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The 9th International Conference on Advanced Material Engineering & Technology (ICAMET 2021) is a virtual conference that serves as a platform for researchers, engineers, and scientists from around the world to present their new advances and research results in the field of advanced materials engineering, science, computer, management, and technology. The conference was co-organized with the Universitas Negeri Makassar, and all papers from ICAMET 2021 will be published in Scopus Indexed Conference Proceedings. The objectives of the conference are to facilitate the exchange of ideas and research findings, provide an overview of the latest advances in the field, and foster collaborations between researchers. [Extracted from the article]

The 4th International Conference on Current Trends in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (CTMSE 2022) was held virtually from July 28 to July 30, 2022. The conference aimed to provide a platform for researchers, scientists, and academicians from around the world to present research papers on recent developments in materials science and engineering. It focused on new advances in various areas within the field and aimed to improve society and everyday life. The conference was organized by the Institute of Engineering and Management in Kolkata, India, which is known for its commitment to excellence in education and innovation. The organizers expressed gratitude to the speakers, session chairs, reviewers, and committee members for their support, and hoped that the conference proceedings would be helpful for young researchers and experts in the field. [Extracted from the article]

This paper analyses rock mass quality based on an engineering geological investigation conducted at the Rongkong diversion tunnel, Luwu Utara Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The research area's surface and subsurface were mapped geologically, and drill cores were evaluated along the tunnel. In addition, laboratory test data further reinforced these investigations. This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of the rock mass in the tunnel using the Rock Mass Rating (RMR) method. However, in cases involving weak rock and complex geology, another alternative approach is known as the Geological Strength Index (GSI) method. The results indicated that the Rongkong diversion tunnel under investigation primarily comprised lithological, including granodiorite and schist. The rock mass shows varying degrees of weathering, ranging from slight to complete. The study area's RMR rock mass values ranged from 33 – 59 (poor to fair quality), while the GSI values ranged from 15 – 58 (very poor to good quality). The effect of weathering degree can be one of the factors causing poor rock mass quality. Furthermore, this paper also examines the correlation between RMR and GSI. The equation GSI = 1.66RMR – 39.44 (R² = 0.94) was obtained from analysis of the correlation between GSI and RMR in the research area. Therefore, the obtained correlation results may serve as recommendations for other regions exhibiting comparable lithology and rock mass characteristics within the scope of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication technologies have become a critical element of engineering and our day-to-day lives. In this paper, the complementary possibilities of two nascent technologies, namely LoRaWAN and ESP-NOW are explored. The LoRaWAN protocol is best suited for long-range communication, while ESP-NOW is ideal for short-range communication. The uniqueness of this research endeavor is focused on how both of these outstanding approaches can be strategically used in tandem, therefore capturing the best of both worlds. A proof-of-concept hardware system was designed and implemented in a 48V DC microgrid environment to observe the overall performance. The system was also deployed in a real-life setting to validate this work. From the experimental outputs, it was observed that ESP-NOW could be used to receive data from up to 20 devices in a 40-meter radius, while LoRaWAN could send data to a gateway as far as 35 kilometers away. All of this was accomplished while using only milliwatts of power. Therefore, demonstrating the effectiveness of combining these two divergent communication approaches together, in order to generate a convergent result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Safety and reliability are critical aspects of engineering and in our day-to-day life. In this paper, the possibilities of a new circuit protection technology namely Solid-State Circuit Breakers are explored. The various faults that can occur in low-voltage DC microgrids are investigated and the prospects of utilizing this technology to mitigate these risks are investigated. This research work also attempts to integrate the circuit protection methodology with energy monitoring to further enhance the overall capabilities of the system. To utilize this technology, a hardware prototype for a 48V DC microgrid setup capable of handling up to 500W of power was created. The system has two individual channels that distribute power to two types of loads, essential and non-essential respectively. Multiple modes are implemented to effectively tackle different faults, and remote monitoring was deployed through novel communication protocols. A series of tests was run to assess the system's overall performance