Search

This section presents abstracts of conference papers related to business policy and strategy. These include "Competitive Advantage in Transition Economies: Exploring Organizational Capacity for Change," discussing competitive advantage in developed countries, "A Changing of the Guard: Executive and Director Turnover Following Corporate Earnings Restatements," on corporate earnings restatements, and "Balancing Exploration and Exploitation in Alliance Formation: A Multidimensional Perspective."

The article presents abstracts on topics about organizations and the natural environment which include barriers to greening the relief supply chain, alignment of consumers around low-carbon competitiveness, and the application of scenario analysis in industry sectors regarding climate change adaptation.

Purpose: Public and official teaching of accounting was born in Portugal, in 1759, with the creation of the Lisbon School of Commerce, by the Marquis of Pombal, during the reign of D. José I. In this sense, Portugal was the first country to make the teaching of accounting official. This study aims to publicize this notable educational institution of proven importance for the history of the accounting profession. In addition to documenting new data about the Lisbon School of Commerce, the paper aims to present the state of the art of the school, an educational establishment that mandatory and statutorily taught accounting using the double-entry bookkeeping method. Results: The text thus offers, as main results, (1) a trip to the exciting Portuguese 18th century, (2) a reflection on the political, economic and social contextualization of the school and, above all, (3) a list of the school's main features. It is expected that professionals will increase their knowledge about the history of the accounting profession, as well as become better documented about the historical process of professionalization of the Portuguese first accountants. Methodology: To reveal several unpublished episodes in the literature that add new information to knowledge, this work, in methodological terms, benefited from primary handwritten documentation obtained from more than a dozen national libraries and archives. Originality: The study contributes to the advancement of accounting knowledge with the systematization of several new (original) data about the Lisbon School of Commerce, of which we highlight the unprecedented presentation of a photograph relating to the school's first place of operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a systematic and bibliometric review of a closed-loop supply chain pricing strategy focusing on the perspective of carbon emission and game theory. A pricing strategy is a model to establish the best price for a product or service to maximize profits while considering consumer and market demand. In this review, carbon emission and game theory are used to reflect the economic and environmental relationship. Price strategy in a closed-loop supply chain is quite complex due to its specific operations involving collection, reuse, recycle, refurbish, repair and or recondition. Using bibliometric data of 165 research articles from Scopus database between year 2010 until 2022, the outcomes are visualized using VOSviewer. The bibliometric analysis was carried out on trends, rankings, authors, countries, universities, citations, and network visualizations. The content analysis is being done to find out the research purpose, carbon emission policy, type of game, condition, and environmental policy of the research. The result shown that this research area has kept growing, especially in the last five years. Journal of Cleaner Production is the leading journal in this field. China is the country that has the highest contribution with the most affiliations of the author referring to Shanghai Maritime University. Most of the research investigates how to minimize cost, reduce carbon emission and maximize profit by using Stackelberg and Nash game in deterministic conditions. Remanufacturing is the highest environmental policy used by researchers. This paper provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of pricing strategy considering CLCS and Game Theory perspectives. It will contribute to academics and professional's determining pricing strategies and future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the sectors with the greatest impact on the environment is the fashion industry, due to mismanagement of resources. This paper aims to describe the Orange Fiber case study, a Sicilian firm that uses cellulose extracted from 'Pastazzo', the citrus by-product, to obtain sustainable luxury fabrics. In addition to describing the stages of the production process and the technological innovation in the company, it was proposed the certification of environmental management systems according to international ISO 14001 standards within the company. In particular, the phases of environmental policy, and the application of the Deming cycle to the innovative start-up were explored. From the point of view of industrial symbiosis, the paper therefore proposes the idea of transforming a waste from the agro-food industry into a raw material in an environmentally impactful sector; this could represent an innovative idea in the application of circular economy principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental targeting policy by the government engendered a debate over sustainable management. In this paper, a theoretical model of sustainable management is proposed to determine the effectiveness of the targeting policy. We set a game with two players as a benchmark model, where player one is a group of companies that have two types of corporate strategies. The first strategy is to pursue the growth strategy via high-energy consumption. Another strategy is to use an eco-strategy that considers the environment. Player two is a group of consumers who may live life either with the concept of "life energy waste" or "eco-life." First, the Nash equilibrium is derived. Then, we introduce the government as the third player. The research question for this paper is as follows: can governmental policy targeting sustainable environmental management, such as CO2 reduction, be feasible in a society? The model in this paper shows that the governmental targeting policy has a positive effect on the feasibility of sustainable management. This is because a correlated strategy assures that the equilibrium exists between the two cases in the Nash Equilibrium. This also assures that the correlated strategy equilibrium is always higher than the two-person game Mixed Strategy Equilibrium. The announcement of the government may act as huge social investment as long as it is considered credible. This paper shows two case studies on leading companies in Japan and proposes economic concepts to explain the conditions in which an eco-friendly target policy is viable. In the resulting Nash equilibrium, under the condition of correlated equilibrium, one can see harmonization of the targeting policy and lifestyle. This result of correlated equilibrium is fundamentally different from the extant solution given by Pigou Tax or Coase Theorem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GESAMP, an international marine scientific advisory group sponsored by several UN bodies, has published significant reports on marine pollution and marine environmental protection since it was established in 1969. Although thoroughly reviewed and refereed, many of GESAMP's publications fit within the internationally-accepted definition of grey Literature. Since grey Literature can be difficult to identify and Locate, are GESAMP's publications ever