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The rapid development of the industrial sector has increased either energy demand or generate a tremendous effect on waste piles. To combat the issue of poor sanitation due to waste accumulation and multiply the energy sources, the government promotes energy diversification, particularly dealing with waste management. This study aims to recycle plastic waste, paper waste and sawdust into solid fuel briquettes while observing their physical and combustion properties. Briquette production is carried out by combining waste of plastics and sawdust with binding agents, such as paper pulp and cassava starch. These materials were mixed with water, being compacted and conventionally dried under the sunlight. Solid briquette was then tested for calorific value, moisture content and volatile matter to ensure the effectiveness of combustion. The results show that the modified composition of plastic and paper with the ratio of 3:1 is physically sturdy with minor cracks, has a greater calorific value of 6801.62 Cal/gr, low moisture content (4.73%) and volatile matter (5.50%). The modified composition of paper: plastic: sawdust with the ratio of 1:1:1 exhibits more sturdy stuff, with a calorific value of 4565.47 Cal/ gr, low moisture content (1.85%) but high volatile matter (34.07%). Waste conversion to solid fuel briquette can be utilized as future green energy alternative in any major cities of Indonesia. A modified mixture of plastic : paper waste is more prone to transmit the heat despite having less capability to ignite, while the mixture of sawdust : paper is more prone to ignite despite having less capability to store and dismiss the heat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous human activities and a rapidly growing world population are increasing the demand for freshwater. Fresh water production relies heavily on the use of conventional fuels and is associated with environmental pollution, leading to the need to look for other alternatives such as clean energy (solar energy). There are many villages and rural areas in the world without access to clean water. Many desalination systems have been developed to address this shortcoming. This study describes strategies for increasing clean water solar energy productivity that are currently in commercial and experimental development stages. Solar stills are the most prudent method for delivering new water since they just sudden spike in demand for the energy of the sun, which is promptly accessible in nature. The focus is on technologies that can be used independently, especially those that can be integrated into solar thermal systems. The results show that the solar thermal distillation yield is inversely proportional to the basin water depth and is directly related to the wind speed in the absorbing region, the temperature of the glass covers and the incident solar radiation. Add to the technology used inside and outside the system to improve productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individual municipal waste streams of Kaunas (Lithuania) in the period 2012-2015 period was found that mixed municipal waste collected in the city of Kaunas municipality, prefabricated containers, compared to the 2012 decreases. 2015. Collect points mixed municipal waste are reduced from 118,065.56 tons to 100,470.6 tons, accounting for 15%. Biodegradable (green waste) quantities of green waste col lection a site does not increase compared in 2012 and 2015. (in 2014 these waste was not collected). The decrease may be affected by that green waste is used boiler house that green waste for energy recovery. The recyclable waste separate secondary maximum (4.5 times) Increased quantities of collected waste paper, plastic positive capture an increase of 1.5 times. Glass collection containers steadily decreasing (from 2.46 tons 2012 to 1094 tons 2015). The trend to rise only noticeable only after complementary systems and DGASA (deposit system). In particular increased textile waste collection (up to 10 times). Toxic waste collection Kaunas City Municipality is constantly increasing tire (up to 2 times); waste containing mercury and packages containing hazardous substances (up to 3 times.). Electrical and elect ronic waste collection throughout the 2012 -2015 year. Period effective complementary systems (collected 99% of such waste), but the amounts vary from year to year, and substantial growth was observed. Population change shows that especially affect the population of secondary separate paper (r= 0.994, p = 0.04), plastic (r=0.923, p =0, 0.047), tires (r=0.960, p =0, 0.040), and toxic waste (lamps, and hazardous materials) collection. According to the results it can be said that some of the waste (green, glass, electrical equipment) gathers a group of people decided to lead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the adoption of the Internet of Things increases, cities are becoming smarter. For the past decade, gas distribution companies are also focusing on adopting smart city concepts such as smart metering. In the eve of transforming into a smart gas grid, IGDAS -- the gas distribution utility company for a city of 15 million residents (Istanbul), needed a literature review for analyzing the latest smart grid concepts. A systematic review was carried out on leading research databases. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 papers were selected to be included in the systematic review. Out of those 21 papers, it became obvious that the greener energy era has shaped the research profile drastically toward the adoption of novel methods such as hybrid systems. The focus on cloud computing is on the rise as well as the novel AI methods for solving demand forecasting problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change mitigation and sustainable development have become critical global priorities, leading to an increased emphasis on the development and adoption of green technologies. Buildings account for a significant share of global greenhouse gas emissions due to their high energy consumption for heating, cooling, lighting, and other functions. Wind energy has emerged as a promising renewable energy source for buildings to generate clean energy without producing harmful emissions. However, the efficacy and efficiency of wind turbines in reducing carbon emissions depend on several factors, including wind speed, air density, and topography. This research paper proposes an assessment of a sustainable green energy index that incorporates wind turbine technology. The study aims to investigate the available technology, challenges, and opportunities in implementing wind energy projects in buildings. The research will provide insights into the performance and feasibility of wind turbine technology in buildings, enabling policymakers, developers, and building owners to make informed decisions on the effective use of wind energy in the building sector. The paper begins by discussing the pressing need for green technologies and the challenges hindering their adoption. It then explores various types of green technologies, focusing on wind energy, and analyzes the factors that influence the efficacy and efficiency of wind turbines in generating clean energy. The paper proposes a sustainable green energy index that serves as an effective benchmark for evaluating sustainability performance and promoting the adoption of green technologies in buildings. Finally, the paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the study's findings and the potential role of wind energy in the transition towards a sustainable and clean energy system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The residential load sector ensures power system stability and effective energy management. Despite efforts to integrate renewable energy sources and develop information and communication technology, the residential sector's flexibility, energy management, and scheduling challenges persist, impeding the power grid's stability and efficiency. Demand Side Management (DSM) has emerged as a crucial solution to address these challenges. This paper proposes a DSM model that employs Binary Particle Swarm Optimization to perform residential load scheduling while considering a time-of-use pricing scheme. Simulation results demonstrate a significant reduction in energy costs, validating the proposed model's effectiveness in enhancing the power grid's stability and efficiency. By adopting this