8,941 results
Search Results
2. Using National Survey of Postsecondary Faculty Data To Form Disciplinary Specific Comparative Productivity Figures for Public Institutions with Significant Graduate and Research Programs. AIR 2000 Annual Forum Paper.
- Author
-
Chatman, Steve
- Abstract
This study used the restricted access database of the 1993 National Study of Postsecondary Faculty to examine faculty workload by academic discipline for full-time regularly appointed teaching and research faculty in public Carnegie research I and II and Doctoral I and II institutions (n=2,056). Data are reported for 14 disciplinary areas (agriculture, business, education, engineering, fine arts, health, English, comminations, history, biology, physical science, mathematics, economics, psychology, and sociology) and include teaching load by student level, research funding by source, and scholarly productivity. Chi-square analysis considered whether faculty at different Carnegie class institutions were more or less likely to engage in an activity, and whether there was a difference in magnitude if engaged. In Chi-square analyses significant at the 0.05 level, teaching was associated with Carnegie class in 19 of 120 analyses, obtaining external funding was associated in 3 analyses, and outcomes of publishing was significant in only 1 case. Differences by magnitude were found in 5 instances. There are nine data tables and nine figures. (Contains 12 references.) (CH)
- Published
- 2000
3. Studying Faculty Flows Using an Interactive Spreadsheet Model. AIR 1997 Annual Forum Paper.
- Author
-
Kelly, Wayne
- Abstract
This paper describes a spreadsheet-based faculty flow model developed and implemented at the University of Calgary (Canada) to analyze faculty retirement, turnover, and salary issues. The study examined whether, given expected faculty turnover, the current salary increment system was sustainable in a stable or declining funding environment, and whether further early retirement incentives would be necessary. The model, called the Academic Staff Resource Projection Model, is based on the Markov chain approach to project faculty movement out four years. It was developed using Microsoft's Excel spreadsheet software. Nine alternative policies and assumptions were tested concerning: (1) retirements for ages 55 to 70; (2) resignation rates by years of service; (3) age distribution of newly hired staff; (4) annual attrition of one rank replaced by another rank; (5) overall attrition replacement ratio; (6) adjustments to allow for addition or elimination of academic programs; (7) starting salaries; (8) salary schedule information; and (9) rate of promotion to next rank. Six figures and flow charts illustrate the model and show the spreadsheet file structure and flows. Three appendixes include a policy variables worksheet, a salary schedule, and an age distribution schedule. (Contains 16 references.) (CH)
- Published
- 1997
4. Faculty Salary Equity: Issues in Regression Model Selection. AIR 1992 Annual Forum Paper.
- Author
-
Moore, Nelle
- Abstract
This paper discusses the determination of college faculty salary inequity and identifies the areas in which human judgment must be used in order to conduct a statistical analysis of salary equity. In addition, it provides some informed guidelines for making those judgments. The paper provides a framework for selecting salary equity models, based on four decision elements and the contributions of four fields of study (law, economics, statistics, and institutional research) as the basis for establishing criteria for selecting an appropriate salary equity model. The four decision elements include defining the group to be analyzed, determining the variables to be included, deciding what statistical model should be used, and determining which outcome statistics should be used for interpretation. Contributions from the field of law focus on pay equity, disparate treatment, and comparable worth. The contribution of the field of economics comes from human capital theory. The contribution of statistics is the use of multiple regression analysis in salary equity research and the issues of multicollinearity and statistical significance. The field of institutional research has contributed various studies on methods of indentifying underpaid employees. (Contains 75 references.) (GLR)
- Published
- 1992
5. The Impact of BIB-Spiralling Induced Missing Data Patterns on Goodness-of-Fit Tests in Factor Analysis. Occasional Paper OP93-1.