under various operating conditions. This system demonstrates how two diverse technologies can be successfully merged to provide a novel and superior product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2nd International Conference on Technology, Informatics, and Engineering (ICon-TINE) was held as a hybrid conference, with both in-person and virtual attendees. Over 140 papers were submitted from research and educational institutions in India, Indonesia, Taiwan, and Malaysia. The conference aimed to provide a platform for researchers, scholars, and practitioners to discuss and present their latest findings in engineering, science, and technology. The conference covered various fields, including mechatronics, robotics, computational intelligence, data science, computer science, electrical and control engineering, and more. The hope is that the conference results will contribute significantly to the knowledge in these scientific fields. [Extracted from the article]

This document is a preface to the proceedings of the 1st International E-Conference on Biopolymer, Smart Materials, and Engineering Materials 2023 (ICBSEM2023). The conference took place on April 20th and 21st, 2023 at Wollo University, Kombolcha Institute of Technology in Ethiopia. The purpose of the conference was to bring together experts from academic institutions, industries, and research organizations to share knowledge and experiences in the field of mechanical engineering education and research. The conference included 58 papers, plenary lectures, and invited talks, providing opportunities for discussion and bridging the gap between different fields. The document acknowledges the support and encouragement from various individuals and organizations involved in organizing the conference. [Extracted from the article]

The 2nd International Conference of Sustainable Earth Resources Engineering (SERiES2022) was held in Bayview Hotel Langkawi Island, Malaysia from October 18 to 20, 2022. The conference aimed to bring together experts from various engineering backgrounds to discuss and present their research on future sustainable earth resources and engineering technology. The conference included plenary lectures, keynote speakers, presentations, ice-breaking sessions, and field visits. The conference proceedings include 42 selected papers out of 97 abstracts and scientific articles from 7 countries. The chairman of the conference expressed gratitude to the individuals, organizations, and volunteers who contributed to the success of the event. [Extracted from the article]

CaSO4 occurs in various phases. The most common and stable phase is the gypsum phase and anhydrite phase. It is well known that the different phases show different luminescence properties. Ce3+ can be easily induced in the anhydrite phase of CaSO4 at 400°C in a redox environment. However, at various temperatures, the photoluminescence of CaSO4 doped with cerium changes its intensity. The molar concentration of the compound and dopant also plays an important role in forming the distinct phases of CaSO4: Ce. A substantial change in CaSO4:Ce phases occurred when it is prepared in the controlled environment. The computational calculations also show that the concentration of dopants plays a vital role in changing the phase of CaSO4. This also changes the photoluminescence properties. The preparation procedure, photoluminescence spectra, and the distinct phases are discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper outlines the different practices and the series of operations involved in the precision machining and the metrological inspection of body and spool assembly which constitute the second stage of a Hydraulic Spool Valve. To achieve the stringent valve specification, the valve components need to satisfy the prime requirements of high accuracy in dimensions, form, surface finish and lap condition. The body has many rectangular openings or flow slots which are machined by Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM). Further, the body bore is machined precisely by WEDM followed by Honing and Lapping. The spool is thereafter machined and matched to the corresponding dimensions obtained from the body, in order to meet the specified valve performance parameters. The final body and spool assembly has very critical clearance, cylindricity, lap and surface finish. Results of the metrological and valve performance parameters such as Null leakage and flow curve have been presented and are well within the specification limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Acre is a 'retrofirst' refurbishment of a 1980s office building in central London, UK, with 80% of the original structure being reuse. A key requirement was to temporarily divide the ten-storey building into two independent parts during demolition and later reconstruction of linking units. This paper describes the award-winning temporary works used to create a clear work front, with four props horizontally stabilising the building while the site was served by rooftop tower cranes. Far fewer temporary elements were required than first envisaged, leading to benefits to programme, cost, safety and emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Donor-acceptor (D/A) combinations consisting of polymer (or small molecule) donors and fullerene acceptors (FAs) have dominated the market for organic solar cells (OSCs) for over two decades. The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of