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This study aims, through experimental works, to develop a new and sustainable binder by reusing two waste materials, namely waste paper slag ash (WPSA) and granite dust (GD) to stabilize fine-grained soil and reduce the environmental impacts resulting from improper disposal in addition to reducing the use of cement and lime in soil stabilization. The soil utilized in this research was obtained from a site near 80th Street in Babylon Provence. The experimental works included sieve and hydrometer analysis, consistency limits, compaction test, and unconfined compression strength test at 3, 7, and 28 days of curing. Various binary blended binders derived from mixing of WPSA and GD at different proportions; 10:0, 7.5:2.5, 5:5, 2.5:7.5, and 0:10 were utilized. These binary blended binders were mixed with the virgin soil at 10% in the samples testing procedure. The results showed that the use of the mixture containing GD alone resulted in a reduction in the LL, PL, and PI, and when increase the percentage of WPSA in the mixture, LL and PL were increased while PI decreased. Moreover, the maximum dry density of the treated soil increased with the use of GD, however, it decreased significantly after the employing WPSA in the binder used. As per the outcomes of the compressive strength test, it was shown that the use of the mixture WPG0 that contains (100% WPSA) gave the highest compressive strength, which is equivalent to 14 times of that for the virgin soil after 28 days of curing. The strength then dropped with increasing the percentage of granite dust in the mixture. However, mixtures contained both of WPSA and GD exhibited acceptable compressive strength throughout the time of curing as the results indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study was conducted in Al-Zafaraniya area, southeast of Baghdad, on the Al-Rusafa side, and is one of the largest residential sectors within Baghdad, with a population of about 650,000 and characterized by deferent activities. Four sampling sites were selected, and codes A, B, C, and D were given to represent site-1 industrial activity sites, site-2 service workshops, site-3 commercial activity, and site-4 residential areas, respectively. Street dust particles samples were collected using wooden tools and paper bags, three points were selected from each site, the samples were mixed, and 1 kg was taken to separate and analyze molecules, nature forms, composition, and interaction between their sources. The results of mechanical separation by vibrating soil sieve showed that these remaining consist of several sizes and weight categories resulting from the following form (greater than 2000, 2000, 1000, 500, 250, 150, and less than 53) μm and (108.90, 118.63, 219.88, 191.93, 32.16, 247.58, 3.96) g/kg, respectively. Laboratory tests using polarized microscope technology showed that dust particle components varied from artificial, organic, inorganic, minerals, synthetics substances, and biological residents. When examining the forms of its, they appeared to be different shapes as well as stellar, needles and serrated shapes, sharp angles, and irregular edges, as well as the usual spherical and smooth-edged soil particles. When comparing the values of the 7th category, which constitutes the danger reservoir between the street dust particles because it can turn into suspended and accumulated dust, we find that its values (A 4.8, B 2.86, C 1.2, and D 7.0g/kg) hence find that, the highest value (7.0 g) was recorded in the residential site-D, and this gives an indication that the wastes of other sites move to the residential sites and accumulate in them in large quantities, which exposes the public health and components of the ecosystem to many risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mining defines the process of mineral extraction from various source throughout the earth deposit, but it has a drawback of dust generation. There are so many parameters of dust particle in which the matter of 10 microns are incredibly so much harmful. The heavy dust particles are from size range in 2.5µm to 10µm, in which the upper exposure of PM10 particle may results several health hazards such as respiratory system disability, carcinogen, silicosis, heart failure strokes and premature death may happen because of PM10. The PM10 happens due to so many mining actions like as different method of drilling, loading od waste and minerals, blasting at different mine zone, transportation of material at the time of mineral extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a review on the Adhesive joints, its applications, preparation, types of failures, joints configuration and many other experiments performed in the past, using adhesives will be discussed. Data is collected from all the previous research papers, books and other resources to update the new approaches on adhesive joints. Adhesive bonding is the permanent joining technique, where adhesive is applied in between the two materials to form a bond. Adhesives are widely used in many areas like aerospace structures, transportation, electronic components, furniture, footwear and many other things which we use in our daily life. Single lap joints (SLJ) and double lap joints(DLJ) are most commonly used. Behavior of adhesives can be affected by external factors such as temperature, curing, joint geometry and other will decrease the strength of the adhesive if proper care is not taken. To overcome the environmental effects such as moisture content, temperature, dust particles on the joint bonding a detail study will be performed, to update new methodologies which are discovered in the recent times. Nano particles are also widely used with adhesives which helps the composite to get more resistance to fight with failure factors. Performance of adhesives with and without nanoparticles, selection of adhesives, selection of Nano particles will be also covered in this paper which helps to perform future experiments easily with a reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Free-Space Optics (FSO) is an emerging technology that plays a vital role in the future of wireless connectivity, it differs from radio frequencies (RF) in several ways. FSO offers high bandwidth at a low-cost ratio, is immune to electromagnetic interference, operates in an unregulated spectrum, provides enhanced security, and is easier to install and deploy. The main challenge with FSO networks is atmospheric disturbances such as fog, dust particles, smog, rain, and snow, which can make them inaccessible and unreliable in poor weather conditions. This paper examines how Istanbul's unique climatic conditions affect FSO communications, including attenuation from geometry, molecules, atmospheric scintillation, fog, rain, and snow, where Istanbul's strategic location between the two continents Asia and Europe makes it a key hub for data transfer worldwide. To obtain accurate results, meteorological data such as visibility, rain, snow, wind speed, and altitude were acquired from a 4-year archive (January 2020–December 2023) obtained from the Istanbul Meteorological Agency (ATATURK, TU) via the Visual Crossing Company. Based on the analysis results, it was found that Istanbul offers good weather, and the average visibility stays between 11 and 12 km throughout the year. It has the highest annual average visibility and the lowest attenuation values with 0.741 and 0.339 dB/km, respectively. Moreover, the minimum visibility was measured as 3.6 km and the maximum attenuation was 3.27 and 1.9 dB/km for the optical signal wavelengths of 850 nm and 1550 nm, respectively. It should be noted that rainfall occurs on approximately half of the days of the year in Istanbul. The maximum average rainfall rate is 8.78 mm/hr, with an attenuation of 4 dB/Km. However, in 2022, the highest rainfall rate ever recorded in Istanbul was 73.22 mm/hr, with an attenuation of 16 dB/Km. This study will allow us to comprehend and evaluate optical communications in Istanbul's free space, as well as the challenges that it will confront. In order to achieve precise and satisfactory outcomes, the OptiSystem software was utilized to implement Free Space Optical Communication Link (FSOCL), while the MATLAB software was employed to analyze the impact of weather conditions on the channel's performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed estimation some immunoglobulins, blood pressure and lung function tests in workers at Kufa cement factory. The study consisted measure some immunoglobulins, blood pressure and lung function tests in workers at