- Author
-
National Center on Adult Literacy, Philadelphia, PA. and Kaplan, David
- Abstract
The impact of the use of data arising from balanced incomplete block (BIB) spiralled designs on the chi-square goodness-of-fit test in factor analysis is considered. Data from BIB designs posses a unique pattern of missing data that can be characterized as missing completely at random (MCAR). Standard approaches to factor analyzing such data rest on forming pairwise available case (PAC) correlation matrices. Developments in statistical theory for missing data show that PAC correlation matrices may not satisfy Wishart distribution assumptions underlying factor analysis, this impacting tests of model fit. A new approach for handling missing data in structural equation modeling advocated by B. Muthen, D. Kaplan, and M. Hollis (1987) is proposed as a possible solution to these problems. The new approach is compared to the standard PAC approach in a Monte Carlo simulation framework. Simulation results show that tests of goodness-of-fit are very sensitive to PAC approaches even when data are MCAR, as is the case for BIB designs. The new approach outperforms the PAC approach for continuous variables and is comparatively much better for dichotomous variables. One table and one figure illustrate the discussion. (SLD)
- Published
- 1993
6. Mapping Teacher Moves When Facilitating Mathematical Modelling
- Author
-
Mathematics Education Research Group of Australasia (MERGA), Brown, Jill P., and Stillman, Gloria A.
- Abstract
This paper explores use of a set of diagrammatic tools for representation and analysis of the moves a teacher makes implementing a mathematical modelling task. The focus here is on identifying what the teacher did so we can subsequently interrogate this, as to the why. Data include pre and post lesson teacher interviews and transcripts of a video and audio-recorded task implementation. The analytical tools developed, with one teacher and one task early in a three-year project were particularly useful in ascertaining what the teacher moves were as we subsequently sought to determine reasons for these.
- Published
- 2023
7. Mining Artificially Generated Data to Estimate Competency
- Author
-
Robson, Robby, Ray, Fritz, Hernandez, Mike, Blake-Plock, Shelly, Casey, Cliff, Hoyt, Will, Owens, Kevin, Hoffman, Michael, and Goldberg, Benjamin
- Abstract
The context for this paper is the "Synthetic Training Environment Experiential Learning -- Readiness" (STEEL-R) project [1], which aims to estimate individual and team competence using data collected from synthetic, semi-synthetic, and live scenario-based training exercises. In STEEL-R, the "Generalized Intelligent Framework for Tutoring" (GIFT) orchestrates scenario sessions and reports data as experience API (xAPI)statements. These statements are translated into assertions about individual and team competencies by the "Competency and Skills System" (CaSS). Mathematical models use these assertions to estimate the competency states of trainees. This information is displayed in a dashboard that enables users to explore progression over time and informs decisions concerning advancement to the next training phase and which skills to address. To test, tune, and demo STEEL-R, more data was needed than was available from real-world training exercises. Since the raw data used to estimate competencies are captured in xAPI statements, a component called DATASIM was added. DATASIM simulated training sessions by generating xAPI statements that conformed to a STEEL-R "xAPI Profile." This facilitated testing of STEEL-R and was used to create a demo that highlighted the ability to map data from multiple training systems to a single competency framework and to generate a display that team leaders can use to personalize and optimize training across multiple training modalities. This paper gives an overview of STEEL-R, its architecture, and the features that enabled the use of artificial data. The paper explains how xAPI statements are converted to assertions and how these are used to estimate trainee competency. This is followed by a section on xAPI Profiles and on the xAPI Profile used in STEEL-R. The paper then discusses how artificial data were generated and the challenges of modeling longitudinal development and team in these data. The paper ends with a section on future research. [For the full proceedings, see ED623995.]
- Published
- 2022
8. Remedial Mathematics: Diagnostic and Prescriptive Approaches. Papers from the First National Conference on Remedial Mathematics.
- Author
-
ERIC Clearinghouse for Science, Mathematics, and Environmental Education, Columbus, OH., Higgins, Jon L., and Heddens, James W.