fullerene acceptor-based organic solar cells have exceeded 13 percent in recent years. The discovery of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), which provide synthetic flexibility, a high absorption capacity, and superior thermal durability, has resulted in power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) in single junction devices that approach 18%. Moreover, the installation of interlayers between the D/A (active layer) and electrodes is essential for charge collection and transfer, increases the device's performance, and makes it more stable. In this article, the engineering techniques for interlayers are addressed based on the work mechanisms they do in NFAs-based OSCs. These techniques enhance the efficiency of power conversion and OSC stability. The paper concluded with a summary of the key issues confronting interlayer engineering as well as the future paths for the development of OSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of Education, Technology has started to play a significant role in teaching and learning process particularly in language acquisition. It creates a wonderful platform to enhance the students' skills by providing endless online resources and advanced learning materials. Nowadays, industries mainly prefer the engineers who are not only good at technical skills but also good in writing skills. One of the common problems that is faced by the industries is lack of good writing skills among the engineers. In order to shine better in their profession, Engineering students need to improve their Writing skills in their college. To make the students better in their writing and to meet the industries expectations, the language teachers can effectively make use of these technological tools in and outside the classroom. The teachers can choose mobile technology which is one of the effective tools and very handy and compact device. This technology can very well be adopted by the course instructors and make the engineers, a better writers. This paper predominantly aims to bring out the effectiveness of using technology in learning writing skills by conducting surveys among the I year information technology students. From the survey, It was clearly understood that the technology has shown its importance in every part of their language learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, regardless of the business or industry involved, graduates will need the skills required to solve various workplace issues. For several years, the author used a project technique with creative problem solving projects to help students understand and resolve a multitude of contemporary problems, including those in engineering, technology and business. Recognizing the variety and complexity of workplace issues, and the relevance and adaptability of creative problem-solving to situations in different disciplines, the author developed a project technique to help students understand and solve multidisciplinary problems. The technique involved several components, including a requirement for students to create a physical model representing the solution for those problems. To ensure an accurate and thorough evaluation of the project technique, the author used several assessment instruments. In the paper, the author described and evaluated the major components of the project technique. The author identified the benefits derived from using the technique as a way to learn about different workplace issues and develop solutions for those concerns. Also, pretests and posttests were administered to compare student understanding of creative problem solving and the specific workplace issues involved. Finally, the author provided responses to student comments/suggestions for improving the project technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, plastic has been part of the value chain of many different products, becoming a final consumer good. The enormous value of the plastics industry is beneficial for those who are part of the chain, reflected in the enormous figure of 1 trillion dollars a year, that is, 5% of the total trade of goods worldwide. This research is oriented to examine 3 tools to achieve a new model to optimize and improve the level of service, due to late delivery times and poor quality identified as the main problems within the company studied. The proposed model uses tools such as: Improvement of mold change time through the SMED Engineering tool, improvement of the organization and production tools through the 5S Engineering tool and improvement of operational efficiency under a Total Productive Maintenance approach obtaining an improvement for the company. Achieving an integrated model to improve the level of service that is suitable to be replicated in manufacturing companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Day after day the climate change due to global warming converts large areas into arid or semi-arid areas covered with sand dunes and establishing geotechnical structures on it becomes much more difficult. In this paper effect of the addition of two natural materials (bentonite and kaolinite) individually on several engineering properties of dune sand was investigated. Standard compaction, direct shear, and oedometer tests were made and a finite element model of a shallow strip footing was built by the PLAXIS 2D software based on those experimental results. It was found that both