Kufa cement factory in 45 non-smoker male workers employed in kufa cement factory mean duration of employment 15.953±0.873 years and 45 persons unexposed as control. The workers were divided into three groups according to the type of job: cement mill, kiln and packing workers. The paper elucidated that there was a significant elevation (P ≥ 0.05) total serum of IgE in cement mill workers compared with the control group and kiln, packing workers. The study also illustrated that significant decline (P ≥ 0.05) in FVC, FEV1, FEF, FEF 25-50% and PEFR of cement workers in comparison with the control subjects. Also, in current study revealed that a significant reduction (P ≥ 0.05) in FVC of cement mill workers in compared with kiln and packing workers. The results indicated that there was no significant increment in blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) of cement workers compared with control. Conclusion the study recorded that workplace exposure of cement particulate in different departments in kufa cement plant caused negative impacts on immunoglobulins, blood pressure and lung function tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In most of the imaging applications the camera is placed in outdoor conditions with the lens open to the environment. Example, cameras installed on the buildings for surveillance, cameras fitted on cars that are open to the environment for ADAS applications, camera for flight passengers to view outside scenes on the fly etc. One of the most challenging problems in such scenarios is that the dust particles may easily form a partially or fully occluding layer on the camera lenses and block vision. There are more challenging scenarios like the presence of wind, rain, mist, sun glare etc. which can also lead to false imaging algorithm results. The purpose of this paper is to solve this problem efficiently by detecting dirt/dust if presents on the lens. This is helpful to stop the system functioning instead of providing misleading results. This application is more essential for safety critical applications like ADAS where the accurate real time detection of objects must happen. Proposed approach has more than one algorithm like edge analysis, inter frame analysis, edge strength analysis etc. to produce accurate result for dust/dirt detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In most of the imaging applications the camera is placed in outdoor conditions with the lens open to the environment. Example, cameras installed on the buildings for surveillance, cameras fitted on cars that are open to the environment for ADAS applications, camera for flight passengers to view outside scenes on the fly etc. One of the most challenging problems in such scenarios is that the dust particles may easily form a partially or fully occluding layer on the camera lenses and block vision. There are more challenging scenarios like the presence of wind, rain, mist, sun glare etc. which can also lead to false imaging algorithm results. The purpose of this paper is to solve this problem efficiently by detecting dirt/dust if presents on the lens. This is helpful to stop the system functioning instead of providing misleading results. This application is more essential for safety critical applications like ADAS where the accurate real time detection of objects must happen. Proposed approach has more than one algorithm like edge analysis, inter frame analysis, edge strength analysis etc. to produce accurate result for dust/dirt detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oman has made serious efforts to convert industrial waste into usable building materials. Ordinary concrete has demonstrated a lack of strong mechanical characteristics during compacting, such as honeycombing and segregation. Earlier studies have produced inventive concrete from recycled waste elements with success. Research have also shown that self-compacted concrete is the best way to achieve durable concrete and overcome the aforementioned problems. One such item found in Oman's industrial waste is quarry dust. In this study, experimental research is done to see if waste powder made from quarrying could be used to make self-compacting concrete. The primary goals of this paper are to create SCC mixes with quarry dust that satisfy the standards for workability and compare the compressive strength of the created SCC to the control mix. Self-compacted concrete was designed in three different mixes, Mix-A, Mix-B, and Mix-C, and the outcomes were compared to the Control Mix. Since the control mix contains no quarry dust, it is proposed that it replace 10%, 20%, and 30% of the fine aggregates in the mix. According to EFNARC requirements, the suggested SCC mix designs were tested for viability, including flow ability through slump flow and slump flow at T500 and segregation resistance through V-funnel. Using 150x150x150 mm cubes, all mixtures underwent compressive strength testing in accordance with the BS standard testing procedure. In contrast to the control mix, which completely failed the slump flow test, the results demonstrate that all SCC mix designs have met the stipulated workability criteria of flow ability of 671mm, 679mm, and 702mm for Mix-A, Mix-B, and Mix-C, respectively. Through the V-funnel test, Mix-C has demonstrated the best segregation resistance. With an average compressive strength of 48.8 MPa, Mix-B has proven to be the most effective mix among the three recommended designs. It also has the highest compressive strength of any mix, including the control mix. While the Control Mix, Mix-A, and Mix-C have attained respective pressures of 48.1, 46.1, and 38.6 MPa. The study finds that employing quarry dust in place of fine aggregates can successfully produce SCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The idea of the research revolves around the use of by-products of industries (cement kiln dust, fly ash) and their consumption in production of a binder using in manufacture of sustainable concrete with good specifications that exceed the specifications of Portland cement concrete. On the other hand, reducing the manpower, using equipment and tools in casting or compacting of concrete is another factor of sustainability. In this paper, the possibility of using cement kiln dust (CKD) as a percentage of fly ash in the production of alkali activated self-compacting concrete (AASCC) and its effect on the fresh properties, compressive and splitting tensile strength of the resulting concrete was studied., It was observed that the replacement ratios of cement kiln dust CKD instead of fly ash did not affect the workability properties for resulting concrete, where the proportion of (10%) of CKD replacement caused increase in compressive and tensile strengths about 5%, while, (20, 30)% caused decrease in the compressive and splitting tensile strengths about (30, 44)% respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a study of aspiration efficiency of local exhaust devices approached by an incident flow of dust-laden air. Known past studies dedicated to determining the aspiration efficiency of a circular pipe facing a flow of dust-air mixture include. In contrast, our study is concerned with a more general problem: given a stream of dustladen air approaching a local exhaust device in the form of a circular exhaust hood, we determine aspiration efficiency as a function of exhaust hood length and tilt angle, incident airflow velocity, and terminal velocity of dust particles. Using the method of discrete vortices, a mathematical model of the motion of dust particles in the flow in front of a circular exhaust hood with an axis of symmetry perpendicular to the acceleration vector of gravity is developed, taking into account the formation of two vortex zones at the entrance to the hood, the initial velocity and direction of emission of dust particles. The dependences of the capture range of dust particles formed at different heights above the impenetrable plane on the following parameters are determined: air flow velocity at the exhaust orifice; initial velocities o dust particles and it's terminal velocity; exhaust hood flange lengths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to address what types of protection can be applied to galvanic elements and batteries that are used in potentially explosive atmospheres. In order to keep electrical equipment in operation in environments with potentially explosive atmospheres under harsh conditions, including galvanic elements and batteries, a certain type of protection must be applied for safe operation. The types of protection applied to galvanic elements