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Household Waste Management (MWM) is an important component of public health and environmental protection. Its purpose is to provide a healthy and pollution-free environment in residential areas. In urban areas, the natural cycle has been limited in absorbing all wastes produced because of rapid population growth, industrialization and generally lack of space. In Nairobi, officially the HWM services are supposed to be offered by the Nairobi City Council (NCC). Currently, less than 40% of the total solid waste is collected and disposed of at the only Dandora dumping site in the City. However, less that 10% of the household waste is collected and disposed. This paper describes the role and operational constraints facing the NCC in the provision of HWM services. The major shortcomings of the present system include insufficient financial outlays, lack of appropriate equipment or technology, poorly trained manpower, lack of political and institutional support, absence of a systematic approach, and poor community attitudes towards environmental cleanliness. The author strongly, recommends for the formulation and implementation of a privatized, institutionally-stable, systematic and an integrated HWM system to ensure efficiency and environmental soundness in the residential areas in the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides for a systematic review of the literature related to social impacts, indicators, and metrics, associated with the circular economy. A total of 47 papers were included within the final review, which included 34 methods for the assessment of social circularity. Primarily, the paper sought to understand how social impacts are identified when circular economy ventures are assessed, as well as identifying what the key methodologies are when actors seek to evaluate these social impacts. The study identified a prevalence of social impact indicators utilized within wider methods of circular evaluation, that sought to evaluate social sustainability within minimal indices, alongside more easily quantifiable phenomena. Job creation and health and safety figures were most frequently utilized within the limited indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This section presents the abstracts of conference papers on research methods, including papers on factor analysis in management research and the number-of-factors decision, action research as experimentation, and a study on developing a scale for the disruptiveness of innovations.

This section presents abstracts of conference papers about management history. Some of the papers include "History, Ownership Forms and Corporate Governance Systems: A Study of the Indian Context," about the evolution of ownership and corporate governance in India, "Charisma Revisited," regarding the historical roles of charismatic leaders in organizations, and "The Times They Are A-Changin': Transformation in the Popular Music Industry - An Evolutionary View," about organizational change in the music recording industry.

This section presents an overview of several conference paper abstracts on management spirituality and religion. The study 'Organizational Roles in Spirituality and Religion at Work' attempts to empirically assess the veracity of the common anecdotal assertions that because employees are spending an increasing amount of time at work, they are actively pursuing opportunities for meaningful experiences in the workplace and that employees are expecting organizations to provide support for such a search. The paper 'Organizational Spiritualism: Toward a Critical Analysis' argues that a critical analysis of organizational spirituality should be informed by anthropological insights and draw from the sociology of religion. The paper 'Nurturing the Whole Person: A Model of Spirituality-at-Work and Performance' proposes a spirituality-at-work performance model to theorize a path by which spirituality-at-work might influence performance in terms of established constructs. It is proposed that person-organization fit and positive affect mediate the relationship between organizational member expectations of spirituality-at-work and certain types of performance. The approach of the paper is thus to link spirituality in the workplace to more established research streams in organizational behavior and theory.

This section presents several management consulting conference paper abstracts. The abstracts include "Education and Experience as Antecedents of the Performance of Management Consultants," that analyzes human capital in terms of education and experience; "Being Human: The Real Challenge for the 21st Century," about relationships within business; and "Designing and Processing a Socio-Economic Management Control," which discusses social performance of management control.

This section presents several conference paper abstracts on social issues in management, including a study of the emphasis of firms' learning processes to integrate stakeholder management into their business models, a paper that examines the relationship between espoused moral principles and behavioral outcomes, and an examination of the relationship between personal values and the ethical dimension of decision making using partial least squares analysis.

This section presents several conference paper abstracts on management consulting. The paper 'Futurogenic Management' gives methodologies and product examples. Three methodologies are necessary. First is to develop abilities to free oneself from established wisdom and procedures. Second, to understand heterogenistic interaction as the necessary source of creativity; and third, to facilitate interaction among heterogeneous specialists who cannot interact under the present organizational system. The paper 'Comparing Psychotherapists' and Change Agents' Approaches to Change' explores the most prominent clusters of theories for changing organizations and changing people. Managers and management consultants make use of the first set of theories while psychotherapists use the latter. The study 'The Influence of Management Consultants on Client Firm Market Value: Evidence From the U.S. and U.K.' draws from the Knowledge-based View to help explain how management consultants might influence client firm financial performance. The main purpose of the paper 'The Discursive Construction of the Manager as a Legitimate Client of Consulting Services' reflects the exploration of the discursive space in which the use of management consulting services is constructed as a legitimate managerial activity.