used? GESAMP serves as an exceptionally good organization to test for access to and uses of grey Literature. Through an analysis of its publications this paper shows that even when an organization relies on grey literature as its primary means of output, the publications can receive extensive use. Nevertheless, problems of identification and access remain, and are not fully addressed by digital publication. Many of these problems could be minimized by following recommendations included in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preservation and protection of the environment is an imperative in modern society. Unsystematic and inadequate handling of waste is one of the major problems of environmental policy in Serbia. This situation is primarily the consequence of the society's inadequately developed attitude towards waste, and its failure to understand the positive effects of waste management. According to research, developing countries are, quite realistically, facing certain problems and challenges in this area. In the context of the subject of this paper, it is essential to point out that waste management belongs in the category of important environmental factors of tourism destination development. According to the Republic of Serbia visions of tourism to 2025, tourism is to become the leading promoter of the Republic of Serbia's image in the world as a modern and desirable destination for visits, vacations and business alike, thus fulfilling the constant innovative function in the implementation of the modern standards, new technologies and protection of nature. The research part of the paper will be concerned with the opinion and perception of the professional public as regards the scope and practical applicability of the existing legal solutions and programmatic and planning documents in the waste management area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a yield of efforts in the international climate policy and emerging consumer awareness there is a growing interest for the quantification of corporate level carbon footprints. As a consequence, there have been numerous initiatives, guidelines and calculation methods emerged recently to be able to quantify company level direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions. Most of them are based on the philosophy and classification of the Greenhouse Gas Protocol. This paper intends to provide a comparison of freely available online corporate level carbon footprint calculators with a novelty value of addressing their validity and reliability. Validity here refers to the issue whether different calculators cover the same or similar aspects or scopes of the corporate carbon footprint, while reliability addresses the question whether different calculators deliver the same or similar result if we use the same input data. Based on the example of an imaginary enterprise, we argue that validity is partly achieved, while reliability of the calculators is relatively low. This means that online corporate carbon calculators can be useful to provide a first insight for companies into their carbon footprints and they can also be useful for temporal comparisons at the level of one company (if the activity of the company is not too complex.) However, these calculators do not seem to be very appropriate for comparisons among different companies or with external benchmarks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the Indonesian government's policy to limit exports of raw mining products and pressures mining business actors to build smelters to provide added value mining products. This policy also has an impact on mining entrepreneurs, rural residents, and also countries that are trusted as trading partners of Indonesia. The impact given is negative because the actors are concerned about the disadvantage due to the implementation of this policy; environmental issues are also one of the impacts for rural residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we incorporate environment issues into a quality and quantity competition between two asymmetric restaurants We apply Game Theory (Game Theory is the study of mathematical models of strategic interaction between rational decision-makers) to study a competition of restaurant industry, defining a three-stage model. We compute the subgame perfect equilibrium, and we analyse the effects of the effects of difference of restaurants' reputation on the equilibrium outputs. As a result, we get that the increase in the reputation difference between restaurants reduces the quality and output of the small restaurant, and increases the quality and output of the large restaurant, being the overall effect an increase in the total quality and the aggregate quantity in the market. Moreover, the increase in the reputation difference between restaurants decreases profits of the small restaurant and raises both social welfare and profits of the large restaurant. In conclusion, restaurants' reputation has an important impact on the environmental deterioration. The effects of the valuation of the environment by the government are also investigated. We show that as the government values more the environment, emission standards are reduced, as well as quality and quantity of meals produced by both small and large restaurants. Furthermore, the increase in the valuation of the environment by the government raises social welfare and decreases profits of the large restaurant, while it is ambiguous for the small restaurant's profits. So, governments have tools they can use to control environmental degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are three important elements that need to be harmonized so that the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG's) can be achieved, namely economic growth (economic growth), social inclusion (social inclusion), and environmental protection (environmental protection). The Environmental Performance Index (EPI) 2020 places 180 countries on environmental health and ecosystem vitality, Indonesia ranked 116th. The indicators provide environmental policy targets, environmental performance and provide practical guidance for countries aspiring to move towards the sustainable future. Environmentally sound development is also supported by the government at the policy level in the form of Regulation of the Minister of Public Works and Public Housing of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21 of 2021 concerning the Assessment of Green Buildings. Through this regulation, the government wants to encourage the realization of the implementation of sustainable buildings that are characterized by efficient use of resources and their contribution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHG emissions). The target is to reduce GHG emissions based on DKI Jakarta Governor Regulation No. 131 of 2012, namely from non-provincial buildings of 1.5 million tons of CO2 emissions in 2020 and 5.5 million tons of CO2 emissions in 2030. While the target of the provincial government building itself in 2020 is 49.4 thousand tons of CO2 emissions and in 2030 of 129.5 thousand tons of CO2 emissions. This paper is intended to evaluate the application of Green Retrofitting in Existing Office High-rise Buildings, and proposed alternative ways in order to improve efficiency and effectiveness of Green Retrofit in Existing Office High-rise Buildings development and financing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current policy instruments in waste management were insufficient to promote environmentally friendly behaviour in Slovakia. Slovakia remains among the countries with the highest landfilling rate (70% of municipal waste deposited in landfills in 