bentonite and kaolinite enhanced the dune sand behavior under a shallow strip footing but the bentonite was more effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart manufacturing enterprises rely on adapting to rapid engineering changes while minimizing the generated risk. Making informed decisions related to engineering changes and managing risks against unexpected costs requires more information to be extracted from limited data. However, limited information in early-stage design can come in many forms, namely text and images. The development of innovative design tools and processes to link multisource data together is essential to assist designers in building model-based engineering (MBE) systems. However, the formal computational linking of multisource data is yet to be realized in MBE. We propose a framework to implement transfer learning and integrate domain specific knowledge to bridge this information gap. A synthetic dataset is created using web scraping techniques based on keywords extracted from the requirements. Requirement-image pairs are used to fine tune a contrastive language-image pretraining model to acquire domain knowledge. The results demonstrate how the content of images can be used to indicate all affected requirements for tracing engineering changes in a complex system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Product development is time-consuming and cost-intensive. Part of the costs can be attributed to physical tests. Therefore, new methods are being researched to save resources. One upcoming area that becomes important for the industry is Virtual Reality (VR) technology. In the state of research studies have already compared VR with methods such as CAD visualizations. However, there is a need for research regarding the comparison to physical models. Therefore, a comparative study between a physical system and a VR system is evaluated in terms of functional analysis. The study task was to analyze the mechanism of a lawn sprinkler. For evaluation, a function explanation in a final interview was used. Although more different representations were possible with VR, there was no general improvement. This could be because movements were more difficult to visualize and recognize. The VR application is very suitable if you mainly have to look at systems that are difficult to view in reality. For example, some physical systems may be challenging to see in operation or may not allow a physical cut, so VR can be a solution. The advantages of physical systems can be in using other impressions, such as a feeling of certain forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Situatedness in design suggest that designing is situated within the design process or the cognitive actions taken by the designer, the designer's expertise and know-how, the designer's experience generally and the interactions in the specific design task being undertaken as well as the interactions with the design artefact generated. In this paper, we analyzed the situatedness of design concepts generated by teams of professional engineers during a design task. The method combines protocol analysis, Natural Language Processing and network theory to provide a representation and a measurement of design situatedness overtime. Providing empirical evidence of the situatedness of concepts has been overlooked in design research. The method and results presented in this paper outlines the foundation to empirically explore design situatedness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This full paper concerns an exploratory study that investigates students' reasoning about torsion. Mechanical reasoning is critical to engineering applications and yet students still struggle to accurately predict, analyze, and model mechanical systems using formal symbolic notations (i.e., formalizations). To understand the nature of students' reasoning, we analyzed students' discourse to explore two competing hypotheses: (H1) The "Formalisms First" (FF) hypothesis that students report their mechanical reasoning predominantly using mathematical formalisms that take on a disembodied, allocentric (observer) point-of-view; or (H2) the "Grounded and Embodied Cognition" (GEC) hypothesis that students predominantly use independent speech which includes analogy and imagery to simulate the physical structure and function of an object(s) using an embodied, egocentric (first-person) point-of-view in addition to an allocentric point-of-view. Qualitative results from discourse analysis of two student dyads showed that students' mechanical reasoning revealed through their speech included both analogy and imagery, as predicted by H2. Students generated analogies and imagery that described dynamic behaviors, such as how torque caused displacement, stored and released energy, and fractured. Usage of analogies and imagery supports that students' mechanical reasoning often drew upon simulations of torsion-related sensorimotor experiences. Students' egocentric and allocentric imagery invoked sensorial experiences in their speech, with allocentric viewpoints being more common, as predicted by H1 and H2. Student discourse included many references to formalisms, also consistent with the H1. Data from students' verbal discourse on mechanical reasoning suggests they employ both GEC and FF viewpoints of torsion, which has implications for designing effective learning experiences and for assessing students' knowledge.