This paper aims to show the relationship between environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors and the most common supply chain (SC) performance indicators within an organization. The main interest is to identify the challenges that organizations face when trying to gain a competitive advantage over other organizations by measuring supply chain efficiency and effectiveness. Therefore, the concepts and terms used are clarified in the first section, in a broader framework, to note their relevance in the context of the paper, but also the relationship between them. In the second section, scientific papers on this topic are briefly presented, which served as a scientific foundation and prompted us to undertake our study to contribute to the body of scientific knowledge on this little-addressed topic. In the third section of the research, we established a qualitative design, composed of qualitative data from secondary sources, which were obtained data through a literature review and analysed using the comparative-deductive method. The result is to propose a simplified model for measuring SC performance from an ESG perspective. In the conclusions, possible uses of this model are proposed, as well as future perspectives that could improve performance measurement by adding new indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts from conference papers on critical management studies which include the instrumentalization of the self at an organizational level, "caring" surveillance over employee negative emotions, and the timing and delays in software development.

Abstracts are presented relating to the topic of critical management. They include "Bergson, the Virtual, and the 'Virtual Organization'," "From the 'Ultimate Truth' to a 'Mental Entity'--Concept of Intuition in Management Research," and "The Sweetest Dreams that Labor Knows: Robert Frost and the Poetics of Work."

The article presents abstracts of conference papers related to technology and innovation management. "Deploying Intellectual Capital for Architectural Innovative Capabilities," by Mohan Subramaniam; "Exploring Industry Implications of Organizational Learning," by David R. King; "The Fragility of Knowledge Sharing: A Behavioral Approach," by Georg Von Krogh; "When Do Acquisitions Facilitate Technological Exploration and Exploitation?," by Paul Almeida.

The article presents several conference paper abstracts on organizations and the natural environment. "Sustainable Organizational Innovation via Stakeholder Engagement," focuses on how economic growth affects strategic decision-making. "Corporate Greening Through ISO 14001: A Rational Myth?," discusses research on the standard in environmental management. "Resourcing Environmental Strategy: Behavioral and Resource-Based Perspectives," investigates what kinds of firm resources are most useful for corporate environmental strategies.

This section presents organization and management theory conference paper abstracts. "Factors That Impact Sales Person's Performance in Virtual Environments" aims to understand the effects of sales persons' location on their sales quota achievement. "Can Progress Be Resistant to Bad Institutions? The Case of ICT" shows that cross-country differences in the use of information and communication technologies are to a considerable extent due to differences in the investment climate. "Chance, Choice, & Inevitability in Strategy," discusses strategic choice.

This article presents several abstracts of studies about organization development and change. In the paper titled "Towards a Holistic Theoretical Framework for the Unfolding of Planned Change," develops a framework for the unfolding of planned change efforts using as empirical field of investigation longitudinal case studies from Greek public organizations that currently are undergoing radical change. "A Construct Validation of a New Job Insecurity Measure (JIM): The Emerging Role of Management" explores the dimensionality of job insecurity. "Responding to a Changing Environment: Adapting Human and Social Capital to Impact Performance," that investigates how a firm responds to a changing environment using a resource-based perspective.

This section presents several abstracts of research about organizational communication. The progress of the past seven years of field study research on work group effectiveness was examined in the paper titled "Work Team Effectiveness Field Research: Progress and Prospects." An analysis of thirty-six empirical studies reveals that work team field research is proceeding primarily along dimensions of interdependence, autonomy, diversity and conflict. In the paper "Temporal Effects of Relational Stocks on Technology-Enabled Group Performance," the authors extend existing group development models by employing a complementary stock perspective. Results suggest more complex implications of utilizing technology than previously observed delays in relational development that accompanies technology use.

This section presents abstracts of conference papers about managerial spirituality and religion. Some of the abstracts include "What Should a Science of Workplace Spirituality Study?," focusing on developing a methodology for analyzing spirituality in the workplace, "Correlates of the Protestant Ethic of Hard Work: Results from a Diverse Ethno-Religious Sample," about how Protestent work ethic affects the corporate workplace, and "Why is Spirituality Integral to Management Education?," that discusses how religion and spirituality can affect management education.