and batteries are made in accordance with EN 60079-0 and in compliance with the requirements of the ATEX directive - 2014-34 EU. Galvanic cells and batteries in order to be used in potentially explosive environments must meet certain conditions, namely: All galvanic cells in a battery must have the same electrochemical system, design and rated capacity, and must be made by the same manufacturer, All batteries must be installed and used so as to be within the permissible limits defined by the galvanic cell or battery manufacturer, Primary and secondary galvanic cells or batteries must not be used within the same equipment enclosure if they are easily interchangeable. The technical standard EN 60079-0 applies to all electrical equipment and covers factors directly related to the types of protection applied to electrical equipment operating in hazardous areas where the hazard may be caused by gases, vapours, mist, dust, fibres or flammable substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we simulated and investigated microwave heating of biochar containing electric arc furnace dust spherical pellet. The influence of the distribution of components within pellet on the effectiveness of microwave heating was investigated as well as the influence of biochar conductivity. We considered the interaction of pellet with both plane wave in free space and with H10 mode wave in a single-mode waveguide. In addition, effective permittivity and permeability of EAF dust in one of the possible compositions, and of biochar – EAF dust powders mixture depending on the volume fraction of EAF dust were calculated according to effective medium approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Solar Photovoltaic panel cleaning technology can considerably increase the efficiency of generated electricity and also increase the durability of solar panels. The various cleaning methods, such as electrostatic cleaning system, super hyperbolic coating methods, mechanical method, microcontroller based automatic cleaning method, self-cleaning nanodomes and various characteristics of dust particles are discussed in this study. This study demonstrates the various cleaning methods of solar photovoltaic panels. Much research has been done on these methods and many papers have been published, particularly on Martian and lunar mission. The methods were either mechanical or electronica in concepts or both. By analyzing various systems in this study , some of them are shown to be in practice and many are under research. From the analysis and comparison in this study , the best method was the electrostatic cleaning method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Providing housing units with livability and suitable facilities that can be an appropriate shelter for citizens is one of the main concerns of planners and officials. The problems of lack of access to standard and viable housing units in Iraq that faced major social and economic crises, war and terrorism, are more tangible. This paper tries to examine this problem by comparative, descriptive, field, questionnaire, and laboratory methods. For this purpose, 154 residential units, which are located in 17 residential sectors of south Malta neighborhood in Duhok city were evaluated, and some criteria considered in the present study includes 1-the quality of the buildings, 2-garbage and specks of dirt and stagnant waters, 3-lighting of the passages, 4-smoke and dust, 5-crowd and traffic and voice, 6-having yard or balcony or good landscape or green area, 7-animals and insects, bad odors, 8-access to transport networks. The main aim of this paper is to reveal the disproportion and uniformity of residential sectors and inappropriate residential sectors of Malta neighborhoods using TOPSIS. The Order Performance technique by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) model was ArcGIS were used for analysis and assessment. Shannon entropy was used for weighting criteria which showed that the Smoke and dust, animals and insects, and bad odors had the highest importance in analysis with a weight of 0.178, and 0.168 respectively. The residential unit with number 30 was the best and the most viable building with the highest Ci score (0.361). Residential unit 64 with a Ci of 0.150 was the least appropriate. In general, the west and northwest buildings of the Malta Neighborhood were more suitable for living in. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main objectives, which must be achieved in the compound feed production process, is the alignment to the imposed regulations by European Union regarding quality, safety and environment protection. In order to reach this goal, the compound feed factories need to be equipped with high-performance installations, which be endowed with special filters that can retain particles released by cooling systems for granulated finite product, with a high degree of automation and computerization, which allows permanent updating of the working parameters to meeting the protection norms for both the hired personnel and the environment. In this paper it is presented the experimental research carried out in the final stage of the combined fodder production process, when the cooling of the granules that are to be packaged with the help of the air jet produces the detachment of small particles forming fine powders which are released in the atmosphere. That is why the dust eliminated by the cooling systems must be monitored permanently so that dust concentrations can be maintained between limits allowed by the European legislation. The direct measurements have been conducted at a compound feed factory that produces different sorts of nourishment for Broiler chickens. The dust concentration levels obtained after the conducted measurements indicated the good functioning of the working installations and of the filters, with keeping within the limits of environmental protection imposed by the European Union norms in force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar photovoltaic (PV) modules are essential for producing electricity with little maintenance and development expenditures. The power generation and operational performance are degraded when dust gathers on the PV module's surface. In the current study, the heating season was used to evaluate the amount of dust that had accumulated on the PV front cover glass. The research was done in Tirupati, India, to examine how airborne dust particles changed over time on PV modules. Over the course of five weeks throughout the heating season, dust that had accumulated on identical PV modules over varying exposure times was collected. The details of the photovoltaic modules and a summary of the meteorological data are discussed in this paper. The result shows that the average particle deposition density and dust accumulation rate for the heating season varies from 26.92 to 42.53 mg m−2 and 3.48 to 6.07 mg m−2, respectively. The elemental analysis reveals that the majority of the dust sample's composition is made up of C, O, and Si components, with Br and Tm components found at trace levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accumulation of the metallurgical waste stimulates development of the recycling technologies. The paper investigates the chemical and phase composition of the particular electric arc furnace (EAF) dust which is formed in the gas cleaning system during steel smelting from scrap. It was found that the main components of the EAF dust under study are ZnFe2O4, ZnO, CaCO3, SiO2 and KCl. The XRD phase analysis showed that the prevailing phase is zinc ferrite ZnFe2O4 (62 %). The thermodynamic analysis was carried out using TERRA software. According to modeling, the iron reduction proceeds sequentially ZnFe2O4 – Fe3O4 −FeO–Fe in the temperature range from 500 to 700 °C. Above 510 °C ZnFe2O4 decomposes with formation of ZnO and Fe3O4. Zinc oxide is intensively reduced in the temperature range from 800 to 900 °C passing into the gas phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the physical processes of fuel combustion that affect the implementation of the concept of smart dust in the monitoring of thermal power plants. The importance of studying physical phenomena that affect the behavior of smart dust is shown, while ensuring the information reliability of production and environmental monitoring of thermal power plants. The article notes that the physical process of burning prepared fuel at thermal power plants is the main process that has the greatest impact on the environment. In this regard, for this physical process, it is necessary to monitor production