2014). A new National Waste Act entered into force in January 2016, but it remains uncertain whether an effective waste management system will be put in place to reach the 2020 recycling target of 50%. The aim of our research was to analyse and evaluate the current status of household waste separate collection in the village Nove Sady. This village has been selected as a representative for interest territory, which is the municipal association of 60 villages in the region of Nitra in western Slovakia. The collection of sorted components of municipal waste (paper, plastic, organic waste) has been realized by kerbside collection system all over the territory of interest. Three plastic containers (per each waste component) with identification codes were allocated in every household in 2015. The weight of waste in the container has been recorded automatically during each emptying. The quantities of sorted waste (in 2015) were analysed from 243 households located in the selected village Nove Sady. We found that on average, one inhabitant separates 7.12 kg of plastic, 12.72 kg of paper and 10.63 kg of organic waste per year. However, the most successful household was able to sort out up to 272 kg of waste per member per year. The detailed results for individual households enable to evaluate the activity of citizens and to reward the most environmentally-thinking households. We assume that rewarding system will certainly motivate less active households to sort municipal waste more efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The geographic origin of pollution is disconnected from its scale or place of occurrence, and some environmental problems could have impact easily on the entire planet. Currently it is noticeable a continuous agravation of pollution and a change in the basics of ecological problems. Local pollution is replaced by global issues such as climate change or biodiversity loss. The paper attempted to reveal the direction of policy measures that target sustainability within a global context. The paper makes an incursion in the field of policy measures aimed to correct the environmental relations of the contemporary society and assess the anticipative and the strategies of integration by referring to level of greening occuring throughout the economy and the social behavior. Therefore, many environmentally harmfull processes continued and still are continuing to date making the policy agenda more and more crowded and reliefing the urgency of action, which is one of the main concerns today. Meanwhile, in the economy there are symptoms of "greening", although confusion is still a significant issue among companies that attempt to change beneath the pressure of legal, financial, and information strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing concern for environmental sustainability over the last few years and the proliferation of international standards and agreements, environmental policies and practices need to be implemented by organizations. Most divisions such as marketing, supply chain, finance, and others have used ecological management in organizations. Human Resource Management recently became part of the Go Green campaign. "The integration of Environmental Management (EM) and HRM practices is known as Green Human Resource Management (GHRM)". The paper aims to provide conceptual guidance on Green HRM, provide a thematic overview of challenges for Green HRM, identify gaps in the current research and provide specific directions for future research. The study uses a Systematic Literature Review approach following the stages suggested by Tranfield et al. (2003). Based on the findings of identified studies, a thematic review is developed with broad themes underlying the prominent drivers/inhibitors associated with Green HRM adoption and implementation. Based on the analysis of themes, gaps in the current research are identified, and clear directions for future research were created with an aim to devise, recommend and propose policies to promote Green HRM adoption and implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of KnE Engineering is the property of Knowledge E DMCC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper reports the results of an empirical study examining the barriers to implementing environmentally sustainable practices in the construction industry and whether each of the identified barriers in ISO 14001 certified firms differ significantly compared to those in non-ISO 14001 certified firms. The study used interviews and a structured questionnaire to collect data from 40 construction firms in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The analysis of results showed that the top three of the 15 identified barriers are economic development placed above meeting environmental sustainability requirements, insufficient support from policymakers, and challenges to decreasing the amount of energy consumed during construction processes. The results also showed no significant difference between firms adopting ISO 14001 and firms not adopting ISO 14001 in terms of the importance of each identified barrier. These findings could guide managers and policymakers in construction firms interested in the implementation of environmentally sustainable practices in the UAE and firms operating in the same environment worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental policy is a relatively young science that originated in the late 60's and early 70's. The term environmental policy is used not only to describe national, international, global, regional or local environmental policy. Today, environmental policy is formulated by a number of other entities, primarily political parties, but also entities of the business sphere or the public sector. The Industrial Revolution is considered to be a fundamental milestone in the dynamics of human society's development, scope and manner of use and disruption of the environment and its functions. The extent of the use of the environment has been steadily growing rapidly. All company activities always affect the environment in some way. Activities related to industry, trade, transport and agriculture can be a source of high pressure on the environment. Considerate and responsible behavior with respect to the environment can be expected for companies due to legislative regulations requiring such behavior or this behavior is in line with the goal of making a profit. The aim of this paper is the environmental policy of the municipal company and its outputs, which are applied in the company's practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In July 2016, the European Commission presented its proposal for a regulation to reduce greenhouse gases emissions in sectors not covered by the emissions trading system with regard to post-2020 binding targets. The proposal extends the burden-sharing framework designed in 2008, and called the Effort Sharing Decision. This burden-sharing is based on a GDP per capita rule and aims to reflect the economic capacity of each European Member State on the basis of its relative wealth. However, several papers have pointed out that this way of allocating emissions can result in great cost-inefficiencies, as the allocations do not take Member State abatement costs into account. The proposal acknowledges this issue and proposes a range of flexibility instruments (i.e., more than 15 flexibility options) that intend to enhance cost-effectiveness. This paper evaluates the proposal and analyzes the economic impacts of each flexibility option with respect to fairness and cost-effectiveness using a computable general equilibrium model. The performed analysis demonstrates that flexibility mechanisms that