approach, residential consumers can efficiently manage their energy consumption, reducing overall energy costs while contributing to the power grid's stability and efficiency. The proposed DSM model represents a significant step towards achieving a sustainable and cost-effective energy future, offering a compelling argument for its adoption in residential settings. This paper contributes to the field of energy management by providing a technically rigorous and persuasive analysis of the benefits of DSM in residential load scheduling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper address the opportunity and challenge of small grid projects, especially in funding and convincing investors. The investment in wind turbines is significant and requires funding from financial institutions. The problem for conventional financial institutions is the risk of repayment, so they need collateral for the loans given. The aims of this paper is an endeavor to uncover the opportunity and challenge of small grid wind turbine. Most of the wind turbine installations are in remote areas spread along the north and south coast of Java, eastern Madura, northern and southern Sulawesi and parts of Nusa Tenggara. SWOT Analysis is used to define the situation for small wind power project. This paper highlight the result of the analysis : (Strength) Wind energy is a clean energy source that is widely available, especially in islands and offshore areas. (Weakness) Funding difficulties for wind turbine projects, especially for small scale. (Opportunity) New technologies to increase efficiency in Small Scale Wind Turbines. (Threat) Future policy regarding incentives and support for IPP and small-scale wind turbine installations.. It is recommended to search alternative funding scheme beside the conventional including Peer-to-Peer Lending with its various forms. In addition the new technology for Turbines efficiency should be adopted in order to reach the economy feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents our recent effort to reproduce several combination of multiboot Linux operating systems in the form of USB flash drive. The motivation behind the research was to take advantage of current green environment flagship by taking it in the case of developing green and energy efficient IT infrastructure through open source Linux operation system implementations. A simplistic energy consumption calculation is taken into consideration in this paper in order to compare the Multiboot USB Linux and Windows operating systems. The results show significant energy efficiency by the application the Multiboot USB Linux proposed in this study in comparison to Windows operating systems. The result shows positive impact of our approach to support the ultimate objective of green IT infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing scarcity of fossil fuels and its concomitant environmental repercussions have prompted an escalating focus on sustainable energy alternatives, notably hydrogen-based energy. As a clean and efficient energy conversion technology, hydrogen fuel cells have received extensive attention and research in recent years. This paper provides an exhaustive exposition of the operational mechanisms, configuration, and categorization of hydrogen fuel cells. The paper comprehensively assesses both the merits and demerits associated with hydrogen fuel cells while delving into multifaceted aspects requiring enhancement. It is considered that hydrogen fuel cells are an environmentally friendly and efficient energy source, and the different manufacturing methods and transportation methods of hydrogen energy are also listed. However, at present, hydrogen fuel cells have not been fully popularized, and at the same time, their application costs are high and related facilities are not perfect, which also leads to a great lack of commercialization and industrialization of this fuel cell. However, with the rapid development of this technology and the high attention of all walks of life, the development of hydrogen fuel cells is also getting faster and faster, and it is likely to be used on a large scale in the future and enter daily life. In general, as a clean energy that is expected to replace fossil fuels, the research and application of hydrogen fuel cells have important strategic significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ammonia, recognized as a promising clean energy source, plays a significant role in advancing sustainable development. This paper detailly investigates the multifaceted aspects of ammonia, encompassing its background, synthesis methods, storage, transportation, and diverse applications. A comparative analysis is presented, contrasting the conventional Haber process of ammonia synthesis with innovative methods utilizing clean energy. The green ammonia synthesis process, currently gaining prominence, is highlighted for its potential to significantly reduce carbon emissions. The efficacy of various catalysts in green ammonia synthesis is also examined, revealing the superiority of low-displacement catalysts. Furthermore, the paper explores ammonia's extensive applications in the energy sector, from its role in fuel cells, which can be supplied directly or post-catalytic decomposition, to its utility as engine fuel, either in pure form or in combination with other fuels. The study also underscores ammonia's potential as an auxiliary hydrogen carrier, enhancing the safety and efficiency of hydrogen storage and transportation. By offering insights into ammonia's synthesis processes and its multifarious applications, this research contributes to the discourse on new energy paradigms, emphasizing the benefits of transitioning from traditional energy sources to cleaner, more efficient alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the growth of global energy demand and the pressure of environmental protection, ocean energy has received widespread attention as a clean and sustainable form of energy. The purpose of this paper is to analyze various forms of ocean energy, explore its working principles, power generation technologies and application potential, and evaluate its research progress on a global scale. This paper details the working principle and power generation technology of ocean current, tidal, wave, temperature difference and salt difference energy. Especially in terms of salt differential energy, this paper analyzes the key role of permeable membrane technology and the large-scale production of low-cost special membranes. The analysis shows that countries have made significant progress in research in the field of ocean energy, especially in ocean current energy and tidal energy. China has also made breakthroughs in ocean current, wave and temperature difference energy. In short, ocean energy has great potential for development as a clean and sustainable energy source. Future development trends will focus on improving power generation efficiency, reducing costs, and reducing ecological environmental impact. As technology advances and costs fall, ocean energy is expected to occupy a more important position in the global energy system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have a unique opportunity to consider justice in our design of a cleaner energy system. This paper introduces the Justice-Embedded Requirements Engineering (JERE) process, which was created to enable engineers to consider project goals, requirements, and potential project impacts on historically marginalized, climate-vulnerable communities. Given JERE's focus on energy technologies, we demonstrate the process using a concentrating solar power example. JERE provides engineers with a tool to better ensure justice is embedded in the system design process from the beginning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change will remain to be the greatest threat to global human health for many years to come. The world needs efforts by industries and countries to prevent any catastrophic impacts towards climate change and meeting society demand for cleaner energy sources in the long term. As more environmental concerns arise and more stringent regulation has been stipulated, utilisation of advanced technologies such as Advanced Process Control (APC) can help to enable a balance between delivering lower-carbon, energy optimisation and maximising production. Implementation of APC not only design to improve the profitability of a unit, but also helps to control environmental constraint via different