and environmental indicators using smart dust. The paper presents the concept of using smart dust to analyze the physical process of fuel combustion, analyzes the TPP facilities that provide fuel combustion, gives their meaningful description and temperature characteristics. A new model of the physical process of fuel combustion of a thermal power plant is proposed, on the basis of which, following the concept of smart dust, a network of many miniature devices (motes) is able to evaluate the generalized quality criterion of this physical process for n-1 inputs and evaluate the allowable range of values of the n-th parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soft soils usually have shear strength values less than 200 kpa such as clay, silty clay, clayey sand, and soft organic clay. The presence of soft soils in engineering sites requires immediate remediation, which is either altering the site, or removing and replacing the existing soil. These solutions are not always applicable. Hence, other methods are needed which soil stabilization one of them. Soil stabilization is the modification of the physical and geotechnical properties of the weak, and soft soil either mechanically by compaction or chemically using chemical stabilizers. This paper presents a comprehensive review on the stabilization of soft soils by utilizing sustainable stabilizers which are waste and by-product materials such as ground granulated blast slag (GGBS), activated GGBS and cement kiln dust (CKD). These stabilizers are utilized as replacement to the traditional binders (cement and lime). The results indicate that GGBS alone gives only a slight enhancement because of the glassy phase of this material. Nevertheless, activation of GGBS by other materials improves the physical and geotechnical characteristics of soft soils substantially while the use of CKD gave remarkable enhancement to the soft soil characteristics. The physical properties are evaluated by Atterberg limits and compaction parameters, and the geotechnical characteristics are evaluated by the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the present time, most researchers have tended to achieve the principle of sustainability in terms of cost reduction in addition to reducing and limiting environmental problems and preserving natural resources through the use of some modified materials and materials that achieve all of the above. Therefore, this research paper aims to study the effect of addition of both ordinary Portland cement and waste (natural marble powder) on the performance of cold mix asphalt (CMA) instead of limestone powder (LD) as a filler. Those CMA mixtures were improved through two stages: the first stage of development included the use of OPC as filler instead of the traditional mineral filler, and in three doses i.e., 2, 4, and 6 % of the total weight of the aggregate. While the second stage of development included the use of Natural Marble Dust (NMD) with 2% OPC with three percentages i.e., 2, 4, 6 % of the total aggregate weight to indicate, the optimum proportions to be compared with the OPC which was used alone and reference filler. All samples were subjected to indirect tensile strength test at a temperature of 25ͼC for four treatment periods i.e., 1, 3, 7, and 30 days. The samples were also tested to indicate ITS at a treatment period of 7 days with different temperatures i.e., 25, 40, and60 ͼC as well. A Marshall test was also performed to indicate the stability for the produced mixtures. The results showed that the use of 6% of OPC contributed to improving the mechanical properties of the mixture and increasing its strength compared to the percentages of 2 and 4% of using OPC as well as when using LD in all tests. In addition, the best results for the ITS test were achieved at the lowest temperature of 25ͼC. The use of NMD waste improved the strength of the mixture in all tests significantly and distinctly compared to the use (2, 4) % of OPC and as well as when used LD. Where the current study found the possibility of adopting using of (2% OPC plus 4% NMD) as optimal filler ratios used to improve the properties of CMA in order to achieve best mixture by means of mechanical properties and sustainability as well as economic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The removal and collection of dust particles from the air discharged into the atmosphere by industrial plants processing, transporting and storing dusty materials is an important objective for employers to prevent air pollution according to environmental legislation and employee safety regulations. Where the dust in question is flammable and may generate an explosive atmosphere, measures must be taken to prevent explosion and/or limit the effects of explosion. To this end, proper assessment of the risk of explosions is essential in order to determine the effectiveness of the measures implemented and/or the need to take additional measures. As there is no specific assessment method for the risk of explosions in dust/air explosive atmospheres, various bodies/persons have developed their own more or less comprehensive assessment methods. In the paper are presented some important aspects included in the assessment procedure applied by us for the evaluation of the risk of explosions in dust removal systems with emphasis on the development of laboratory tests to determine the explosive characteristics of explosive air/flammable dust mixtures as well as on the constructive solutions to limit the effects of possible explosions. It highlights the importance of the competence of persons involved in the design, installation, maintenance and inspection of installations regarding the application of standards, guidelines and legislation in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is necessary to understand the factors that influence PV power output to predict it in the short and long term. By tabulation and graphical explanation, this paper explores the impact of temperature and dust deposition on PV panel performance by evaluating the performance of a PV panel 120Wp. This experiment was conducted at Al-Nasiriyah city (31°03' N, 46°16' E), environmental variables include those variables. Solar radiance, the temperature of the module, accumulation of dust. In January, the solar panel tested the effect of temperature, and dust on the output power and its performance. At 180˚ south, and 45˚ elevation, the solar panel is omitted. The results show that the solar panel operates at maximum efficiency reached 14.97 % during the month. The reduction in power due to the dust accumulated after 15 days of exposure to environmental conditions was 5%..The photovoltaic (PV) panel performance is affected by high cell temperatures. The settlement of dust on panel surfaces may or not be uniform depending on environmental factors such as ambient temperature, wind, and rainfall. It is very important to investigate the influence of dust settlement on the operating characteristics of PV panels, to better understand the losses in performance attributed to soiling. The current-voltage (I-V) Characteristics of the PV panel reveal extensive information to support the degradation analysis of the panel. This paper attempts to understand performance losses in (I-V) characteristics under varying dust deposition are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we present a case study regarding a desert dust intrusion over Central and Eastern Europe in 5th of April 2021, observed using a multi-wavelength Raman and depolarization LIDAR system operated in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. This type of system meets the requirements of the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network – EARLINET and is suitable to provide reliable data on optical parameters for aerosol characterization. While mineral aerosols are the second largest source of aerosol and are the subject of long range transport, their observations are of utmost importance for improving the understanding of climate, weather, particle transport and air quality. Besides the Lidar system used to identify the dust layers, we also used HYSPLIT and BSC DREAM models to estimate the source of the long-range transported aerosol. Ground-based observations from research sites located in Slovakia and Poland were also used to determine and better characterize the optical and microphysical properties of the same Saharan dust outbreak. Based on the synergy of multiple ground-based and models, the results confirmed the presence of a Saharan dust intrusion over the mentioned area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steel