allow "inter-Member state flexibility" constitute the most efficient options. Specifically, they reduce compliance costs and, simultaneously, increase fairness between low-income Member States and high-income Member States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global climate change and resources depletion are the main reasons why it is necessary to constantly seek innovative approaches to the green economy. The 21st century economy should be a "green" economy, represented by repeated and sustainable use of resources. At the same time, the impact of environmental problems has an increasing impact on the economy or health and the quality of life of the population. In Slovakia, one of the biggest environmental problems is mainly the issue of waste management. While the municipal waste recycling rate is one of the lowest in the European Union, land filling is still dominated as a form of waste management. That is why the new Environmental Policy Strategy until 2030, which represents Slovakia's strategic environmental policy for the next 10 years, has also been approved. It follows and supports the policy of the European Union, which declared war on the so-called disposable plastic. Among other things, it also focuses on waste management as one of the key environmental indicators. The aim of this paper is to analyse the state of waste management in the Slovak Republic at present with a focus on recycling and land filling, as well as to review and evaluate the new environmental strategy in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface water, as the largest part of water resources, plays an important role on China's agricultural production and food security. And surface water is vulnerable to climate change. This paper aims to examine the status of the supply reliability of surface water irrigation, and discusses how it is affected by climate change in rural China. The field data we used in this study was collected from a nine-province field survey during 2012 and 2013. Climate data are offered by China's National Meteorological Information Center which contains temperature and precipitation in the past 30 years. A Tobit model (or censored regression model) was used to estimate the influence of climate change on supply reliability of surface water irrigation. Descriptive results showed that, surface water supply reliability was 74% in the past 3 years. Econometric results revealed that climate variables significantly influenced the supply reliability of surface water irrigation. Specifically, temperature is negatively related with the supply reliability of surface water irrigation; but precipitation positively influences the supply reliability of surface water irrigation. Besides, climate influence differs by seasons. In a word, this paper improves our understanding of the impact of climate change on agriculture irrigation and water supply reliability in the micro scale, and provides a scientific basis for relevant policy making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses its attention on how, in a Southern Italian region like Puglia, the environment has been affected by infrastructural policies about the use of the water resource. The management and administration of the water resource and the rules about the use of public water and the pattern of socio-economic development were linked to the limited availability of this essential natural resource. The paper seeks to suggest that the use of water is dependent on peculiarities of social and cultural developme nt and, in this case, it shows that the water system has not prevented the emergence of a "spontaneous" system-approval. The area shared the principles of the protection of water resources and, at the same time, the idea that the development of the distribution networks of such a primary and inalienable good, like water, needed to be done carefully and with extreme care. The case of Puglia can be dealt with in this perspective: how projects and plans on the use of such an important natural resource shows that the effort applied on the transformation of the space resent of a sort of cultural iden Xtity, linked to the use of water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many issues are connected with the ecological security of the state. This institution is a good example of the complexity of the relationship between the instruments of legal protection of the environment that create it. The aim of this paper is to consider the connections between planning instruments related to the functioning of the legal institution of ecological security in the system of environmental law. In the process of implementing environmental policy in the Polish State, ensuring ecological security, a special role is played by various instruments in the form of plans, policies, strategies and programs. The basic research method used in the paper is based on a comprehensive and universal analysis of the normative material of Polish law. Views featuring in the literature are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper handles the sustainable development tools used to support the development in bi centric Hradec Králové - Pardubice agglomeration. Because the agglomeration is unique in its type - a conurbation forming the agglomeration core - the adjustment of mutual relations in the cooperation towards sustainable development of the agglomeration is important. One of the tools is ITI strategy which is aimed to set up and deepen the cooperation of not only the core cities but also other municipalities situated in the agglomeration territory. The strategy enables to detect the primary and secondary objectives of the development and proposes the form of their financing from actually available sources. Referring to sustainability pillars the paper deals with economic sustainability pillar in relation to the strategy which provides an efficient tool for the agglomeration sustainability. In order to develop sustainable behaviour of society and ensure long-term prosperity it is necessary to create balance between the production and consumption volumes based on supply and demand. Theoretical essays offer ideas of long-term influence on supply and demand bearing on the behaviour of economic entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper tackles the issue of the culture of ecological security and the ecological security sector, which both constitute a subfield of the culture of security and the culture of national security. The concept of sustained development provides important context for the issue. The dissemination on an individual, collective, and eventually global scale of a properly-cultivated ecological culture should allow for implementing changes in already existing policies regarding the exploration and utilisation of our planet, changes which would allow us to utilise in a sustainable way the resources and advantages which the natural environment provides, and which are not inexhaustible. I start by discussing the pivotal term - the culture of security, and the remaining part of the paper focuses on the terms which constitute the particular parts of the phenomenon, which is central to our striving towards freedom from threats. These terms include the culture of ecological security and the ecological sector - terms which act as useful tools when analysing the culture of security from the point of view of meeting the increasingly relevant need to make existing development processes sustainable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to present an analysis for Romania's energetic strategy designed for 2016-2030 according to the EU direction. Energetic security for a country is the most important after the