of historical monuments located within the UNESCO World Heritage Site in Melaka. The application allows tourists to obtain information of the monuments from the AR models, which provide an alternative way of visiting the actual monuments to prevent overcrowding effect and promote heritage preservation. Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEU), Facilitating Conditions (FC), and Perceived Playfulness (PP) are proposed as the determinants of user's Behavioural Intention to Use (BI) the application. Using 50 tourists in Melaka as respondents, a pilot study has been conducted to determine user's acceptance of the AR mobile application based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Cronbach's Alpha test validated the internal consistency of the measures. Multiple Linear Regression analysis suggested that the proposed determinants explained 51.2% in user's BI the application. PU was the strongest determinant followed by FC while PEU and PP were found to be insignificant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on introduction to augmented reality (AR) beyond a summary of contemporary devices/apps and analyzing and classifying different areas within AR. It mentions utilizing AR as a stimulus for displaying visual media and researchers showed people augmented crime information and using AR as a probe to explore larger social questions. It also mentions theoretical ways of thinking about AR as a mobile, visual display technology and convergence of mobile smartphone technologies.

Zoos provide an oasis of nature, entertainment and education in our busy world, however zoos are often poor marketers. Zoo marketing has progressed through stages to the use of digital marketing, however this has been mostly limited to a formal display of information on the zoo website and some visitors' personal input such as social media photos or videos of their time at the zoo. However, this decade has marked the progression to a fourth stage, where zoo marketing can now integrate digital enhancement and augmented reality experience for their visitors. This year, the Pokémon Go app conquered smartphones around the world. Many zoo marketers seized this opportunity and used this external app to draw attention to their locations, however few use other digital enhancement. This paper uses case study analysis to compare the use of digital enhancement and augmented reality by zoos in Australia, Germany and Taiwan. Except for two notable exceptions, the analysis identified a huge gap between the Pokémon Go benchmark and the zoos' current mobile applications. Only a minority of the zoos in the selected countries have moved into this next digital stage. The majority of zoos are missing a major opportunity to improve their marketing communication and customer experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explore a location-based game concept that encourages real-world interactions and gamifies daily commuting activities. Enhanced with augmented reality technology, we create an immersive, pervasive trading game called Gnome Trader, where the player engages with the game by physically traveling to predefined locations in the city and trading resources with virtual gnomes. As the virtual market is a crucial component of the game, we take special care to analyze various economic game mechanics. We explore the parameter space of different economic models using a simulation of the virtual economy. We evaluate the overall gameplay as well as the technical functionality through several play tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Saint Petersburg State University - the oldest educational institution in Russia. Currently, the university develops large-scale research programs aimed at preservation and promotion of cultural heritage. The aim of the project "Multimedia Guide" Saint-Petersburg State University" is the development of an interactive mobile application for smartphones with augmented reality technology. Pledged to solve the application, the composition and interaction of the components included in it, so far has few analogues in the world. A substantial part of the project was the space of the University, its history, departments, buildings, people, memorial sites; in other words, - University in space and time. The proposed project focuses on a substantial part of the University of historic significance on a global scale. Content is created with extensive use of multimedia technology, navigation is based on the three-dimensional map. The developed product, in our opinion, is of great educational value. To date, the project team has developed several applications dedicated to the major museums of the Northwest Rossii "Museum of Vladimir Nabokov", "Petersburg, Anatoly Sobchak," "Oranienbaum through centuries", "Museum - Reserve Peterhof" and so on. Previously created resources received considerable attention in the professional environment, both from museum professionals and experts in ITtechnologies, had high scores of the press and users. But, first and foremost, Saint Petersburg State University and the center should be the object of all our innovative scientific research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With bigger data, an internet of things, cloud computing, smart phone apps and wearable technology - our reality has not only changed but will continue to change at an increasing pace. Will this augmentation make a better reality or merely be a distraction and diminish what is really here? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile devices, such as smartphones or tablets, have becoming increasingly performant and affordable, and presently are available to most children and teenagers, leading to the development of a multitude of apps for these devices. In this paper we present the preliminary implementation of project SolarSystemGO, a Mobile Augmented Reality game created with the Unity3D game engine, coupled with Vuforia for the Augmented component, that runs on Android, with Astronomy (and the Solar System in particular) in mind, aimed at providing awareness of the vastness and proportionality of the Solar System objects, such as the Sun and the planets. The hardware requirements of SolarSystemGO, namely the existence of gyroscope in the mobile device, required the modification of the interaction with the Vuforia layer, in order to provide a more realistic and performant gaming experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The overall purpose of this project is to test the impact and potential benefits of Virtual and Augmented Reality technologies (AR&VR) to improve maintenance operation in industrial equipment. The main function for a Flapper valve of a Fuller-Kinyon type M pump is to prevent that the air generated to convey the bulk material through a conveying pipe flows inside of the material chute through the rotating screw. If this will occur, the material flow will decrease or even stop, causing a reduction of the pump capacity. Thus, it is necessary to maintain calibrated each flapper valve in the plant. This process of maintenance is done ten times per month, or when necessary, and it needs the pump to be shut down, taking up to two hours to finish the complete process. For this reason, an augmented reality application is being developed, aiming to reduce the consumed time by the maintenance process. Using this application, it is expected to dedicate less time training the new personnel responsible for the maintaining process, displaying tridimensional models, animations, images and text information that would simplify the instructions shown in a printed manual and adding an interactive environment between the users and the information displayed. A mobile device either a tablet or a smartphone is to be used as the hardware that will run the application, allowing the user to take it right to the working area, either in a workshop or directly in field. The information displayed includes CAD models of the pump and its components as well as animations illustrating the instructions to follow in each step of the process. Also, the right tool to use in each step will be indicated following by security warnings when needed. This project was developed from knowledge and experiences gathered among the different previous AR projects developed at ITESM. This information has been studied and "best practices" has been noted, learned and established to develop and implement AR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By superimposing digital learning content on top of the video stream of the mobile device's camera, Augmented Reality (AR) enables learners to interact with real-world context in mobile learning setting. Technically, the AR technology can be considered as consisting of two major aspects: identification of the real-world object and display of computer-generated digital contents related the identified real-world object. In this paper, we will present a location-based object identification algorithm that has been used to identify the location-based learning objects in the 5R adaptive mobile learning system. We will also discuss some issues in using the algorithm. As an example of using this algorithm, an AR mobile application on iPhone will be shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the location-based object identification algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]