manufacturing process may produce waste such as slag, sludge, dust and mill scale. Since it is an unavoidable waste, the abundance of their production is becoming an environmental concern regarding the high rise of solid waste from the industry. There has been some well-known utilization of slag usage in the industry in handling the waste such as in road construction, cementing material as well as sorbent material. These past years had witnessed the ever-growing interest in the slag incorporation into geopolymer product due to their flexibility of the raw material range that makes incorporation of metallurgical slag waste possible. Thus, this paper seeks to review about the utilization of metallurgical slag waste into geopolymer product. The review focusing on the methodology, chemistry and the resulting properties of the geopolymers. Therefore, the paper will highlight on the characterizations of both raw materials and final product in terms of their microstructural, crystalline phase present and functional groups. Moreover, factors affecting the final product properties such as the alkali concentration, type of alkali, curing temperature, weight ratio and other factors that are mostly discussed by previous researchers are also critically reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dust storm considers a new influence on free space optical communication (FSOC) link. It is referred to the suspended particle in the atmosphere at the desert environment. A few information about dust storm imposes on us to explore the dust effect on the performance of (FSOC). This paper investigated the realization of FSO link under dust situations and take into account the effect of dust concentration. Some of the metrics used for the assessment of system including received optical power, channel capacity, signal to noise ratio (SNR), bit error rate (BER). It has been found that dust is a severe deterioration that give rise to the link decay under high concentration of dust. Moreover, we noted that the system suffers from working for the long optical link. The increase in the concentration of dust makes the visibility of weather is low, this reason leads to an increase in errors of transmitter data. Furthermore, the system can be work with efficient channel capacity. Therefore, dust can be deem as the decadence optical link in FSO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The peak of energy demand, oil prices, and impending climate change are critically driving the adoption of solar photovoltaic (PV) as a sustainable, renewable and less impact energy alternative. The installation of PV systems for optimum yield is primarily dictated by its geographic location (latitude and available solar insolation), and installation design (tilt angle, orientation, and altitude) to maximize solar exposure. Once these parameters have been addressed appropriately, there are other externalities that contribute to the system performance (efficiency and output). Dust is a major factor that significantly influences the performance of the PV systems. Although substantial time and money have been invested in PV systems to increase efficiency, a far less time and money have been invested to address dust deposition on such systems. This paper provides an overview of soiling problems; primarily those associated with dust or sand and combined dust-moisture conditions that are associated with many of the most solar-rich geographic locations in the United States. It reviews and evaluates key contributions to the understanding, performance effects, and mitigation of these problems. More specifically, the paper reviews the impact of dust deposition on the performance of solar PV and identifies challenges to further research in this area. It highlights the status of research over seven decades of effort. Based on the research studies, the research outcome presents recommendations to guide in identifying the appropriate cleaning/maintenance cycle for PV systems. This is aligned with the prevalent climatic and environmental conditions in the United States' climatic zones based on ASHRAE classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The activity of evaluation and verification of industrial ventilation installations has a strong preventive role in terms of explosion risk mainly due to the fact that of the three determining elements that can lead to an explosion phenomenon, ventilation installations can determine the presence of two elements namely the presence of fuel (gases, vapors, dusts, mists) and the source of initiation (hot surface, flame, sparks of mechanical origin, electrical sparks, static electricity, etc.). The development of experimental systems on which particular hazardous aspects that may occur during the operation of industrial ventilation systems can be studied are vital to avoid dangerous situations in the current operation of ventilation installations.Knowledge of the dynamics of formation of explosive / toxic / asphyxiating environments is achieved by analyzing explosive mixtures in relation to specific explosive intervals and is one of the most important priorities in ensuring optimal health and safety at work in industrial activities.The information obtained by analyzing the dynamics of the formation of explosive / toxic / asphyxiating atmospheres is extremely useful for personnel responsible for health and safety at work, because with their help relevant decisions can be made to ensure safety and health conditions. at the level of industrial premises.The paper presents some experimental equipment usable for the study of industrial ventilation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dust emissions from industrial enterprises are often treated as total suspended particles (TSP); and they also quite often contain a wide range of chemical components. Among these components rather hazardous admixtures can be found, such as heavy metals, benzpyrene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, etc. Structure of emissions in terms of admixtures contained in them is determined by raw materials applied at a specific production, production technologies, structure of an end product, etc. Being suspended, chemical components travel long distances; when dusts deposit, these components transform natural soil structures, influence geoecological parameters of biocenosis, etc. Calculation techniques that are applied in Russia to estimate emissions quite often combine all solid emissions into just total suspended particles (TSP) without any identification of toxic components that occur in their structure. In some cases this neglect of hazardous admixtures doesn’t allow correct estimating and predicting a geoecological situation in a zone influenced by emissions. The research goal was to suggest a procedure for geoecological situation prediction basing on an estimate of component and disperse structure of dusts contained in emissions from certain industrial objects; the procedure involved building up a typical “profile” of estimated emissions. The research involved using the following data and techniques: morphology and structure of particles were determined via electronic microscopy performed with a scanning high resolution microscope (magnification varied from 5 to 300,000 times) with S3400N “HITACHI” x-ray fluorescent detachable device. Chemical structure was determined via x-ray phase analysis of samples performed with XRD-700 “Shimadzu” x-ray diffractometer. The accomplished researched verified industrial dusts being poly-disperse and multicomponent. The paper contains examples of chemical structures typical for dust emissions. Study on morphological properties revealed that solid particles contained in emissions from various technological operations had diverse shapes. These properties give an opportunity to enrich an evidential base applied in assessing impacts exerted by an economic entity on ambient air. The paper outlines complex approaches to examining qualitative structure of dusts, their morphological properties, and disperse structure. These approaches allow building up a so called “emission profile”, that is, a stable set of properties belonging to a dust emission from a specific source or, in some cases, from a whole enterprise. Application of this approach gives an opportunity to reliably estimate impacts exerted by a given enterprise on ambient air; to correctly determine zones exposed to specific (marker) components; to determine chemicals making the most significant contributions; to perform predictive estimates of a geoecological situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we