strategies. With the collaboration between PETRONAS Technical team and operating units, several control strategies were developed to reduce CO2 venting via integration of APC at Ammonia and Urea plant. This total solution not only helps in reducing, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission but also aided an ageing plant to be more efficient with improved performance. A detailed assessment was carried out before the actual implementation through series of discussion with technical experts and operation personnel which successfully led to reduction of, GHG emission by approximately 5200 tCO2e/year. This is equivalent to 266,000 new trees planted across 53 football fields This paper follows the implementation phase of the control initiative for the petrochemical site, from feasibility assessment to implementation and 1-year post-implementation. It will focus on the methodologies, final model development and post-implementation results. This paper will also investigate opportunities for model improvement and sustenance approaches including the challenges faced to ensure its consistent benefit and performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, with the rapid development of mobile data at higher data rates, the overall power needs of receiving terminals may have exceeded the power budget of remote radio heads (RRHs). As a result, the network operator must get lots of energy from the real-time market again, especially the grid, or make less profit. This paper proposes two models to study energy management in real-time based on specific renewable energy at RRHs to address the following issue for green cloud radio access networks (Cloud-RANs). This paper proposed two models which formulate partial cooperation optimization problems in model 1 using a reweighted ℓl-norm approximation for ℓO-norm while model 2 proposed full cooperation optimization formulation. Then, both proposed models are applied semidefinite relaxation (SDR) techniques. According to the simulation results, the proposed model 2 efficiently minimizes energy costs to achieve better SINR targets and real-time energy trading while managing supply and demand power at RRHs and satisfying QoS at user terminals. The proposed model 2 with power-shortage management outperforms the other model regarding enabling energy efficiency and lowering total network energy costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green brand, retail service quality, and trust have become an important area of interest for the academicians and the marketers with regard to its influence on the consumer's green product purchase intention. However, limited inquiries have been initiated in particular green energy context and very scarce literature exits with regards to the association between green energy purchase and intention. The current study aims to explore the literature on the theoretical foundation of factors motivating the green energy purchase intentions (GPI), and to provide a path for future research for this field of study. The study identifies the possible impact of green brand perception and retail service quality on consumer's intention for purchasing green energy. An explanatory mediated mechanism through the lens of green energy trust is established to see changes in GPI as an outcome. The paper is conceptual, incorporates and interrelates the findings of existing behavioural research as applied within the context of green energy and proposes a set of research agenda to guide future research in the field of green energy consumer behaviour. The study significantly fuel the green energy consumerism literature and managerial implications to gain a deeper understanding of the antecedent and precursors that lead the development of green energy purchase intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing world population also raises energy demand. As a result of continually using fossil energy, carbon emissions increased, which is the main factor causing global warming. Over the past years, many efforts have been made to reduce the carbon emission produced by energy, searching for green future energy which has sustainability, environmentally friendly, and clean energy. Geothermal Energy is one of the alternatives that has been explored and researched accordingly. Sustainable development calls for the use of sustainable energy systems. The world's geothermal energy resources should be used in sustainable activity, which means that it is produced and used for the well-being of future generations and the environment. This paper reviews the connection between geothermal energy development, sustainable development, and future green energy. Previous publications related to geothermal, sustainability and green energy in journals indexed by Scopus were collected, mapped, and reviewed to provide a comprehensive recommendation. Then, semi-structured interviews with experts were conducted to validate the finding of this work. The results show that the impact occurred as a result of geothermal energy development for electricity generation, which can be positive or negative. The need for proper management of such impact follows a sustainability assessment process identified for geothermal energy development is built in this paper. Finally, gaps and future directions were summarized at the end of this paper. This paper contributes to fundamental knowledge introduced herein, which can inspire researchers to detect gaps and serve to motivate the high potential of utilizing a clean and sustainable source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the maritime industry was shifting towards sustainable practices, focusing on minimising environmental impact and maximising energy efficiency. Fishing vessels are increasingly adopting hybrid energy systems to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels. However, finding the optimal hybrid energy configuration specifically determined for a certain vessel type, its technical specifications, and operational requirements remains a complex challenge. This paper presents the development of an user-friendly application called "HENSUS", i.e. Hybrid Energy System for fishing vessels. The application considers technical characteristics (such as engine power), and operative factors (fuel consumption, working time and average engine load). It contains a comprehensive database of energy sources, from conventional marine fuels to alternative ones (LNG, biodiesel, hydrogen etc.) and full electrification. Through a user-friendly interface, users can input specific vessel details and operational parameters. The application then processes this information to generate a range of optimal hybrid energy configurations. The configurations are evaluated based on the results of the life-cycle cost assessment, which also includes the calculation of carbon tax based on produced tailpipe emissions. The proposed application promotes the adoption of sustainable energy solutions in the fishing industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuvalu, a small island developing state (SIDS) and least developed country (LDC) in the South Pacific is at high risk of becoming uninhabitable. This is due to limited resources and economic opportunities, heightened vulnerability to climate change and heavy reliance on international development aid. In the capital atoll, Funafuti, intense population density and scarce land availability pose a challenge to managing significant greenwaste and piggery waste generation. Due to high salinity and pollution from poor sanitation and waste disposal, groundwater is unsuitable for consumption and the population is dependent on rainwater harvesting. Likewise, coral is not well suited to growing crops and most food is imported. This has resulted in poor health in the population due to a high carbohydrate, low nutrient diet. Based on data developed using a combination of existing literature, maps from satellite imagery and engagement with the local Kaupule island council, this paper presents a concept design of an organic waste processing facility aimed to improve waste management by developing fertiliser (dry litter) that can invigorate agricultural activity and food production. The concept builds on other international development initiatives at the household level. The roof area of the facility can greatly assist with rainwater harvesting and solar energy production, thereby supporting increased resilience. Effectively the facility forms part of a possible solution