- Abstract
The papers in this publication were developed from speeches and reactions presented at the first National Conference on Remedial Mathematics held at Kent State University in 1974. Papers focus on identifying and describing the remedial mathematics student, classroom diagnosis, clinical diagnosis, the diagnostic process, and promising procedures and directions in remediation. In addition to reactions to each paper, a conference summary is included. (MS)
- Published
- 1976
9. Classroom Observation Data: Is It Valid? Is It Generalizable? A Compendium of Methodological Papers.
- Author
-
Texas Univ., Austin. Research and Development Center for Teacher Education. and Borich, Gary
- Abstract
The issues discussed in these four papers concern the validity and generalizability of classroom observation instruments. These issues have been studied and are reported here in an attempt to better define the limits to which classroom observation instruments can be used in researching relationships between teacher behavior and student outcome. The premise undergirding these investigations is that before consistent and positive process-product relationships can be found, investigators must be cognizant of the sources of variance which affect the validity and generalizability of their process measures and which, in turn, affect the credibility of their research findings. The four papers are: "Convergent and Discriminant Validity of Five Classroom Observation Systems: Testing the Model" by G. Borich, D. Malitz, C.L. Kugle, and M. Pascone; "Generalizability of Teacher Behaviors Across Classroom Observation Systems" by D. Calkins, G. Borich, M. Pascone, and C.L. Kugle; "Measuring Classroom Interactions: How Many Occasions Are Required to Measure Them Reliably?" and "Generalizability of Teacher Process Behaviors During Reading Instruction" both by O. Erlich and G. Borich. (RC)
- Published
- 1977
10. Real-Time AI-Driven Assessment & Scaffolding That Improves Students' Mathematical Modeling during Science Inquiry
- Author
-
Adair, Amy, Segan, Ellie, Gobert, Janice, and Sao Pedro, Michael
- Abstract
Developing models and using mathematics are two key practices in internationally recognized science education standards, such as the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). However, students often struggle with these two intersecting practices, particularly when developing mathematical models about scientific phenomena. Formative performance-based assessments designed to elicit fine-grained data about students' competencies on these practices can be leveraged to develop embedded AI scaffolds to support students' learning. In this paper, we present the design and initial classroom test of virtual labs that automatically assess fine-grained sub-components of students' mathematical modeling competencies based on their actions within the learning environment. We describe how we leveraged underlying machine-learned and knowledge-engineered algorithms to trigger scaffolds, delivered proactively by a pedagogical agent, that address students' individual difficulties as they work. Results show that the students who received automated scaffolds for a given practice on their first virtual lab improved on that practice for the next virtual lab on the same science topic in a different scenario (a near-transfer task). These findings suggest that real-time automated scaffolds based on fine-grained assessment can foster students' mathematical modeling competencies related to the NGSS.
- Published
- 2023
11. Assessing Students' Competencies with Mathematical Models in Virtual Science Inquiry Investigations
- Author
-
Adair, Amy, Sao Pedro, Michael, Gobert, Janice, and Owens, Jessica A.
- Abstract
Developing models and using mathematics are two key practices in internationally recognized science education standards such as the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS, 2013). In this paper, we used a virtual performance-based formative assessment to capture students' competencies at both "developing" and "evaluating" mathematical models in science inquiry contexts aligned with the NGSS (2013). Results show that model development and evaluation competencies are correlated, but students who demonstrate proficiency with model development often struggle with evaluation. Nuanced data illustrate how components of modeling competencies differ and how they may be related.
- Published
- 2023
12. Fiscal Response of School Districts to District Fiscal Capacity and State Aid. Working Papers in Education Finance, Paper No. 15.
- Author
-
Education Commission of the States, Denver, CO. Education Finance Center., Adams, E. Kathleen, and Vincent, Phillip E.