have studied creation field cosmology for perfect fluid distribution in the LRS Bianchi type II universe. To obtain universe's deterministic model, the supplementary condition between metric potential A = Bn is used which is obtained by presuming scalar expansion(θ) is proportional to shear scalar(σ) i.e. θaσ where A and B are functions of 't' alone and n is constant. In addition, other physical, and geometrical dimensions of the cosmological model are also explored in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper there is the analysis of the possibility of the replacement of onerous methods of surface treatment before adhesive bonding. In ecology approach adhesive bonding is not preferred techniques of joying parts. The joints are no separable, but nonetheless have wide range of usage. The adhesive bonding has many assets, like low mass of the joining elements (less material), possibility of joint of different materials, lack of rivets or screws (less weight). But typical preparatory operations in adhesive bonding are environmental burden. The chemicals, energy and raw materials are needed for tools, equipment and substances in manufacturing, on the work stand there is noise, and the air may by polluted by the dust or mist. The number of the negative parameters in adhesive bonding is significant. In the paper the alternative, eco-friendly method of surface pre-treatment - laser beam treatment is presented. The experimental research results are also presented - roughness profile measurement, microscopic observation of the surface state and final result - adhesive bonding, the force of join destruction was measured and static strength assessed. Additionally, the environmental and manufacturing context is presented, from waste, raw materials and energy use, noise and dust. In conclusion the laser beam surface pretreatment is presented as eco-friendly method, which can replaced traditional mechanical and chemical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars have demonstrated how gentrification and urban change produce new social and economic inequalities. "Green gentrification" is proposed as a term referring to the ways these inequalities increasingly take place through discourses of nature and sustainability. This paper examines urban environmental changes in Bayview-Hunters Point, a neighborhood in the southeastern corner of San Francisco. Based on ten years of engaged fieldwork, I show how long-time Black Bayview-Hunters Point residents live with, suffer the health consequences of, and protest the dusts of market-based redevelopment. Their experiences reveal how gentrification does not only produce social and economic inequalities, but can produce distinct forms of environmental injustice. This paper brings critical spatial theory and the "new materialisms" literature into conversation with environmental sociology, and specifically with scholarship on environmental justice. I contribute to an "intersectional environmental justice" framework (Malin and Ryder 2018) by considering the interlocking nature of race, waste, and space in the production of environmental injustices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Explosive mixtures generated in technological installations by processing, handling and storage are generally complex and in many cases cannot be assimilated with existing specific data. When ignited, they can burn rapidly and result in a considerable explosion force, when in mixture with air in proper proportions. Therefore, for establishing with certainty the requirements of the technical equipment which can be used in potentially explosive atmospheres generated by air / combustible dust mixtures, it is necessary to know the type of dust, as well as a series of parameters defining its sensitivity to ignition by different sources, defined as the minimum ignition energy – MIE. One of the ignition sources of the explosive dust / air atmosphere is electrostatic discharge. The ignition risk assessment of the explosive mixture by electrostatic discharge is done by comparing the electrostatic discharge energies with the minimum explosive atmosphere ignition - MIE. Therefore, knowledge of the minimum ignition energy of processed, transported or stored dusts in installations is very important in the process of ignition risk assessment and for establishing the measures for explosion prevention and / or protection. This paper presents a comparative study having in view the methods used for the determination of the minimum ignition energy of the air/combustible dust mixtures with different apparatus on the same types of dust. By knowing this parameter of the air/combustible dust mixtures, there can be correlated the protection / prevention measures and the safety features according to the specific application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many processes involving dusts, suspended or accumulated, have the potential to lead to fire, explosion or decomposition in the presence of oxygen and an ignition source. The risk of dust explosions increases as more and more products take the form of dusts or require the use of dusts during manufacture. In spite of extensive research and development to prevent and mitigate dust explosions in the process industries, this phenomenon continues to represent a constant hazard to industries including manufacturing, using and handling of combustible dust material. The purpose of explosion preventing and protection measures is to prevent explosion occurrence, by eliminating or avoiding the conditions leading to explosions. The dust explosion and combustion characteristics are required to be known, in order to suitably choose and draw up the preventive and protection measures. Once known, the protection/prevention measures can be correlated with the safety characteristics. The aim of this paper is to analyze of explosion and combustion characteristics of wood dust clouds in dependence of the particle size distribution. The paper shows the importance of knowing the explosive characteristics of dusts and identifying the factors of influence in obtaining the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the dust cleaning system at the construction industry, in particular, at the production of granulated foam glass ceramics. The analysis of the construction companies' activity and their harmful emissions has been carried out. The applied methods of protecting working areas from dust, their effectiveness and the need for their use in various industries have been studied. It is proposed to make changes to the dust cleaning system used in the production of granulated glass ceramic foam. To increase the degree of cleaning, it is proposed to install a Venturi scrubber instead of a cyclonic one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar photovoltaics (PV) are a major, clean alternative to fossil fuels and a crucial component of the supply of electrical energy. Temperature, wind speed, and correct installation factors like tilt angle all influence the performance of the PV model. Sand, dirt, and rock mixtures, building waste, and automobile transportation pollution are all sources of the dust that accumulates on solar photovoltaic panels. The solar panels' glass collects dust, which reduces their ability to produce Electricity. In this paper, the dust deposited on panel is mostly cleaned by Manuel methods. Mathematical model of dust Deposition on Solar panel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to silencers formed by dividing the duct with the multimode composition of sound waves into ducts with a single-mode composition along one of cross-section coordinate. The geometry of the silencer ducts fulfilled from stepped partitions allows meeting the acoustic, aerodynamic and dimensional requirements for silencers of devices that move air flows. For the silencer of the most technological layout the parameters of slotted ducts' expansion chambers were established as well as the possibility to remove dust and moisture from the silencer during operation. For the silencer with reduced aerodynamic resistance the distances between cuts of slotted ducts pushed inside the expansion chambers were revealed. Creating the conditions for single-mode sound propagation along the second cross-section coordinate provides double noise reduction by the silencer. Additional resonator system extends the frequency range of the silencer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rolling water drops takes off dust particles from lotus leaf showing self-cleaning performance. Self-cleaning effect has great importance in industry as well as