IT sector, and also the knowledge to administrate key energetic resources. Import/ export of energetic resources is the question of how Romania will decide to develop or not its natural resources. The methodology will be a SWOT analysis, a personal point of view about the strategy. The environmental impact also is a challenge for all EU countries and Romania in her strategy has to be aligned. Romania still depends on energetic resources import. In this context the current paper can create the premises to identify alternatives with environmental policy as a focus. At international level, on the energy market, countries have to face the technology development, but also global warming phenomena, which will affect all economies. International cooperation to identify and optimize energetic resources and human capabilities can be a start for a new stage of development of international cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enterprise investment in environment protection means traditionally are seen as a burden induced by environmental policy. It is claimed that these investments do not support increase in output and productivity and rise production costs. Environmental investments directed to reduce abatement cost may not produce the productivity growth effect if the productivity gain do not outweigh the increase in abatement cost. Though environmental investments of firms are seen as less productive allocations, strong version of the Porter Hypothesis implies that investments to production process innovation, induced by environmental policy requirements, might lead to extra profits, which can exceed the cost of investment. Enterprise' investment to innovations related to environment protection, targeted to the production processes, technologies, activities and product design are likely to improve profitability and competitiveness of the firm due to the production cost savings and product improvements. Empirical evidence on the effect of environmental investments on productivity is inconclusive. This paper investigates the effect of enterprise' environmental investments on industry level productivity growth. Cobb-Douglas production function framework was extended to allow for effects of environmental investments. The endogenous growth approach of production function is augmented with variables of investment to environment protection remedies and investment to production process improvement, associated to the production factor of knowledge. Investment to environmental innovations of production process and products is interrelated to the accumulation of the stock of knowledge. The extent to which variations in productivity can be explained by the environmental investment is estimated from regression analysis of Lithuanian industry sectors' level data for the period of 2000-2015. The results revealed insignificant average productivity effect of the total environmental investment, integrating the impact of different types of investments - investment aimed at reducing environmental impact of production and also investment aimed at production process improvement. However, there is evidence, that environmental investment in production process improvement has statistically significant effect on sector's productivity growth. This result supports the strong version of the Porter Hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Opinions on the potential uses of risk analysis and environmental impact assessment (EIA) are different. Although many experts, researchers, practitioners and policymakers agree that risk analysis is a valuable tool to inform decisions, they disagree about the extent to which risk estimates may be biased and should be allowed to influence public policies to protect health and the environment and to be used within the EIA process. The quality and value of any risk analysis depends on the adequacy of the data and the validity of the method. For environmental hazards and most health and ecological effects, data are limited, methods are controversial, and consequently, quantitative risk estimates are very imprecise and highly uncertain, offering little guidance to policy-makers. EIA offers an appropriate legal and procedural framework for the integration of risk assessment. The question is then why risk assessment has found only limited application in European EIA practice. One reason may be a widespread belief among the EIA community that risk assessment is complicated, difficult to communicate, and usually costly. This paper presents using of risk analysis methods and approaches in environmental impact assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The migration of the current energy system towards a system with a high penetration of renewable energy sources is necessary if the catastrophic impacts of climate change are to be prevented. The interdependencies of such energy system security to the human and ecosystem well-being calls for a more cross-disciplinary analysis of the policy space as recommended in the nexus approach. System modelling can play a significant role in addressing these complexities. However, this is best achieved if models expand their analysis horizon beyond the energy system and incorporate all nexus components. This paper developed a set of evaluation approaches to map the gaps in the adequacy of existing energy system models' capabilities and potentials in representing the nexus concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The circular economy (CE) concept is a manufacturing method that represents regeneration, reparation, restoration by the plan. CE is emphasized as an upper-edge national political agenda in China. Meanwhile, it is an apparatus to develop bottom-up ecological, environmental and waste management policies in different regions as European Union, Japan and the USA. Bangladesh is a densely populated country that causes massive waste generation, which can be reused to reduce virgin raw material consumption, leading to economic and environmental amelioration. The review paper is based on factors such as CE perspective and sustainability, synergistic and integrative, CE- Digital technology (DT) framework, CE and industrial symbiosis network. This study fills in the blanks of various limitations and offers conceptual clarity with future work scope. It also analyzes the current CE and CE implementation practice in different industrial and agricultural sectors in Bangladesh. In addition, the study includes the CE in the ship demolition industry. It provides some key insights to implement CE, such as adopting suitable technologies, allowing budget & legislation, setting long term-plans and profitability & performance test. Finally, a suggestion towards implementing deep neural networking (DNN) in the shipbreaking industry was appeared to create a computational tool for estimating the amount of equipment obtained after a demolition project that can be less time-consuming, more efficient, and profitable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With China's burgeoning economy, more and more environmental issues have emerged and generated public concern. While social movements may seem to be difficult to take place in China given the country's authoritarian regime, in recent years the central government's environmental policies have shown some decentralization of power by encouraging public participation. However, when implemented locally, the results could be very different. Hence, this paper first discusses the current political opportunity for Chinese civil society by looking into the refined environmental policies, and then examines two cases of anti-PX protests in the city of Xiamen in 2007 and Maoming in 2014, in order to