to Tuvalu's climate change adaptation and mitigation efforts but can also act as a model for other SIDS. Although a community enterprise at such scale requires navigation of customary land tenure and a multi-faceted stakeholder approach, involving local, national, and international actors, disaster risk reduction, climate change adaptation and mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Documents such as the Lisbon Protocol and the EU Green Pact call for the development of environmentally friendly processes and technologies to drastically reduce greenhouse gas emissions (carbon dioxide, freons, etc.) and limit the devastating consequences of climate change. Today, most industrial refrigeration, air conditioning and personal comfort processes are carried out using equipment that uses freons (chlorofluorocarbons) as the working medium. However, the widespread use of all types of freon is questioned because of the destruction of the ozone layer in the stratosphere and the accumulation of large amounts of ultraviolet radiation on Earth, as well as the trapping of upward thermal radiation in the Earth's atmosphere, which causes the well-known greenhouse effect. This paper presents cooling and airconditioning processes that produce artificial cold by using air as a working medium, an inexhaustible ecological resource that exists everywhere in space and time. Using compressed air as the working medium, three types of thermodynamic processes are presented theoretically and experimentally: free flow in the tube, free expansion in a centrifugal field as a proprietary solution, and expansion in a centrifugal field and energy separation/Ranque-Hilsch effect. The paper concludes by summarising the findings and making recommendations for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vortex Bladeless Wind Turbines (VBWTs) are wind energy harvesting devices that work differently to the bladed Vertical and Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs and HAWTs), in which a buff body vibrates at a certain frequency through the flow stream to produce fluctuating forces from wind motion. The global demand for sustainable energy is growing rapidly, especially in the aviation sector. The target of this project is to design an environmentally friendly vortex bladeless wind turbine (VBWT) to be applied at the airport runaway. This paper aims to design, analyze, and simulate the VBWT system using 2-Way Fluid Solid Interaction (FSI) via ANSYS FLUENT, on two different flow cases related to the wind speed of the United Arab Emirates region. The fluctuation depends on the unsteady lift and drag forces generated and the effects become greater for free-end three-dimensional flexible cylinder. This mechanical oscillation dynamics can be enhanced via synchronization through resonance and later is converted to electrical energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various types of cooling systems are widely used in Iraq to achieve comfortable conditions for occupants during the hot summer. Large amounts of energy are consumed due to the use of cooling systems in buildings for various activities. Improving the coefficient of performance for HVAC systems is an essential priority within sustainable energy management strategies. In the present paper, an experimental study was carried out to determine the effect of cooling the condenser in a split unit type air conditioner with a capacity of (1 refrigeration ton) indirectly through the passage of air over a wet filling. A different thickness of pads (3, 5 and 7 cm) was used. The pad was moistened with water at different volume flow rates ranging from (100, 125, and 150) liters / h. The rate of airflow passing through the condenser was fixed to determine the refrigeration system's performance and the energy consumed compared to the reference case at different factors. The results showed that the best increase in the coefficient of performance of the system is (25.2%) when the thickness of the pad is (5 cm) and volume flow rate (100) liters / h, and the percentage of energy saving is 13.2%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To Electrical energy has been considered as one of our day-to-day life essentials. However, it is consumed by the public based on payment at regular intervals. The Electricity board informs the customers about their energy consumption at the end of the allocated duration. In places like Tamil Nadu, different tariff slab rates are followed and moreover the few units above the determined slabs brings a huge difference in the total amount to be paid. Although the payment procedure is different at different places, the smart energy meter technology overtakes the method for measuring electrical energy worldwide So, if the customers are able to know their energy consumption and corresponding bill within the duration, the domestic appliances and their usage can be monitored which may help to control the energy consumption in return lesser bill amount. A possible solution to alert the user is by sending SMS whenever the energy consumed crosses its predetermined units. This paper proposes the smart energy meter technology associated with ARDUINO UNO and GSM. The developed meter technology not only keeps track of energy usage but also considers the modification to send an alert message at predetermined levels. Hence the proposed energy meter helps the customer to monitor the energy consumption and the bill amount thereby creating a sustainable energy management and reformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy storage and interfacing the energy storage device to the grid have become increasingly essential with the rise in demand for the production of electricity from renewable energy sources. Continuous supply of energy to the grid obtained by using Photovoltaic (PV) systems. The output from the PV system is intermittent so that a DC-DC converter is used to step up/step down the output. In this paper, a Boost integrated flyback rectifier energy storage DC-DC (BIFRED) converter that can supply both AC and DC loads from a solar-powered PV to the nano grid. The output from the PV module is fed to the cascaded FLC (Fuzzy Logic Controller) using MPPT algorithm which generates the gating pulses and delivers them to the inverter. Inverter fed PV grid topologies are used to meet energy needs and link green energies into power grids. One of the additional benefits delivered by PV is reactive power. In order to compensate for reactive power in localized networks, reactive power from the inverter should be fed into the grid. Results for varied irradiance and temperature circumstances are obtained using a simulation model for solar panels and MPPT based fuzzy logic controller. Making use of batteries is ideal for conventional sources of energy such as solar, wind, etc. For charging and discharging of the batteries, a bidirectional DC-DC converter battery is used. Moreover, 1ϕ VSI is linked to the grid and developed by using FLC. The MATLAB simulation model verify the usefulness of the proposed control technique. The results of the simulated responses having the efficiency of 95.8% and 1:12 of voltage gain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper was to plan the development of multi-cycle production for sustainable energy in order to enhance the use of clean energy. In this paper, a combination of precise performance constraints in generation evolution planning (GEP) models was on the agenda. In this paper, instead of using traditional objective functions, more attention is paid to short-term performance limitations and uncertainties of the load and sources of clean energy. Develop a novel cost function to enhance the use of clean energy in order to implement production development planning. The actual power grid has been improved to confirm the rationality and practicality of the applied approach. Findings showed that the designed GEP model can install more clean power plants and enhance the use of clean energy in comparison to conventional GEP models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ASEAN energy market is facing a crisis due to the increasing demand for energy and the high costs associated with it. The need to save energy and use clean sources of energy has become a major concern for industries worldwide. This paper aims to reveal the results and determine the diversification of risks associated with the structural crisis in the energy market of the ASEAN countries. The article also