in daily life. The present paper describes the preparation of self-cleaning superhydrophobic coating through simple and low cost dip coating technique. The prepared superhydrophobic surface enact as lotus leaf. Firstly TiO2 nanoparticles were dispersed in ethanol and different concentration of octadecyltrichlorosilane (ODS) was added in TiO2 dispersion. The effect of number of deposition layer on the wettability of the coating was studied. The coating prepared from five deposition layers showed contact angle higher than 150° and sliding angle less than 10°. The superhydrophobicity increases with increasing concentration of ODS. The hierarchical rough morphology which is preferable for superhydrophobicity was obtained. The prepared coatings were stable against water jet impact and showed repellent towards colored and muddy water. Such superhydrophobic coating can find enormous scope in self-cleaning application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many types of the waste are generated in industrial manufacture which are incorporated into concrete materials serving as secondary raw materials. One of these wastes is bypass dust from production of cement, which can be used as a cement supplement in cement composites. The cement composites with partial replacement of cement by the bypass dust were subjected to accelerated sulphate corrosion simulation in a special corrosion chamber during two-month period. The impact of diluted sulphate solution of pH 4 resulted in weight changes, increase in water absorption and changes in chemical composition of the composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface mining method enormously affects the environment in terms of fugitive dust emission than underground mining method. High mechanization in mining operations leads to add heavy load of dust to the surrounding area. Dust not only deteriorates the environmental air quality in and around the mining site but also creates serious health hazards. During coal mining activities, large quantities of coal dust, ashes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy metals are released into the environment, forming a complex mixture. This mixture becomes one of the most important occupational risks for the health and safety of workers due to its synergistic, additive, and enhancing effects. Coal mine workers run the risk of getting respiratory damage due to high levels of dust and other chemical particulate matters. The inhalation of hazardous substances such as coal micro-particles, nanoparticles, and its by-products constitutes an invisible risk to human health. The paper describes the sources of dust at an open pit mine and the effects of coal dust on workers and people living in the vicinity of the mine. The vast majority of dust from mining activities consists of coarse particles and particles larger than PM10, generated from natural activities such mechanical disturbance of rock and soil materials by dragline or shovel, bulldozing, blasting, and vehicles on dirt roads. Fine particles from vehicle exhausts and mobile equipment are also produced at mine sites, though they only account for about 5 per cent of the particles emitted during the mining process. Generally, it is thought that fine particles below 2.5 μm in diameter may be of a greater health concern than larger particles as they can reach the air sacs deep in the lungs. However, coarse particles could also be associated with adverse health effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Particulate Matter (PM) consist of tiny solid or liquid particles that floating freely in the air. PM10 refers to the particles which have size up to 10 microns (μm). The smaller the particle size (such as PM1), the more severe it will affect our human health if we inhaled too much into our lungs. In this paper, we used the DustTrack{trade mark, serif} Aerosol Monitor with Model 8520 to obtain the PM distribution (PM10, PM2.5 and PM1) in Penang Island. The in-situ measurement was taken on 10 August 2012 at Georgetown, Batu Ferringhi and Permatang Damar Laut open area. The data obtained was analyzed and interpreted. The results show that the dust level at Permatang Damar Laut was low as compare to the other two areas which are located in town area. The highest PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 dust level with an averaging time of 6 hours was observed at Batu Ferringhi with a reading of 200, 194 and 185μg/m3. This study can provide a guideline to detect and monitor the dust level at Penang Island. Further study can be done to monitor the temporal changes of air quality over Penang Island, Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wood has been widely used for structural and non-structural construction materials. In non-structural construction materials, wood is the main source for manufacturing of furniture, partition walls, composite boards, and etc. Intensive use of wood (e.g., for composite board) led to decreasing in wood stocks worldwide. One way to minimize the use of wood in the manufacture of composite boards is by using other renewable resources (e.g., coffee husk waste). The objective of this paper is to investigate effects of Arabica Gayo coffee husk waste and sawdust wood particles on mechanical and biodegradable properties of composite boards. The coffee husk waste were collected from milling process and then grounded to pass no. 20 mesh. Composite boards usually composed of filler and a matrix (adhesive). Three type of filler compositions used include sawdust alone, coffee husk waste alone, and a combination of both. The adhesive and filler ratio is taken as 30:70, 40:60, and 50:50 of the percent weight of composite boards. The animal adhesive type was used in this study. Samples were prepared using hot press with pressure of 30 Bar. Properties of composite boards evaluated include density, water absorption, and thickness swelling after 24 hours of immersion, static bending, and biodegradable tests. The Arabica Gayo coffee husk waste composite boards produced in this study are comparable in mechanical and biodegradable properties but higher in thickness swelling and water absorption. However, a combination of both saw dust and Arabica Gayo coffee husk waste could reduce thickness swelling development and water absorption of composite boards. Further, results of this study also showed that coffee husk waste has a great potential to be used for the composite board as a wood replacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distributed propulsion systems (DPS) are often used in modern aircraft design. Besides their benefits in terms of aerodynamic efficiency, DPS introduce complexities associated with the dynamics of the entire system. Those stem from inertia effects, such as mass-distribution, gyroscopic effects due to the rotating propellers, and from aerodynamic interactions between propellers and wing. For such a complex aeroelastic system, it is important to characterize those effects for an accurate prediction of all critical modes. To investigate the effect of aerodynamic propeller-wing interaction, particular care needs to be placed in the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) models used since the classical methods currently available are not designed for this. Any newly proposed FSI model needs to be validated with available methods to form a prerequisite for further investigations. This paper presents the comparison of a wing-propeller model analyzed with a classical flutter prediction method in frequency domain and a mid-fidelity coupled FSI method using DUST and MBDyn. The focus is on inertia coupling effects, thus the propeller model is simplified, neglecting propeller aerodynamics. Good agreement is found in flutter velocities for various configurations of the wing-propeller model, providing a basis for further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the development and validation of computational fluid dynamics modelling of dust barriers for parabolic trough plants. Two differently shaped porous barriers were simulated with a parabolic trough field of up to 25 rows. Sand and dust were introduced into the simulation and the amount that collects on each mirror row was calculated. This was done for different mirror tracking angles and also for the case of no barrier present. The effectiveness of the barriers was evaluated by comparing the reduction in the amount of soiling present on the mirror surfaces. An additional simulation of the Cranfield University wind tunnel was done, with the results compared with experimental data for validation. It has been found that the