This section presents several management education and development conference paper abstracts. They include, "The Effect of Instructional Delivery Method on Student Achievement," regarding the educational value of undergraduate human resource management classes, "A Personal and Experimental Reflection on Teaching and Learning wtih the Consultant Learning Method," about an analysis of undergraduate and graduate management courses, and "What it Means to Supervise: A Phenomenographic Study of Doctorial Student Supervision," discussing what doctoral supervisors look for in their management students.

The article presents a section of abstracts on conference papers in Health Care Management. They include "Understanding Mental Health Treatment in Primary Care with Patient-Physician Interaction Data," examining the mental health treatment process; "Vertical Integration Between Community Hospitals and Nursing Facilities," about resource dependancy theory; and "Downstream Integration and Competitive Strategies in the US Pharmaceutical Industry," regarding vertical integration.

This section presents abstracts of several papers on entrepreneurship. The first paper proposes a multi-dimension, multi-contingent fit perspective for examining different practices adapted by entrepreneurial firms in acquiring human resources. Another paper elaborates theoretical foundations for opportunity-based entrepreneurial discovery research and presents an empirical study providing evidence for examining the validity of an opportunity-based research approach. One more paper explores innovation as a corporate entrepreneurial outcome in recently established small firms.

This section presents conference paper abstracts on entrepreneurship, including a study of how the individual trait of Entrepreneurial Orientation positively predicts how entrepreneurs evaluate business opportunities, an examination of the development of effective boards in venture capital-backed initial public offerings, and a discussion of how a cognitive perspective can provide important insights into the nature of opportunity recognition.

This article presents conference paper abstracts concerning management history, including a study on identifies the impact of Robert L. Katz's classic 1955 work on managerial skills and notes the continuing legacy of his work, an exploration of how relations between a firm and a local community evolved over one century, and an illustration of the value of searching for original documents and manuscripts.

This section presents abstracts of conference papers on managerial and organizational cognition, including a study of the concept of intuition and whether and how it may be of use to managers in making decisions, a creation of a theory of entrepreneurial learning from performance errors, and the discussion of a model describing the major cognitive functions leading to outcome generation, error detection and error correction.

This article presents conference paper abstracts concerning management education and development, including a study on the use of film in a technology management class to teach innovation management, a study of changes in student perceptions of technological, course conduct, and course outcome variables as they participated in multiple online courses over a four year period in an MBA program, and a discussion of the perceptions and experiences of students who had recently and successfully completed an academic service-learning project for an undergraduate compensation and benefits course.

This section presents several conference paper abstracts on operations management, including a study of the relationship of job stress to a range of lean practices, an examination of the flexible manufacturing strategies available in the process industries, and a paper that develops the notion of environmental fit with flexibility and illustrates the importance of such fit empirically, based on a sample of U.S. manufacturers.

This article presents abstracts of studies on international management. The paper "Regional Strategies for Service Sector Multinationals," examined the intra-regional sales of all 49 multinational enterprises (MNE) in the retail sector. Data is not available for most other service sector MNEs, especially in insurance and banking. Only one of these 49 retail MNEs is global, defined as operating with at least 20 percent of its sales in each part of the triad. The paper "Market Equilibrium, Cartel or Lack of Strategy? Entry Level Compensation in Japanese Firms," examined the determinants of base pay for entry level college graduates in Japanese firms. In a sense, Japanese firms' compensation strategy for college hiring is to behave as a cartel and to minimize wage competition. The paper "A Comparative Analysis of Indian and Chinese Negotiating Behavior," highlighted the similarities and differences between Indian and the Chinese negotiating behavior. While a lot has been written about the Chinese approach to negotiations the literature on Indian negotiating behavior is relatively sparse. This paper attempts to fill this gap in the literature by providing a comparative contrast of the negotiating styles in these countries. The starting premise of the paper is that institutional environments affect the ease with which value is created, sustained or amplified over time.