analyzes the priorities of the ASEAN and the EEC in each other's energy markets, evaluates the results achieved so far, identifies the main factors hindering the development of cooperation, and provides recommendations to improve its effectiveness. The paper highlights the importance of a well-diversified energy mix and sustainable energy policies to ensure the stability and security of the ASEAN energy market. The study emphasizes the need for increased regional cooperation, investment in clean energy technologies, and regulatory frameworks to address the energy crisis and promote sustainable energy development in the ASEAN region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A smart grid is made up of a number of intelligent control systems for electricity generation as well as increasing the system's energy efficiency. Smart power converters, as well as clean energies and highly effective tools, are also part of these schemes. Multilevel inverters are current and fundamental components of high-vol electric supply schemes; this paper introduces multi-level converter prototypes that are routinely built from simple constituents and use configurable sub-systems to move b/w constructions of various converter topologies. These prototypes may also perform harmonic breakdown to ensure that the method is accurate, as well as simulated in Matlab/Simulink [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Requirement for sustainable development is constantly rising and civilization is at a point where population must learn to see beyond its animal instincts and desires. At this stage of civilization, man must learn that his actions may have a consequence which may prove to be beyond his control, non-sustainable engineering is being observed as an increasing threat. In the current paper, efforts have been done to design a house which is aimed to save energy and provide comfort for its residents. With the adoption of basic principles and laws that incorporate passive techniques of cooling and heating into building a home that shall stand firm against the changing course of nature in tropical region, against the scorching heat of summer as well as the fierce chill of winter and provide comfort within with a minimal use of energy. A latent or passive house has been planned, thinking about a tropical area, where summers as well as winters are outrageous. In summers, the working process includes air flow path, techniques of thermal insulation have been provided by providing solar chimneys, hollow area between outer and inner walls, hollow roof, specifically designed roof vents etc. and in winters ventilation with air exchange technique has been used. Large diameter underground pipes have also been provided for circulation of air within the buildings. Specific window, roof and mathematically designed overhangs have been provided in order to make house suitable for tropical climatic conditions. The study aims that such building shall not only serve their materialistic functions but also will insist in the minds of the billions of people a sense of responsibility towards sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pipeline safety is very important during transportation of oil and gas through pipesbecause it helps to transport from one location to another through long distances and these transmission pipelines are mainly buried underground which in turn faces different deteriorated factors like corrosion, malfunction, external interferences, and material defectsaltogether effects the safety of the pipeline transmission. These pipes carry oil and gas through hundreds or thousands of kilometers and makes them important to maintain safe transmission throughout the pipeline. The main threats regarding to the long-distancepipeline safety is the pipe leakage and corrosion, therefore different technologies areimplemented to control these defects and to ensure operational safety of the pipes proper andefficient monitoring of the pipeline is to be carried out to ensure the safety of the pipeline system. Accidents caused by the pipeline leakage results in the emission of oil and gas and will threaten the nearby facilities, structures and the life of the people nearby which results in direct as well as indirect losses. Therefore, to reduce these accidents accurately finding the leakage position and cause to leak on time is very important. Once it happens effective mitigative measures to reduce the impacts like leakage measuring tools are needed. Pipelinetransmission being the world's easiest and effective transmission method and the growing demand for green energy and natural gas makes it more significant. In this paper important pipeline safety management factors, corrosion factors and pipe line risk management are studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodiesel is petroleum fuel that are clean energy that can be used in internal combustion engines without alteration. Such energy sources have characteristics that are equivalent to petroleum-derived oils and are less emitted througha greener burn, due to their increased oxygen concentration. The present study uses the transitory checklist to examine the effectiveness of an inter CI engine, which contains 3 aspects of biodiesel - diesel fuel. One of the testing outcomes that will be acquired is the braking capability, the special fuel consumption (SFC), the exhaust temperature, and the diesel engines. A tool platform is built and functioned from the circus for the motor testing cell. In the Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) method, biodiesel as compared to diesel fuel. As a result, biodiesel fuels could likely outperform fossil fuels in some of theirways. The application of biodiesel fuel as a trend to industrial petrol diesel or as a blending additive is described in this paper as an innovative search for sustainable energy. This report looked into the effects of blending biodiesel into a non-roaddiesel engine on emissions and performance. The findings were linked to findings from related studies that had previously been published. It should be noted that because these findings were based on a stationary diesel engine, no conclusions aboutengine output and emissions can be drawn for vehicles on the road. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to present the design of the sustainable supply chain based on the green supply chain framework of Ghobakhlo et al. (2013) and its management in the contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) based on the SDG Compass of Global Reporting Initiative et al. (2016) in a Citrus Business Company. This research consists of a deductive method and action research. The sustainable practices identified sustainable supply chain are: solid waste reduction, purchase of non-polluting materials, providers with environmental certifications, recycling, reuse, and remanufacturing of materials, client cooperation for the formulation of environmental goals and programs to be implemented. The SDG identified are: 2 Zero Hunger, 4 Quality Education, 5 Gender Equality, 12 Responsible Consumption and Production, 13 Climate Action in Green Product Design, 3 Good Health and Well-Being in Green Material Management and Green Manufacturing Process, 6 Clean Water and Sanitation, 7 Affordable and Clean Energy, and 9 Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure in Green Marketing, Green Distribution, and Reverse Logistics, and 8 Decent Work and Economic Growth. In conclusion, this study can be useful for those companies interested in designing their sustainable supply chain and its contribution to the SDG of the 2030 Agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solving power storage management problems in microgrids and smart grids to support applications such as vehicle-to-grid has become a priority in the drive to clean energy. Inaccurate synchronization of the batteries' charge-discharge levels is a known problem. Susceptibility to resulting control and instability issues is directly proportional to environmental and operational influences, such as dynamic environments with a high probability of load branch and storage switching, batteries' heterogeneity, the DC impact of infrastructure, unmonitored faults, ineffective organization of energy management, and temperature disparities. This paper suggests and practically tests in real-time a nominee solution through a developed decentralized MARL-based controller. Accordingly, enhanced performance and accuracy of the