demonstrate the heterogeneous outcomes of environmental movements in China caused by varied political opportunities, resources, ecological factors, etc. at the local level. Moreover, this paper emphasizes the significant role that new media technology has played in environmental movements in China, thus identifying its advantages and challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attention to environmental sustainability today represents an essential issue for companies working in non-green industries. Companies are changing their attitude not only because they are forced by national and international law or by pressure from consumers but also because the adoption of environmental management strategies creates opportunities for business organizations. One of the ways through which companies integrate environmental concerns into their strategies while consolidating their competitive advantage is through innovations that can have positive environmental effects. Green innovation - defined as "innovations that consist of new or modified processes, practices, systems and products which benefit the environment and contribute to environmental sustainability" - can constitute an important source of cost reduction or improve environmental attributes of new products and services and can be used for marketing differentiation. Implementing green innovations represents an important challenge for non-green companies because it often requires the acquisition of new resources and competences that differ significantly from their existing competences. Previous studies on green innovations have often neglected this latter aspect because they have generally been focused on defining the specific features that distinguish green innovations from generic ones, on the effect of environmental policies, on fostering these innovation activities, or on the drivers of green innovations and its effect on firms' competitiveness. Thus, to the best of our knowledge, the majority of studies have focused on "who" has pushed green innovations, "why" they occur and with which results without noting "how" they are developed This paper attempts to contribute to the studies on this topic by proposing a theoretical framework that classifies green innovations by considering the impact of these innovations on a company's resources and competences. In particular, we focus on green innovation developed in non-green industries, where innovation development lies far from the company's core business and current resources and capabilities. To identify the different typology of green innovation according to their fit with existing market or technical capabilities, we employed the "Innovation Landscape Map" of Pisano (2015) and developed a multiple case study analysis in the non-green industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper does a qualitative assessment of the current European Union policies for dealing with climate change. In the EU mitigation policies are derived from the international agreements for reducing and limiting greenhouse gases emissions. Mitigation policies have a strict compliance regime using both positive and negative reinforcement. On the other side, adaptation measures, meant to increase nature's and society's resilience to climate change negative impact, are designed more as recommendations complementing sectoral policies. Agriculture has a relatively low potential of curbing GHG emissions but are some of the most vulnerable sectors to climate change. By examining the relative projected efficiency of EU's mitigation efforts compared to the overall goal of stopping global warming, the paper finds that there is clear imbalance between mitigation policies and adaptation policies. It concludes that in the absence of matching binding commitments from other large emitters of GHG, the climate objective will not be met. This requires at European level a medium and long-term strategy for the societal and economic adaptation to the new climate conditions and, on short-term, more focus on adaptation policies in vulnerable sectors such as agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When stakeholders are unaware of information that is of relevance to them and when this information is costly to obtain (due to costs associated with information awareness, acquisition, and integration), those stakeholders suffer from information asymmetry visà-vis the producer and owner of this information. To overcome those conditions, mandated disclosure has been used in a number of settings, requiring the owner of information such as a chemical manufacturer to disclose the types and level of toxic releases it produces. However, without the ease of information acquisition and subsequent dissemination, such disclosure’s value remains limited. In this paper, we study broadband penetration in the United States as an enabler of the public to be better informed about manufacturers’ pollution and its implications on curbing toxic releases. Because some marginalized communities have been documented to suffer more from such toxic releases, we also study the disproportionate impact of broadband on Black communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to examine the perceptions of travelers regarding the environmental sustainability of a hotel. Hospitality literature review depicts that few studies have investigated Green practices that result in hotels sustainability, from the traveler's point of view. In a competitive market, managers realize that implementing green strategies to reduce energy, water consumption and waste disposal, is important to withstand economic crisis. On the other hand, it is interesting to investigate whether this green policy has an effect on the increase of the intention of guests, who share environmental concerns, to visit such a hotel. The Authors perform a field study using a sample of tourists visited Halkidiki, in Greece, and gather data regarding their knowledge and attitude toward the adoption of environmentally friendly policies and at the same time to investigate if their intention to visit hotels that implement such policies is also affected positively. The results are quite positive and pinpoint that ethical and green policies may result in reducing costs on the one hand and attract an existing dynamic market nest on the other, so that finally green policy can be a strategic decision of the hotels' management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change and the deteriorating state of the environment pose a serious threat to the European Union and the entire world. The Green Deal for Europe sets a potential goal of achieving climate neutrality by 2050. This agreement aims to promote a green economy, create sustainable industry and transport, and reduce pollution. The main intention is to turn climate and environmental challenges into opportunities and ensure that the transition is fair and inclusive. The European Commission supports EU Member States in designing and implementing reforms that support the ecological transformation and contribute to achieving the objectives of the Green Deal for Europe. The Commission also assists in designing the necessary procedures in central and local administrations and creates the coordination structures necessary for the implementation of environmental policies. The aim of this article was to propose possible strategies to use and support the competitiveness of companies in the Czech Republic in meeting the goals of the European Union. In order to increase competitiveness, it focuses on strengthening small and medium-sized enterprises, reducing sector market barriers, facilitating foreign investment and trade, supporting research and