Mechanisms are widely used in engineering as components of different types of machines and devices. In this paper, careful consideration is given to the studying and motion analysis of Whitworth quick return mechanism, which represents a modification of slider-crank mechanism. This mechanism has many applications, but mostly is used in machine tools and hydraulic machines (pumps). From an engineering standpoint, the quick return mechanism impacted the technology of the Industrial Revolution by minimizing the duration of a full revolution, thus reducing total machining time and cost. In this paper, the structure of a quick-return mechanism is explained, as well as motion analysis which includes determination of velocity and acceleration by using SolidWorks feautures. Also, the input parameters used for this method are optimized to imitate the mechanism motion in real conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fractional calculus is not a new topic, in reality it has almost the same history as that of classical calculus. In this paper, new approaches are developed to solve a class of nonlinear fractional differential initial value problems with fractional derivative defined in Caputo sense. Two numerical methods have been presented, Fractional Adams-Bashforth-Moulton Method (FABMM) and Fractional Differential Transformation Method (FDTM) compared with Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM), used for very specific type of problems. The methods are used on two different nonlinear fractional differential equations of the form, Dα y(t) = f(y(t)), with and without exact solution for the same initial condition y (0) = 0. We present new results that deal with the Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM), suitable to handle fractional calculus applications. The results are obtained with comparisons made between FDTM, FABMM and the exact solutions at each integration point, given, both graphically and tabularly, for different fractional orders 0 <α ≤1, constant step-size h = 0.01 and small time interval t∈[0,0.5]. Our work, with using symbolic software packages as Wolfram Mathematica, can be considered as an alternative to existing techniques, and will have wide applications in science and engineering fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transgressive and widespread sediments of the Jurassic Period and various geological units from north Ankara provide paleontological and sedimentologic data to interpret the past geological history. In the study, we made a proper stratigraphical revision for the Jura sediments from the Kosrelik and Kosrelikkizigi areas in northern Ankara. For the revised stratigraphy, the obtained field and laboratory work results and the literature information were used. A Total of 47 samples were collected from the Jurassic-aged units. Two stratigraphical sections were measured. In the area, the Bayirkoy Formation, more than 600 meters in thickness and early Jurassic in age comprise the following members from the bottom to top: Corakliktepe, Kosrelik, Hacikavagi, Beytepe and Turnacesme members. It starts with transgressive basal conglomerates and continues with arkosic quartzitic sandstones, rhythmic marl and mudstone sediments and ends with sandstones. Foraminiferal findings support the Jurassic age. Lithological and faunal contents of the Jurassic sediments show open marine deeper paleoenvironment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PT. This paper conveys outcome of the theoretical and empirical implementation of Strategic Marketing, within scope of Asians, including Indonesian as its Stakeholders. As background information, the sustainability has been elaborated merely as asymmetrical aspects in one of the following Trilogy of People-Profit-Planet, instead of Penta Helix Perspectives. Purpose of the study and its purpose, technically refer to the anthropometric characteristics of Asian, to adapt its Strategic Marketing, within Engineering Multidisciplinary and Stakeholder Perspective. In order to elaborate Sustainable Product and Service Systems Engineering; this paper elaborates Quantitative Approach, and to some extent ready for the Mixed Methods; in order to arrive at decision making on the best strategy in strategic marketing toward Asians' Stakeholder. As Conclusion, specific attention is focused on the Strategic Marketing on particular Promotion Table. In addition to that, the conclusion that Future Research is suggested to be constantly updated, in order to adapt to continual Anthropometric of Asians Characteristics. Ultimately, The aforementioned Sustainability is intertwined with multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering (IE), Architecture (ARC) and Product Design Engineering (PDE) on Strategic Marketing (SM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teleaudiology is a part of the telehealth approach, and technology was used to deliver audiology and information services to clients using ICT applications such as telephone, email, and video conferencing. Despite this service's benefits, the collaboration between audiologists and engineers is essential to maximize the teleaudiology application. Therefore, this state-of-the-art review aims to summarize and discuss the current evidence on the teleaudiology approach, focusing on technology and applications. A search strategy of database Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and PubMed were conducted in December 2020, and 13 relevant articles were identified. The inclusion criteria were teleaudiology studies conducted in all countries or regions, articles written in English, and were defined in terms of participants, intervention(s), comparators or controls, outcomes, and study design (PICOS). The review describes three main components: screen sharing or remote access, audio-visual communication, and other technology related to engineering development. In this review, specific research projects can be carried out through audiologists and engineers collaboration such as High-Tech Teleaudiology Van (HTTv) and developing several simulators for the teleaudiology training purposed. In conclusion, having a system such as teleaudiology, comparable audiological services can be conveniently offered to patients, in