- Abstract
Data on 174 Colorado school districts were used to measure districts' responses (as indicated by per-pupil expenditures) to their own fiscal capacity and to state aid that changes over time. Colorado's modified guaranteed tax base (GTB) formula was analyzed and a model constructed that took into account the formula's limits on district spending and its year-to-year changes in a district's state aid based on the district's tax revenues in the preceding year. Such changes comprise an "intertemporal price variable." Data were collected on such variables as district wealth (total and residential assessed value), income, state and federal aid, enrollment size and growth, percentage of minority pupils, and agricultural land prices. Using linear and log-linear correlation equations, researchers analyzed the variables' effects on districts' total and locally-derived expenditures and on the elasticity of these expenditures in relation to changes in other variables' values. Results indicate that Colorado's GTB formula has had significant effects neither on differences across districts in expenditures per student nor on the strong correlation between assessed valuation and expenditures. The results also carry implications for the construction of models of districts' fiscal responses. (RW)
- Published
- 1978
13. Theoretical Labor Supply Models and Real World Complications. Institute for Research on Poverty. Discussion Papers.
- Author
-
Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Inst. for Research on Poverty. and Dickinson, Jonathan
- Abstract
This paper discusses discrepancies between the observable labor market and the idealized world which is assumed in theory. The proposed solutions are focused on the development of an empirical model applicable to data on prime-age males from the Michigan Panel Study of Income Dynamics, but the author notes that many of these issues are relevant for the construction of models for other groups. The discussion covers five basic areas: (1) The potential limitations of the simple labor supply model, based only on income-leisure tradeoffs, are discussed. (2) Sources of randomness in observed labor supply behavior and its consequences for the stimulation of systematic labor supply responses are considered, and the intertemporal variation are discussed. (3) The model is extended to accommodate earnings opportunities other than a simple constant wage rate, with increasing marginal income tax rates and overtime premiums being the major factors considered. (4) Demand-related factors that prevent workers from achieving marginal equilibrium at their marginal wage rates are explored, and criteria are suggested for the selection of a sample of workers who are less seriously affected by these problems. (5) The treatment of time lost due to unemployment and illness is discussed in the context of a model developed by Samuel Rea, which is also applied to time spent commuting to work. (Author/HD)
- Published
- 1975
14. STRATOP: A Model for Designing Effective Product and Communication Strategies. Paper No. 470.
- Author
-
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN. Herman C. Krannert Graduate School of Industrial Administration. and Pessemier, Edgar A.
- Abstract
The STRATOP algorithm was developed to help planners and proponents find and test effectively designed choice objects and communication strategies. Choice objects can range from complex social, scientific, military, or educational alternatives to simple economic alternatives between assortments of branded convenience goods. Two classes of measured input data are used, one cognitive and the other affective. In addition, data on brand choice are needed to fit the parameters of the choice model. The STRATOP technique and the assorted preliminary analytical methods used modest amounts of standard data and yield very extensive findings, explicitly tailored to the needs of strategists and designers. Further experience is being accomulated with the expectation that the methods will find application in a number of areas involving significant social and economic choices among competing alternatives. (Author/JG)
- Published
- 1974
15. Some Thoughts on the Cost Effectiveness of Graduate Education Subsidies. ISP Discussion Papers No. 245-74.
- Author
-
Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Inst. for Research on Poverty. and Bishop, John H.
- Abstract
A mathematical model of the Ph.D. scientist labor market demonstrates that subsidies of graduate training can be more cost effective than higher wages if the supply of doctorates is substantially more responsive to $1000 of early subsidy than to higher future wages with a present discounted value of $1000. Whether this is true is an unsettled empirical matter. There are three reasons for targeting subsidies at Ph.D. scientists: (1) As a condition of taking a job they demand freedom to do basic research and publish their results. (2) Because of their special knowledge and loyalty to professional values, hiring scientists and engineers contains an extra risk that trade secrets will be stolen or that one of them will be a "whistle blower." (3) From the firm's point of view these factors reduce the scientist's productivity. They do not from society's point of view, so an externality is created by the employment of scientists. (Author/LBH)