innovation, better managing public-private partnerships and optimizing state-owned enterprises. With this contribution, the authors are trying to contribute to the achievement of the goals of the European Union and at the same time support the competitiveness of companies in the Czech Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the subject of scientific observation is the penal policy concerning environmental protection in Macedonia. The paper presents theoretical basics that determine the subject of crime against the environment and towards presenting the incriminations provided in Penal Code of the Republic of Macedonia. Data for a period of ten years is being presented, gathered from the statistical Yearbooks of the Republic of Macedonia State Statistical Office. Data regarding the number of reported, charged or convinced persons presented for a period of ten years in this paper raises questions about the most visible components of penal policy. Environmental protection is of particular importance for Macedonia and its integration into the European Union, given that environmental protection and sustainable development are high in the priorities of the Union. These values (environment, sustainable development) in the future will only gain in importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organizations are increasingly concerned about the environmental performance including ecological profile, ecological efficiency, and ecological initiative in their operations. This is because the environmental performance can help the organization to meet environmental regulations, improve their profitability, and enhance their competitive position in the market place. IT capability is an organizational ability in effectively and efficiently using their IT resources, which can help organizations for improving their organizational environment performance. It can be determined by IT infrastructure, IT human resources and IT management. This paper develops the conceptual framework of the role of IT capability in improving organizational environmental performance. This is a IT capability conceptualization constitute an original contribution to the information system research in general and the green IT sub research in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high-quality environment is becoming absolutely necessary not only for the health of the population, but also for the good functioning of the economy and the availability of natural resources. The aim of environmental policy and instruments of environmental policy is to ensure the required quality of the environment. Environmental aspects have become an essential part of the decision-making processes of developed European countries. Environmental management has not been implemented separately from other economic decisions, but has been gradually implemented in all economic sectors and spheres, at the macroeconomic level. In practice, also in environmental management there are characteristic tools often used in the process of achieving others - mostly economic and social goals. By appropriate selection and setting of these tools, as well as their suitable combination, there is possible to achieve also environmental goals. But there are also specific instruments of environmental policy. The use of environmental policy instruments is currently considered not only as a way of sustainable development building, but these instruments have a much broader economic, social and, in particular, fiscal dimension. Individual European Union countries strive to influence the quality of the environment, as well as to ensure social-economic development, using various combinations of economic, normative but also voluntary instruments. Using the environmental policy instruments is possible to implement the concept of sustainable development into concrete economic and social activities. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the use of selected environmental policy instruments in the European Union countries, in the context of sustainable development and economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 1990s Green Public Procurement (GPP) is a voluntary environmental policy promoting in EU low-impact goods and service markets; according to these more general objectives, contracting authorities should “buy green” i. e. environmentally friendly products and services. This has been translated into a short-term objective: to reach over than 70% of recycled materials from C&D waste by 2020 (CCE No 397 of 16 June 2008). Within this European framework, each Member State has proposed its own vision/strategy, adopting a National Action Plan. Italy has defined its PAN GPP in 2008, after a large consultation process with local Authorities and stakeholder organizations; in this way (identifying national targets and priorities), this Plan has represented effectively the national framework for GPP activities. As first tangible action, PAN GPP has established that the Ministry of the Environment must define Minimum Environmental Criteria (MEC) as national references in public procurements. Until now, at EU level you have a wide list of criteria (19), mostly reported to supply of goods and services (cleaning products and services, food and catering services, furniture, …), while in Italy there are some less (17). Although in Italy GPP was initially a voluntary tool, it is mandatory from 2015 and Italy has become the first European country which imposed MEC; in fact, according to recent regulatory changes and in particular to art. no. 34 sub. 1 of the new Code on Contracts “Energy and Environmental Sustainability Criteria”, contracting authorities must apply specific green criteria in public procurement. This means that every public purchase of goods and services must be green, but also every public work carried out by a contracting authority. The paper shows contents and procedures by which contracting authorities may take account of minimum criteria in awarding call for tenders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we report on our experience in WEEE recycling monitoring; authors present problems and solutions of recycling of waste from electrical and electronic equipment and they focused on the analyse of an Eldan S1000 shredder recycling line. Concerning the European Union's environmental policy, there are three aspects about: conservation, protection and improvement of the quality of the environment, protection of population health and the correct and rational use of natural resources with their reuse. Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) represents a domain with the fastest growing, both national and international level; Romania held the European Union last place in electronic and electrical equipment waste collecting in 2016, 1.6 kg per inhabitant, below the 8.9 kilograms European average, as it is shown in European Bureau for Statistics published data. Electronics recycling provides precious and special metals to be recovered, it reduces the environmental impact associated to the electronics manufacture from raw materials and it ensures that electronics hazardous substances are treated properly. The reused products must be accordingly and efficiently recycled at the end of their useful life. The WEEE components recycling process is a very complex one, each stage having its own importance, timing and steps required for recycling need to be respected according to national and European rules. The Eldan S1000 shredder recycling line consists of many equipment and it has approximately 4 tonnes / hour processing capacity, function the type of material to be processed. To solve the desired recycling problem by using Eldan line represents