conjunction with other benefits and collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-quality education is required for a sustainable society, particularly in the engineering profession, where future global leaders play a critical role. To accomplish this, sustainability must be integrated into Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). As people's concerns about the environment's impact on them grow, so does the importance of sustainable development. It is critical to assess students' knowledge and efforts in engineering courses in order to communicate an institution's strategic direction. The purpose of this research is to better identify the level of sustainability implemented by students, who constitute a sizable number of HEI stakeholders. The research was conducted in a HEI in Manila, Philippines, using a mixed methodological approach with a sequential explanatory design. A survey was created to collect and analyze quantitative data, which was then supplemented with qualitative insights from a focus group discussion. The study's findings show how HEIs may improve sustainability by understanding the dynamics of change and acting as change agents. We can develop a more sustainable and responsible engineering profession by including sustainability into education, ultimately contributing to a more sustainable global future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To ensure students of a 4-year engineering technology programme receive the best of learning in both theoretical and practical areas, conventional delivery channels were incorporated in the curriculum structure, e.g. lectures, labwork, tutorials and workshops. However, this arguably 'traditional' approach is inadequate to cater for the fast-paced dynamism of the industry, where graduates often find themselves disconnected with current industrial settings and practices upon entering the workplace. This could be related to the rather rigid curriculum contents, organisation and delivery methods associated with the teaching and learning of technical programmes in general. In addition the curriculum review and revise processes are usually lengthy and onerous, making the positive changes inevitably outpaced by transformation of the industrial parctices. Therefore, the integration of concurrent, in-trend elements of engineering practices in the existing curriculum and syllabus is necessary to enhance the students' learning experience. Recommended by the Engineering Technology Accreditation Council (ETAC), these exercises could be categorised as 'active' and 'passive' (Fig. 1), or simply denoted as 'classroom in industry' or 'industry in classroom' approaches. Whether bringing the students out to the relevant industry for site visit and interviews, or embedding real industrial problems in final year project (FYP), case studies, feasibility studies or investigation, this 'active' engagement would allow students first hand experience of their future workplace while learning the basic tenets in the respective courses. Similarly in a 'passive' manner, industrial participation in classrooms could be arranged via talks, studies, courses, consultations and evaluation of course-based projects, industrial logbook entries as well as employment of teaching staff with strong industrial background. Incorporation of these elements of engineering practices in the University is engineering technology programmes are organised and presented in this paper to illustrate the activites crafted with the industry to narrow the gap between textbooks and real world scenarios for in-house students. Notwithstanding the room aplenty for improvement, these engagements have had a profound impact on the students' learning, especially in bridging the theory-practical gap while providing exposure to current industrial practices and technology, hence better equpping them for the industry upon graduation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teaching technical writing to engineering researchers particularly post graduate students is a demanding and complex task. Often the challenge faced by the language instructor is in having inadequate understanding on students' expected writing output which is engineering research publication. While the language instructors may find the language use aspect manageable, it is the understanding on expected writing output for engineering discipline that is a challenge; therefore, supporting language module developers to understand those expected outputs is essential and needed for the advancement in language teaching. In view on the need for the description of the targeted output which is engineering publication, this study focuses on supporting the understanding of engineering research publication specifically on drones. This study is aimed to describe the perimeter of research publication on drones written by prolific engineering writers. This paper uses bibliometric analysis method which is based on identifying the core research and authors, as well as the works that cited them. This study examines 275 research publications indexed in SCOPUS database and also investigates 1947 research publications that cited the 275 publications as reference source. The findings show that the publications are mostly articles, conference papers and reviews deriving mostly from the US, China and the UK whereas the citing documents are mostly from China, the UK and the US. This paper presents the description on the perimeter for both groups. Such description provides a ready narrative to language instructors as well as ready narratives and guidance on writing/content dimension for young scholars embarking on writing scholarly articles on drone research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Active noise control systems have become a subject of intensive worldwide research that have aroused considerable interest as being a promising solution to the problem of low-frequency noise control. Advanced real-time signal processing technologies offer opportunities that have been adopted in many active noise control industry applications, as well as in the modern urban environment where noise reduction is gaining priority status. Depending on the application, the concept of active sound control can be