dust barriers can lead to up to 45% reduction in the soiling in the outer row, with some effect seen as far as 25 rows into the plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Workability is a function of the rheological properties of concrete which consist of stability, consistency and compatibility, it is also attributed to the physical property of a newly mixed concrete that determines the homogeneity at which a mix will be placed in form and finished without segregation of the individual materials. This paper presents an experimental work of ongoing research on the effect of two different industrial waste filler (treated alum sludge filler and limestone dust filler) on the workability of normal concrete. The alum sludge waste used in this study was waste from drinking water treatment plant. Both fillers were crushed and sieved to achieve a particle size of 45μm that was used to replace fine aggregate in different percentages 5, 10 and 15. This study was carried out in order to find the definite effect or behaviour of the two filler material on the workability of fresh concrete when used as a replacement of natural fine aggregate. Reduction in workability was observed from 10 to 15% replacement when alum sludge filler was employed in the mix, whereas limestone dust filler had better workability performance than the alum sludge. It was concluded that the addition of 400⁰C treated alum sludge with 5% replacement of fine aggregate yield similar workability behaviour with control mix and addition of 400⁰C treated alum sludge filler with 5 to 10% replacement content of fine aggregate in terms of the workability of fresh concrete is ideal and feasible to employ in concrete. Furthermore, the replacement of fine aggregate with limestone dust filler improved the workability of fresh concrete in all parameters of testing. Thus all percentage replacement content of limestone dust filler showed superior improvement in the concrete workability and said to be a good filling material for concrete when compared with the alum sludge filler. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the possibilities of using concrete dust as a partial replacement of cement binder. This dust was obtained as a by-product during the crushing of recycled concrete and therefore it is a raw material whose composition is directly dependent on the type and quality of the recycled material. The main motivation of this research was the effort to use this by-product and while contributing to reducing the environmental impact of cement production. In this research, cement was replaced with concrete dust from 0 to 50% to the cement content and after 28 days tested its compressive strength. Experiments have shown a negative effect when using concrete dust as a cement replacement. Primarily it was a high decrease in compressive strength, which was caused not only by cement replacement, but also by presence of organic substances in dust. This then resulted in foaming of the fresh mixture and subsequently a higher loss of strength. Thus, only a limited amount of concrete dust can be added to the concrete, for example to optimization of particle size distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste is not only an environmental problem, but an economic loss because Romania recycles only a small part of municipal waste. The use of atmospheric pollutant dispersion models has become necessary due to costefficiency reasons, given the limitation of fixed measuring points/stations for these pollutants. The paper studies the dispersion of PM10 dust particle pollution in the landfill’s area of influence, depending on wind direction and speed. Simulations are based on measurements of suspended particles, carried out each season, in the perimeter of the analysed ecological landfill. Based on these simulations, the landfill’s area of influence can be established and measures to reduce PM10 dust pollution can be established. Two monitoring points were selected, located in the NE, respectively SE, sides of the landfill. The months of the year in which the monitoring was carried out were chosen to cover each season, namely: February, May, August and November. The area-specific climatological data needed for the program were measured during the same period in which samples were taken. Based on these simulations, we established the area of influence for PM10 dust that is generated by activities carried out within the municipal waste deposit. We found out that this area doesn’t extend beyond the waste treatment and storage unit’s limits. Due to great distance from the village in immediate vicinity of the warehouse, the inhabited areas register no pollution with PM10 particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A ventilation system is defined by performing air exchanges between the indoor and outdoor environment with the purpose of creating environmental conditions as close to the required thermal comfort conditions. Before installing a fan, it is necessary to analyze the space in which it is to be used and the method of compensating the exhaust air (mechanically with another fan or naturally with dimensioned grids). The most important factors to consider when choosing a fan are: the volume of the space, the number of shifts per hour required depending on the destination of the space, as well as the heat release, the heat input from outside and other releases of humidity or odors. Depending on the nature of the harmful substance whose removal is sought, some ventilation systems have a specific construction and operation, namely: dust removal systems, mist removal, heat removal, deodorization, air sterilization systems. The paper will present theoretical notions regarding the industrial ventilation systems, their functioning and the principles that these systems must adhere to, in the event of harmful air releases that could endanger the health and comfort of the personnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthropic activities involve the extraction of the transformation and use of natural resources. During the process of extraction at the surface or underground of useful minerals, particles or gases resulting from the natural rocking or release from the rock mass appear in the working environment. The process of transforming useful mineral substances is carried out on the surface in enclosed enclosures, involving the use of complex technological processes. During the course of these technological processes, explosive or toxic gases, dusts, mists, dusts or dusts may be released or may enter into the atmosphere. To protect workers from underground mining works, the particles or gases produced during the extraction process are discharged into the atmosphere. Noxes of industrial nature in enclosed spaces are discharged into the atmosphere for similar reasons of worker safety. In addition, other types of anthropogenic activities are being carried out to remove pollutants into the atmosphere. The first measure to ensure optimal microclimate conditions in enclosed spaces to protect workers is to provide good ventilation. Pollutant substances found in the atmosphere can migrate over long distances reaching industrial dwellings or enclosures with fresh air introduced naturally or mechanically through ventilation systems. As a result of the exposure of short or long-term workers to toxic or explosive hazardous substances, workers may suffer from acute poisoning or occupational disease. When workers are surprised, the case of fires or explosions generated by flammable or explosive substances, the morbidity is extremely high. This paper aims to analyze explosive environments interacting with industrial ventilation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In construction are still mostly used materials with a negative impact to environment. Extraction of stocks natural resources is limited and the energy intensity of their processing is very high. Composites based on alkaline activation could be a partial alternative of these materials. These composites, based on alkali-activation of secondary products of metallurgical and energy industry achieve higher strengths then currently used binders and are also characterized by higher resistance. The paper deals with the possibility of use cement kiln dust and fly ash after denitrification by SNCR method as an admixture in alkali activated materials. In experiment, effect of using cement kiln dust and fly ash after denitrification by SNCR method on selected physical-mechanical properties and frost resistance of prepared mixtures was studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]