insertions/removals (plug-and-play) of the batteries, and improved steadiness of output voltage are achieved with the existence of real operation influences in a DC self-governing microgrid. Specifically, multiagent "neighbor-to-neighbor" transfer of information was exploited to balance the level of involvement in consumer consumption of the battery energy storage system concerning its neighbors. Furthermore, real-time Energy-flow organizing was introduced to implement a plug-and-play policy under qualified compensation for the DC influence on the control. Hence, local energy flow consumption/loss was organized and monitored. Thus, regional power flow efficiency can be evaluated. Real-time Simulation and practical studies in critical operations and realistic conditions demonstrated a Key observed outperformance including an average, heightening of plug-and-play performance (0.66-13.366%), improved output voltage steadiness (2.637-3.24%), better stability and smoothness of battery's voltage (2.9739-3.8462%), developed steadiness of load (6.666-37.091%), power consumption saving (2.94%), power flow balance enrichment (6.468 %), and improvement of power flow efficiency (2.626%), can be reached from the experimentations in the case when the developed strategy is employed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As people become more aware of global warming, the need for clean fuel and energy is increasing, and as a result, there is a steady trend toward electric automobiles and hybrid electric vehicles. The depth of discharge (DOD), temperature, and charging algorithm all have an impact on battery performance. Using the internet of things, this study seeks to offer a measurement of the battery's voltage and current level. Lead-acid batteries are capable of powering a wide range of applications. They're simple to find, affordable, and deliver a lot of power to anything they're connected to. Unfortunately, if the charge is not monitored, the battery will ultimately run out of power. current and voltage of battery is required in extra to finding the charge of the battery. The approximate charge of the battery may be determined based on the battery's output voltage. This paper summarizes a number of studies on battery health monitoring systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen energy is a green and efficient energy source with unique characteristics like vast availability, high combustion heat, and pollution-free emissions. Fuel cells, particularly the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), are at the forefront of harnessing hydrogen energy. Nanocomposite proton membranes have advantages and application prospects in fuel cell technology. This paper studies the discussion regarding the characteristics of nano-composite proton membranes and their use in fuel cells. The conclusion is that the nano-composite proton membrane has better electrical conductivity, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and relative selectivity than the ordinary proton membrane. To meet the application requirements of various fuel cells on various occasions, the performance of the nano-composite proton exchange membrane has been enhanced, improving the proton exchange membrane's effectiveness, reducing the application threshold of fuel cells, and maintaining stability to improve its efficiency. Conclusively, nanocomposite proton membranes, with their enhanced properties, hold promising potential in fuel cell applications, offering a sustainable and efficient energy solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chance to use sunlight as a clean source of energy has arisen as a result of a gradual rise in user requests for eco-friendly power sources and severe government laws for their usage, because its production from a renewable, natural, and eco-friendly resource, in this paper, the performances characteristics of the liquid pumping unit were investigated experimentally when running the laboratory pumping rig by photovoltaic power system under various operating conditions. The study checks the best tilt angle to maximize the output energy. Tests have been performed under various tilt angles 45° and 32°, with a sunny weather condition and within a period between (11:00:00 AM to 4:00:00 PM). The experimental results of the work show that the best PV panel tilt angle to produce maximum power output was at 32˚, also, output power was proportional to radiation, increasing the irradiance will increase the output power of the PV panels. In addition, storing energy into the battery was compensate source of power to continue the pump running during reduced solar radiation. The daily output of the solar pumping system varies according to the amount of direct sunlight that falls on the solar panel, that mean with the increased sunlight the water pumping increased about 24.9 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the rising cost of petroleum products and the widespread demand for clean and renewable energy to lower carbon dioxide pollution to meet global emissions targets in developed and developing countries. For this reason, alternative energy sources such as solar, wind, and thermal have become crucial. This energy must be cheaper, and safer, and contribute significantly to energy development. Nigeria is faced with the problem of poor access to power supply, which contributes to retarded industrial growth, insecurity, and mass unemployment. Alternative sources, such as solar energy, bio-energy, etc are capable of solving the energy crisis in Nigeria with average solar insolation of 7.0KWℎ∕m2 per day in the north and 3.5KWℎ∕m2 per day) in the south. Biofuels such as bioethanol and biodiesel produced from biomass are also promising alternatives. They can reduce harmful emissions and give Nigeria hope for energy security and sustainable development. This paper reviews the potential of various renewable sources for energy generation in Nigeria. Presently, Nigeria requires thermal power plants from renewable sources capable of providing 13000MW, to meet the daily energy needs in Nigeria compared to the available 4000MW which is insufficient for over two hundred (200) million Nigerians. This study identifies biofuels as a major energy innovation for car engines, gas turbines, power plants, etc. In Nigeria and throughout sub-Saharan Africa, the use of biofuels could prevent energy shortages and promote more sustainable development. Challenges to widespread biofuel adoption in developing countries include deforestation, land scarcity, and the conflict between energy production and food security. It concludes that significant spending on energy research and the right institutional and governmental frameworks are needed to overcome the difficulties in order to realize the potential of alternative energy for sustainable development [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Massive utilization of firewood faced problems related to deforestation and harmful emissions. Indonesia experiences the fastest deforestation rate in the world (1000 km2/year). Household air pollution (HAP) resulting from the smoke of burning firewood causes premature deaths of around 165,000 to 68,000 each year in Indonesia. Liquified petroleum gas (LPG) and electricity are projected to be clean energy sources for households; however, switching to LPG fuel or electricity for remote rural households is constrained by their limited financial ability. Therefore, shifting the energy supply of rural communities from wood to fuel from agricultural waste can reduce the risk of deforestation, while reducing HAP is done by forming it into bio-briquettes. Manufacturing rice husk (RH) or carbonized rice husk (CRH) for bio-briquette fuels is intended to solve the problem of massive woody biomass and improve the combustion process to reduce the risk of HAP. This paper specifically investigates and compares the physical and chemical properties of RH and CRH as a first step to verifying their potential as bio-briquette materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the vehicles uses fossil fuel or gasoline for transportation. Usage of fossil fuel contaminates the air due to emission of nitrous oxides and particulates. It also causes the depletion of ozone layer. These fossil fuels are non-renewal and hence will be deplete from the earth in near future dueto increased demand. Moreover, due to scarcity, its cost is also increasing rapidly. In order to deal with this, an electric vehicle can be good