implemented using different control strategies. The development and application of such systems requires in-depth knowledge and theoretical analysis in the field of digital signal processing, sensor technology, adaptive control, understanding in hardware solutions for acquisition and data processing, as well as software capabilities for modeling, visualization and control of signals. Also, the construction of such a system must give an overview of the choice and characteristics of its components in terms of the impact of the elements that make it up on its accomplishment. This paper provides an insight into the engineering aspects for implementation of an active noise control system in a duct, emphasizing the technical requirements that need to be analyzed and might further affect the systems overall performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acoustic metamaterials have a wide variety of potential applications in various engineering disciplines. In many cases, the acoustic medium can be assumed to be at rest. However, for a lot of engineering applications a moving fluid is used to transport energy or substances, or to perform mechanical work. For those cases, acoustic waves are advected and acoustic energy can be dissipated or generated. These effects play a significant role for the design of acoustic metamaterials. In this work, an acoustic metamaterial with a low Mach number mean flow is presented. It is an array consisting of an even number of channels. Half of them are equipped with a slow-sound metamaterial, whereas the other half has unaltered sound propagation characteristics. Thus, the resonance frequencies of the channels are shifted. This results in a phase shift in the acoustic velocity response between both types of channels for a given pressure excitation, resulting in phase cancellation. However, this effect is weakened for higher mean flow velocities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engineering knowledge representation is an important step for creating applications that can automate product development in various problem domains. This article looks at enablers and obstacles for knowledge-based engineering (KBE) systems development. The key enabler envisioned is a well-established knowledge representation language supporting extendibility and interoperability for the concepts it describes. So far the transfer of knowledge within an organzation is seen highly dependent on in-house expertise and training routines. This paper proposes selection principles for knolwedge-based engineering framework implementation for organizations, which may want to preserve and learn from their dynamically evolving knowledge. These priniciples are based on extendibility and interoperability of models, tools and techniques used within a KBE system. Having these three elements extendable and interoperable can support systematic development of a KBE system along with its adaptation to new knowledge emerging in a dedicated problem domain. This can help organizations employing KBE systems to better manage their know-how in a longer run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structural health monitoring (SHM) aims to detect or predict state changes or damages in engineering structures. In order to discriminate between various damage characteristics and locations, the SHM system requires relevant information about the structure as well as a suitable method to evaluate these. This paper explores a data-driven SHM approach that models damage processes using recurrent neural networks. As model input data, the machine learning algorithm uses sequential frequency domain data at consecutive steps during the advancing damage process. From the change in transfer functions that occurs during structural changes, the model derives information about the state of the monitored object. In order to discuss the potentials and limitations of this modeling approach, a simple bolted structure with non-trivial changes in the frequency response is employed. A gradual damage process is simulated by incrementally loosening one of the joints. The resulting sequences of transfer functions are used as input to the recurrent neural network model and related to the respective preload force. By varying the data sequences used for model training and application, the functioning of the modeling process is investigated. The possibility of inversely learning from the model about damage indicators by analyzing effective input values is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drying is a simultaneous heat and mass transfer operations where heat input from the dryer is supplied to the product to facilitate moisture diffusion from the interior of the product to the surface and it is eventually removed through evaporation. Modelling of drying processes can be carried out by using empirical, theoretical and reaction engineering approaches. Empirical (including semi-empirical) modelling uses thin layer models (Newton, Page, logarithmic and etc.) that can be fitted to any experimental drying data via regression analyses. It is simple to use but lacks theoretical justification. On the other hand, theoretical model uses classical Fick's second law and heat conduction models which is more realistic and fulfill major theoretical considerations in a typical drying operation. Through advancement in drying research, reaction engineering approach enables a normalized activation energy curve is developed from a single accurate drying experiment to predict the moisture content and temperature profiles during drying. This paper attempts to provide a mini review on the above modelling approaches and also to compare the benefits/drawbacks when come to practical use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research generally refers to a search for knowledge. It is a quest seeking the truth, moving from known to unknowns and discovers new or novel facts. Research is a common thing in our daily life. We do many kinds of research in our daily life to understand a certain fact or to help in decision makings. This write-up is the peel of research for a sound understanding of the basics of research especially in engineering studies. The objectives and motivations leading to research have been discussed together with types of research available. An appropriate research process, especially for engineering studies which are essentially important are also discussed here. The differences between research method and methodology also have been highlighted in this paper to ensure their respective significant attributes are well understood in conducting a research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