a possibility by a modular approach flexibility, which means that a number of combinations can be obtained, with variations from a single machine to complete systems. The WEEE Eldan recycling plants and lines are designed for automatic processing, with specialized personnel for supervision. They can be easily adjusted to reduce the material size, depending on its type and in accordance with the market requirements. High performance, low processing and maintenance costs, low energy consumption, minimal metal losses and the appropriate mechanical technique for reducing and separating components recommend these equipment type for successful WEEE recycling, with a modern and flexible technology. This type of modern WEEE recycling system solutions offers an innovative character, paying attention to main factors - human resources and time - their good management being important to the proper functioning of the Eldan recycling line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that more environmental sociology theory and research is needed to understand natural resource conservation challenges in states where the majority of land is in private hands. Although some scholars have provided frameworks that demarcate distinct subcultures, land ethics and/or environmental movement and counter-movement frames related to private property, these frameworks focus on broad distinctions at the national level. In state and local contexts, things are much more complicated, as revealed by a case study of the controversy over the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer in south central Oklahoma. The study employs data from public comment letters, newspapers and newsletters (2002-03) to illustrate the diversity of frames being used by different sectors engaged in the debate. Those who wish to sell the water outside its counties of origin tend to frame the controversy in terms of private property rights; those who want to keep the water at home utilize a mix of conservation and preservation frames; and policy makers tend to argue that science should be the ultimate arbitrator. The paper discusses the implications of this mix of perspectives, particularly in states with high concentrations of private property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contemporary environmental struggles have centered around the problem of "bureaucratic slippage" in the implementation of environmental laws. Various theories account for that slippage by focusing on how the specific characteristics of a regulatory agency shape its implementation of environmental policy. In this paper, I review the major theories used to explain the logging policies of the Forest Service. I then evaluate these models by applying them to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). In each case, the FWS appears to have already "solved" the problems highlighted in these analyses of the Forest Service. The FWS should therefore be an ideal vehicle for implementation of environmental laws. However, for all of their differences, the FWS and Forest Service display remarkably similar patterns in terms of citizen enforcement litigation. This litigation is associated with a dramatic reduction in logging levels and a dramatic increase endangered species protection in the 1990s. Accordingly, successful implementation of environmental laws appears to depend less on the characteristics of the implementing agency than on the presence of mechanisms of public enforcement of those laws from outside of the agency. This paper concludes with an evaluation of the implications of citizen enforcement for environmental policy and scholarship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The post-industrial dependence on experts and its related power imbalances has engendered social movement demands for participation. Given the reliance of environmental policy on science and expert knowledge, one such key group of movements and collaborations is those that attempt to democratize environmental research and slow the environmental degradation. This paper examines the social movement and resultant participatory methods that democratize environmental knowledge. I conceptualize the democratization of knowledge as the process through which local, lay perspectives become legitimate in science and/or expert knowledge to the point that they affect political decision-making. Theorists have pointed to movement contestation of research and technology as characteristic of new social movements, but have yet to empirically study this movement tactic. The environmental movement is the classic case to contest knowledge in order to improve policy. This paper examines the movement of dam-affected people in Brazil to understand its 1) strategies, ideologies and alliances, 2) resultant research collaborations between experts and lay people, and 3) the affects of these collaborations on policy. Based on interviews with movement actors, government officials, and scientific experts, I find that this movement has been effective in constructing new environmental research that serves as an alternative to that conducted by industry proposing potential dams. This paper is therefore an examination of the processes involved therein. Such projects play a pivotal role in the achievement of movement goals. The anti-dam movement in Brazil provides an empirical instance in which to explore how movements contest and consequently shape research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the competitive implications of hotels' participation in a Costa Rican voluntary environmental program established by the government and identifies institutional factors that motivate participation in this initiative. By studying service industry firms in a developing country, this research offers the opportunity to compare the conclusions obtained by previous empirical work on voluntary environmental initiatives, nearly all of which have focused on manufacturing firms operating in developed countries. The main theoretical perspectives on the relationship between corporate environmental management and competitiveness offer contradictory conclusions. In general, the environmental economics perspective argues that there is a trade-off between environmental and competitiveness goals. On the other hand, the proactive environmental management perspective posits that appropriate environmental protection strategies can enhance firm competitiveness.This study approaches this controversy by using resource-based theory and institutional theory. The RBV argues that participation in voluntary environmental programs can generate differentiation advantages for firms operating in environmentally sensitive markets because these programs allow firms to develop credible 'green' reputations that are rare, difficult to create, costly to imitate, and that provide enhanced value to environmentally aware consumers. Additionally, the paper proposes that participation in voluntary environmental initiatives is not only the result of competitive economic rationality but is also affected by institutional factors. Cross-sectional data were collected for a sample of 164 hotels operating in Costa Rica. Environmental performance data were obtained from the voluntary Sustainable Tourism Certification Program (STC Program). The results indicate that hotels with higher performance in the STC Program gain differentiation advantages that result in significant price premiums. It was also found that participation in the STC Program was not only motivated by economic rationality, but also by institutional factors such as trade association membership and level of regulatory oversight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]