- Published
- 1974
16. Applications of Nonlinear Models. AIR 1984 Annual Forum Paper.
- Author
-
Stewart, Ian and Johnson, F. Craig
- Abstract
Some of the conceptual qualitative ideas needed to test nonlinear models empirically and to modify them are described. Relationships among these ideas and computer applications are also examined to elucidate the general process of nonlinear modeling. Two examples are presented along with a discussion of bifurcation, catastrophe, and maximum likelihood estimate methods. The first example concerns administrators' responses to innovation and uses a verbal description of events. The model is developed based on variables such as the amount of voluntary effort committed to the innovative project and the level of funding agreed to by the institution. An equation consistent with the hypotheses is presented. The second example starts with a mathematical model of promotions within an organization and shows how to go beyond the verbal statements. It is concluded that many observed phenomena in institutions are suggestive of nonlinear dynamics models. A number of standard types of dynamic behavior are well understood mathematics (catastrophe, periodicity, stochastic effects) and may be used to construct plausible models. (Author/SW)
- Published
- 1984
17. A Disposition to Attend to Relationships: A Key Shift in the Development of Multiplicative Thinking. Key Shifts in Thinking in the Development of Mathematical Reasoning. [Symposium]
- Author
-
Mathematics Education Research Group of Australasia (MERGA) and Siemon, Dianne
- Abstract
This paper draws on numerous data sources to better understand the shift from additive to multiplicative thinking in years 4 to 9. Research studies that have used the Scaffolding Numeracy in the Middle Years assessment tasks have found that while students can be supported to move through the early and upper zones of the Learning and Assessment Framework for multiplicative thinking, it has been difficult to move students through Zone 4 at the same rate. A closer examination of item responses at this level reveal that a disposition to notice and work with relationships between quantities may explain this phenomenon.
- Published
- 2022
18. A Typology for Instructional Enablers of Mathematical Modelling
- Author
-
Mathematics Education Research Group of Australasia (MERGA), Geiger, Vince, Galbraith, Peter, Niss, Mogens, and Holland-Twining, Ben
- Abstract
Competency with mathematical modelling is increasingly important for career and informed and engaged participation in personal, civic and work life. In this paper we report on an aspect of a three-year longitudinal study that aimed to identify and describe enablers of mathematical modelling. Teacher interview data has been drawn upon to exemplify key features of a typology for instructional enablers of mathematical modelling. Findings highlight the importance of the didactical contract and socio-mathematical norms in promoting students' mathematical modelling competency, as well as teachers' anticipatory capabilities.
- Published
- 2022
19. Promoting Covariational Reasoning with the Aid of Digital Technology = Promoviendo el razonamiento covariacional con apoyo de la Tecnología digital
- Author
-
Pérez Martínez, Helen Mariel, Cuevas-Vallejo, Carlos A., Islas Ortiz, Erasmo, and Orozco-Santiago, José
- Abstract
In this paper, we present the development of an investigation on the promotion of covariational reasoning in high school students (14-15 years old) in Mexico. The study consists of designing and applying a sequence of didactic activities that simulate a real situation virtually. The activities are organized through a Hypothetical Learning Trajectory supported by digital technology and elements of Cuevas-Pluvinage didactics. The activities were evaluated according to the levels of covariation proposed by Carlson and colleagues, categorizing students' achievements and difficulties for each level of understanding. The results show that the activities favor students' progress by moving from the context situation to the different representations, establishing the relationship between the variables, and identifying their functional dependence. [For the complete proceedings, see ED630210.]
- Published
- 2022
20. Leveraging Equity and Civic Empathy through Community-Based Mathematical Modeling
- Author
-
Aguirre, Julia M., Suh, Jennifer, Tate, Holly, Carlson, Mary Alice, Fulton, Elizabeth, and Turner, Erin E.
- Abstract
This theoretical paper describes how Community-based Mathematical Modeling can advance equity and cultivate civic empathy in elementary school settings. We provide a framework for community-based mathematical modeling instruction consisting of five goals: facilitating connections, fostering engagement, promoting rigor, cultivating civic empathy, and elevating justice. We illustrate how these goals work together to advance equity and cultivate civic empathy through classroom vignettes of community-based modeling lessons. Through this theoretical synthesis, implications for community-based mathematical modeling instruction will be discussed. [For the complete proceedings, see ED630210.]
- Published
- 2022
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.