South Africa has an urgent need for qualified technical and mechanical people. Technical disciplines are encouraged in public schools to fulfil this requirement. Teachers are also in an environment that is becoming increasingly litigious. Technology teachers may be forced to pay greater attention to managing safety and security as legal liability for harm caused during activities in school workshops is expected to increase. The safety of all students is a crucial component in schools. Effective teaching and learning can be improved in workshop areas where learner safety, or "Geborgenheit", is generated. The security of students while they participate in activities is the responsibility of the Mechanical Technology teacher. For school workshops, an efficient safety policy must be created to reduce the danger of injuries and harm to students. The primary method for reducing and preventing injuries and making sure that the teacher or school is not held accountable for damage, is a purposeful policy. The empirical investigation used a mixed research methodology, where Mechanical Technology teachers quantitatively and qualitatively assessed the management of security in school workshops. Data were triangulated (analytically, narratively, and discussed), and conclusions and suggestions were formed. The results show that teachers are unaware of their legal obligation to take care of students and are under-informed on delictual liability and education law. Due to the complexity of today's society, all participants in the education industry must recognize that understanding the legal and technological facets of the field is not only important, but also ought to be made essential. [For the complete Volume 21 proceedings, see ED629259.]

In the field of aircraft aerodynamic design and optimization, the use of surrogate models has emerged as a powerful tool for reducing computational costs. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are one of the highest computational expenses of developing a digital twin for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). In order to mitigate this expense, this study aims to evaluate the properties of Gaussian Process Regression algorithms in comparison to N-dimensional linear interpolators and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for use in the creation of a digital twin for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). An experimental analysis was conducted utilizing actual aerodynamic data from CFD simulations of a vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) UAV. The results of this study indicate that Gaussian Process Regressors (GPRs) are the most suitable choice for estimating aerodynamic coefficients as a function of roll, pitch, and yaw angles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The survival of multinational corporations today and in the future is premised on their competitive edge in effectively deploying modern optimization tools in providing utility and services to clients. This research studies the applications of process optimization in the valve procurement life cycle of the engineering unit of an offshore corporation. A forensic audit into the operations of this multi-disciplinary corporation with varied processes targeted at achieving optimization goals reveals cases of inefficiencies in personnel utilization and cost management. These show up in duplication of personnel effort and inefficient cost burdens. Employing the excellent tools within the lean six sigma framework, analysis of the manufacturers and cost combinations were carried out on 9,145 valves procured between January 2017 and January 2020. The results indicate huge cost variations of over 50% of valve mean price of similar valve types and sizes with resulting loss of cost-saving opportunities for the period under consideration. Process inefficiencies were established, such as unnecessary duplication of the process step of contacting the valve original manufacturer for a quote, inadequate rigour in price negotiation, and unnecessary features requested during valve specification. The outcome of this study corrects these inefficiencies, improves opportunities, and makes recommendations such as the need for all manufacturer engagements to be multi-party that involves the end-user, supply chain group, and approvers to eliminate rework and checkmate opportunities for racketeering. These establish cost-effectiveness and resource efficiency in the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many unpredictable events make risk management a topic of discussion to avoid losses that affect organizational performance. Many studies have been conducted on risk management maturity, but research on risk maturity models to measure organizational risk is still limited. Therefore this study aims to answer several questions related to the application and maturity of risk management by using a systematic literature review of 30 literatures. There are three stages in conducting a Systematic Literature Review namely planning, screening and analysis. Based on the review, bibliographic summaries, detailed case studies, objectives and scope and maturity models were obtained. It was found that the application field that has the highest average risk maturity level is project management followed by supply chain management and the lowest is management information system. Maturity level consists of 5 levels. The results of measuring the risk maturity level show that most of the research is only at levels 1, 2, and 3. Several variables need to be added to the maturity risk model, such as continuous improvement, time, and quality. It is recommended to use the Living Engineering Process (LEGO) Approach and sensitivity analysis in processing and developing a risk maturity model for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]