This section presents several conference paper abstracts on management history. The paper 'Magnificent Crossing: Managing the Deluxe Steamship in the Transatlantic Trade' explores the challenges involved in the delivery of express passenger service on steamships plying the North Atlantic during the golden age of Atlantic travel. The paper 'The Effect of Economic Conditions on Union Membership: A Quantitative and Historical Analysis' suggests that downturns in the economy have had a more significant effect on women than men in unions, leading to significant declines in membership of women in unions. The paper 'Magnus Alexander, the Economists and Labor Turnover' chronicles the pioneering work conducted by General Electric executive Magnus Alexander in measuring the cost of labor turnover and the impact this had not only on wider management practice, but also on academic economics. The paper 'The Relationship Between Discourse in Print Media and Adoption of Workplace Substance Abuse Programs' examines the history of media attention to workplace substance abuse and how organizations have responded to this issue over time. The paper 'The Evolution of Corporate Governance' examines the origins of corporate governance and the events during the 20th century that have failed to align the interests of management and shareholders.

This section presents several conference paper abstracts on management education and development. The paper 'Film in Teaching: Copyright Issues' presents guidelines and observations for legal use in different situations, based on the Copyright Law of the United States. The paper 'Testing the Applicability of Learning Theories to Web-based MBA Courses' attempts to help address this literature gap by reporting on a study of objectivist, collaborative, and cognitive constructivist learning theories in a sample of courses conducted from Summer 2000 through Summer 2002. The results of this study indicate that while characteristics associated with objectivist and cognitive constructivist learning theory explain significant variance in perceived learning and delivery medium satisfaction, students reported significantly higher scores for those variables in courses where collaborative constructivist learning techniques were the dominant instruction mode. The paper 'Creating Critical Mass in Russian Management: Managers' Perceptions of What Remains to be Done' reports on the self-identified training and education needs of a select cadre of Russian managers. The paper also examines the challenges facing their firms, the skills needed to overcome them, and whether the methods identified by the managers for improving their skills will actually be able to deliver them.

This article presents several conference paper abstracts on managerial and organizational cognition. The study 'Knowledge Creation and New Entry' describes examples of experiential and experimental learning behaviors associated with a learning orientation and reveals a positive relationship between those learning behaviors and organizational absorptive capacity, which is in turn associated with enhanced collective efficacy, and the shared belief in the firm's capability to pursue new entry. The paper 'Breaking Away: An Empirical Examination of How Organizational Identity Changes During a Spin-Off' reports on an empirical case study of the processes involved in one organization's identity change during their spin-off from a parent organization. Key findings from the emergent model include the critical role played by a state of identity ambiguity that emerged from image discrepancies and changes in the organization's social referents. The paper 'The Investigation of Collective Cognition in Teams Through a Social Network Approach' investigates how learning network structures influence forms of collective cognition, cognitive overlap and cognitive complexity in teams through effecting different patterns of social influence.

This article presents several conference paper abstracts about organization and management theory. The conference paper entitled "Multiple Logics in the Decision-Making Process," by Sergio Janczak, is a qualitative empirical study that reveals the multiple logics which managers, in undertaking projects, used to influence other employees. This paper seeks to contribute to the literature decision-making process by exploring further the often ignored area of middle management's processes. In addition, as an exploratory approach this paper aims to reveal the factors that influence such processes. The design of this qualitative study includes the identification of a sample of 59 projects undertook by 39 middle managers in 35 complex multidivisional organizations in Canada. The conference paper entitled "The Ecology of Strategic Positioning: Mutualism, Competition, and Inertia," by Stanislav D. Dobrev, Tai-Young Kim, and Glenn R. Carroll develops an ecological theory of the strategic positioning of all firms in an organizational population across its evolution. Drawing on established ecological theories and notions of strategic positioning from the management literature, we contend that processes of mutualism, competition, and inertia shape the propensity of firms to move in the market space.

This section presents abstracts of several conference papers on organization development and change. The research 'Creating an Adaptive Organizational Culture' discusses the key factors following an organizational culture change activity. The study 'Change & Financial Performance' focuses on the longitudinal dynamic linkage between radical change, ideological embeddedness, demographic depletion and financial performance in a macro organizational setting: Israeli kibbutzim. The paper 'Managing Improvisation Within the Management of Change: Some Lessons From UK Financial Services' considers data collected within a study of project-managed change in the financial services sector in Great Britain. The study 'Change Sans Tears: Understanding Change Processes for Frontline Employees in Service Organizations,' proposes a theoretically grounded model of continuous change processes that emphasizes three aspects, first, antecedents of continuous change located in unit and organizational management efforts to respond to market and institutional forces by maintaining a balance between economic and service goals; secondly, multifaceted modeling of change processes by including the inter-relationships among perception of change, role ambiguity and depersonalization tendencies; and last, change outcomes including performance and psychological wellbeing.