alternative for transportation. With usage of electricvehicle, demand for fossil fuel can be greatly reduced. All the electric vehicle (EVs) are refer to BEV (battery electric vehicles) and they are equipped with the battery to store power. With increasing usage of renewable energy sources, clean power can be generated which can be supplied for charging of the electric vehicle. In this paper, review of electric vehicle is carried. Itinvolves various features of EV like its tractive effort, efficiencyof motor and battery necessities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Almost all countries who are signatories to the Paris Agreement have made their commitment to 'Net Zero' emissions. India has also pledged to net zero emissions by 2070 and to achieve non –fossil fuel energy capacity of 500 GW by 2030. Several renewable and green energy solutions are being actively explored. One major source of greenhouse emissions is the main propulsion engine of vehicles including military vehicles, ships, and aircrafts. While efforts are on to use hydrogen energy and batteries for main power train and Auxiliary Power Units, viability of APUs working on green technology like Fuel Cells for big trucks, buses, planes, ports, ships etc. is also being actively explored. Unlike battery powered APUs which provide fixed runtime and depend on main diesel engines for recharge, fuel cell APUs can provide quiet and environment friendly power non-stop till fuel is provided. Their immediate integration using on board fuel and their versatility to work on a variety of green fuels makes them an attractive option. A lot of resources have been invested in Polymer Electrolyte based Fuel Cell Auxiliary Power Units to develop the same as a viable alternative to existing Auxiliary Power Units. This paper discusses the technological status and cost viability of Auxiliary Power Units using PEFCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the complete phase-out of lignite-fired power plants and the corresponding surface mines, the central priority is to ensure a fair development transition for the lignite mining areas. In the context of the installation of renewable energy system projects in the surface lignite mines of Western Macedonia, this paper aims to analyze the challenges for developing photovoltaic projects in areas with different characteristics and to propose solutions for selecting suitable areas, based on corresponding analysis. The investigated parameters cover a wide range of spatial criteria. The results contribute to a pragmatic transition to green energy generation involving a circular economy and sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid industrialization and its automation on the globe demand increased generation of electrical energy with more reliability and quality. Renewable energy (RE) sources are considered as a green form of energy and extensively used as an alternative source of energy for conventional energy sources to meet the increased demand for electrical power. However, these sources, when integrated to the utility grid, pose challenges in maintaining the power quality (PQ) and stability of the power system network. This is due to the unpredictable and variable nature of generation by these sources. The distributed flexible AC transmission system (DFACTS) devices such as distributed static compensator (DSTATCOM) and dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) play an active role in mitigating PQ issues associated with RE penetration. The performance of DFACTS devices is mostly dependent on the type of control algorithms employed for switching of these devices. This paper presents a comprehensive review of various conventional and adaptive algorithms used to control DFACTS devices for improvement of power quality in utility grids with RE penetration. This review intends to provide a summary of the design, experimental hardware, performance and feasibility aspects of these algorithms reported in the literature. More than 170 research publications are critically reviewed, classified, and listed for quick reference for the advantage of engineer and academician working in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a comparative analysis of two algorithms in grid tied wind energy conversion systems (green energy) for better efficiency by minimising reactive power. ANFIS (Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System)controller and FLC(Fuzzy Logic Control) are implemented in Vienna rectifier based wind energy conversion system to analyse the efficiency under a constant wind speed of 12(m/s). Results: Based on the results obtained the ANFIS has higher efficiency 99.07% while FLC 90.92%. Conclusion: ANFIS controller provides better efficiency when compared to FLC controller for the selected data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of electricity is still the biggest one in Algeria. This leads to many issues in the health and economic public or private sectors. In the north of the country, 95% of the population is connected to the national electricity grid. Unfortunately, most of this population is suffering very frequent power outages. The situation in the southern region is even worse given the hard life conditions in the Algerian Sahara. Furthermore, only inhabitants of big cities are connected to the electricity grid. The dominance of fossil fuels in the production of electricity in Algeria is blatant. It amounts to more than 97% and the rest is provided by hydraulic power in spite of the great potential of renewable energy sources that have not yet been exploited. The fact that power supply is fully dependent on conventional energy sources leads the country to two main problems. On the one hand, the pollution resulting from using fossil fuels is devastating for the environment, the climate in the short run and the whole atmosphere in the long run. On the other hand, the Algerian economy is among the most oil-dependent in the world. Being so reliant on oil and natural gas makes the country vulnerable to any problem affecting oil pricing and therefore to governing international laws that apply likewise all over the world. This paper aims to focus on the current situation of the use of renewable energy, especially solar energy in Algeria. We also present the challenges facing the government and the population to develop this sector and move towards renewable and clean energies within a smooth transition. We review the energy situation in Algeria, discuss the policies and legislations that govern the energy sector, and propose solutions to pave routes toward a change of energy production, management, supply, and consumption as well as speeding up the adoption of renewable energies in Algeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar photovoltaic thermal (SPVT) systems are widely used for simultaneous production of electricity and utilization of thermal energy for various applications. Various engineering materials such as nanoparticles, variable phase change materials, individually or in combination are used to absorb the heat from the SPVT systems. The more the absorption of heat, the better the performance of systems. The use of nano engineered materials in SPVT systems enhances the heat transfer rate, optimize the cooling effect and thereby increases the performance of the systems. This paper presents a comprehensive review on the application of engineering materials to improve the performance of the SPVT systems. It also discussed the recent trends, challenging and future scope for enhancing the performance of SPVT systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing interest of people to be informed at every step, to progress and overcome their limits, rapid developments have occurred in the field of IoT (Internet of Things) and miniaturized electronics. Thus, wearable power sources with high reliability and long duty cycles are required to power wearable electronic devices to meet people's needs and smart miniaturized electronics requirements. In addition, to make them truly wearable, these must be light, flexible, silent, low power consumption and adaptable to the human body. Textile materials can meet these requirements, and thermoelectric generators assembled from fibers, filaments, yarns, or fabrics (T-TEG) that allow the generation of thermoelectric energy (TE) from body heat represents a research topic of great interest today. Recent studies have demonstrated that T-TEGs have the potential to provide a sustainable and renewable energy source for a wide range of applications through the use of innovative materials and advanced yet simple manufacturing technologies. The choice of material is an important step in the manufacturing process, and it is essential to consider several factors such as thermoelectric efficiency, cost, processability and scalability. Thus, this paper outlines which methods, designs and materials have been chosen in recent years by researchers for the development and optimization of wearable thermoelectric generators (wTEG). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing demand for energy worldwide, it has become imperative to explore and adopt sustainable energy practices. In this regard, predicting household electricity consumption accurately is essential, as it can help optimize energy usage and reduce waste. This paper focuses on using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) shows the neural networks to prevent household electricity consumption in India. The LSTM model was implemented using the Keras library in Python. The model was trained using the training set and tested using the testing set. The study demonstrated that LSTM neural networks are a promising approach to predicting household electricity consumption in India. Further research can be conducted to recover the accuracy of the perfect by including more variables such as household size, income, and appliance usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The weather and air quality monitoring system provides valuable information to support many activities. This paper presents the development and implementation of the weather and air quality monitoring system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) platforms. The developed system adopts the low-cost weather and gas sensor and the small, powerful Arduino Nano 33 IoT microcontroller. Furthermore, the solar panel and battery system are used as the energy resources for the developed monitoring system. Two popular IoT platforms, namely the ThingSpeak and Blynk, are employed as the IoT cloud servers, where the ThingSpeak is mainly used for saving, displaying, and analyzing historical data, while the Blynk is primarily used for online monitoring based on the mobile application. The experimental results show that the electronics and sensors modules consume the power of 1.3 Watt, and the IoT module requires a data transmission size of 429 KB per transmission. The preliminary evaluation shows that by operating the system at a time interval of 180 minutes, it achieves a ratio of charging time to discharging time of 0.33, which offers a promising result for a self-powered and green energy system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study work makes an effort provide the insight to the usage of ionic polymer film for a range of applications, including the harnessing of green energy using various techniques and capacitor based applications. The Research paper represents the electrical analysis of the blend of polyvinyl alcohol (PVDF), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and Poly (vinyl sulfonic acid (PVSA). Polymer is a substance with a molecular structure made up of a lot of repeating subunits. A polymer is made up of monomer units that are repeated in long chains. These can be found in abundance in nature. The molecular mass of them is quite high (10−3 – 10−7u). Polymers can create one-dimensional or three-dimensional networks. The process of linking monomer molecules units in a chemical change to produce polymer or tri networks is known as polymerization. The PVDF/PVP/PVSA blend was made and ionic fabricated using the solvent casting method. There are various properties like AC conductivity, dielectric analysis and dissipation factor were experimentally investigated by the use of impedance analyser which is having frequency range 20 Hz– 10 MHz The different composition of PVDF/PVP/PVSA has been analysed by changing the ratio of Poly(vinyl sulfonic acid (PVSA). It is observed that dielectric is increasing. It is also observed that DC conductivity decrease with increase in frequency. Since capacitive reactance fluctuates with applied frequency, any change in supply frequency will have a significant impact on the "capacitive reactance" value of the capacitance. The electrical analysis of PVDF /PVP/PVSA polymer blend can be used for capacitor based applications and can play important role in various technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy load forecasting is a systematic method of predicting future loads in advance to maintain a balance between energy demand and supply. Sustainable energy development is critical in energy design, planning, generation, transmission, and distribution, which leads to computational complexities in conventional methods when it is non-linear. Bio-inspired optimization algorithms are part of artificial intelligence that is inspired by the biological behavior and evolutionary principles of nature. Due to advancements in artificial intelligence, an increasing number of heuristic optimization techniques have resulted in the efficient handling of complex problems. The complexities in the accurate prediction of electricity can be achieved with evolutionary algorithms and swarm intelligence optimization algorithms. It avoids unnecessary expenditure, overestimation, and underestimation of electric energy and maximizes capacity utilization. This paper reviews recent studies on population-based optimization techniques to handle complexities in energy load forecasting and smart energy management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrical energy is a vital resource and most commonly used type of energy in the world. It is an responsible for development of country's economy and it became a basic need for human life. To meet the growing demand many new developments and technologies in power generation plants are being installed, even then a space between demand and supply is continuously increasing due to depletion in conventional fuels and natural resources. Most of energy in today's world generated through conventional energy sources. Conventional energy sources are polluting and are responsible for global warming. Due to diminishing of conventional energy sources, many new methods of renewable electric power generation are evolving. to provide clean, environment friendly and sustainable energy, a novel methodology for electrical power generation is proposed by introduction of reciproscillator. This machine helps in conversion of oscillating motion of pendulums into rotational motion by intervention of reciprocating force. The couple of forces (restoring forces) drive the wheel providing constant angular speed. the obtained constant mechanical power serves as input to electrical generator. This paper describes the simulated characteristics of reciproscillator alone and combination of both reciproscillator and generator for power generation. Generation control during the dynamically varying electrical loads is described. Mathematical modeling and theoretical analysis of system are performed in order to prove the concept as usable form of energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents an analysis linked to sustainable energy alternatives in terms of the use of refrigerants in air conditioning equipment, with the aim of achieving compliance with the energy agreements that will allow avoiding and reducing the risk of pollutant emissions into the atmosphere, saving energy, and contributing to more efficient methods in this equipment. A bibliographical analysis was carried out to contextualize the research, in addition to the experimental method through systematic observation in the reconversion processes, in this context, measurements of the experimentation carried out were taken, in addition to carrying out different tests to obtain the desired results. The conversion processes were evaluated as an alternative to the substitution of R-22, through the use of R-290, which resulted in a decrease in condensation pressure between 4 and 6%, a decrease in pressure drops between 13 to 19% in the condenser, and between 24 and 43% in the evaporator, contributing to a 6 to 10% decrease in the demanded power, directly affecting the energy consumption of the equipment, resulting in a decrease of the cooling capacity between 5 and 8%, this being insignificant for premises with commercial and domestic use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]