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The process of retaining leadership succession at higher education institutions (HEI) is crucial since it has entailed the process of selecting the ideal candidate. The goal is to guide universities toward maintaining organizations' excellence for their academic leadership and management (ALM) position. Due to the lack of established standards for assessing the competency of possible successors at their home institutions, many ALM of Malaysia HEIs are difficult to identify the proper replacement for their posts. This study aims to propose a multi criteria tacit knowledge acquisition framework (MC-TKAF) for supporting talent development intervention program in Malaysia HEIs. It will be based on cognitive apprenticeship, socialization and informal learning theory which mostly used in acquiring knowledge from expertise to overcome talent bottleneck among novice. Fuzzy Delphi will be used as the primary methodology in this study to gather agreement regarding the appropriate indicator to measure tacit knowledge competency among ALM at Malaysian HEIs. There are three phases: Phase 1 involves analyzing the current tacit knowledge acquisition (TKA) and identifying the appropriate parameters to build the intended framework. Phase 2 involves using the results of Phase 1 to create a new framework of tacit knowledge acquisition (TKAF) that is appropriate for the HEI environment. Phase 3's final objective is to assess the viability of the Talent Development Intervention Program's (TDIP) Tacit Knowledge Acquisition Framework (TKAF) utilising the Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approach. This paper's goal is to offer the hybrid MCDM approach as a talent performance indicator for the multi-criteria tacit acquisition framework. The final Phase 3 of the study design will essentially be the subject of this paper. The built-in indicators in this document may be utilised as a guide for the HEI sectors to create talent performance metrics that are appropriate for each TKA applied. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]

This paper illustrates the integration of the hybrid Problem-Based Learning (PBL) approach in the development of the prototype C[superscript 2]HADAM, a multimedia courseware that is intended for the teaching and learning of the Science subject for form two students in Malaysian secondary schools. The discussion begins with the Constructivist theory and conceptual frameworks underlying C[superscript 2]HADAM. The learning concepts of inquiry learning, contextual education, simulation, exploratory learning, self-directed learning, and student-centered learning are also incorporated into C[superscript 2]HADAM. Next, this paper details the development of the project using a popular development life cycle namely ADDIE. ADDIE life cycle consists of the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation phases. This paper also highlights some of the screen snapshots taken from C[superscript 2]HADAM prototype. The final part of this paper presents some of the findings from the Effectiveness construct. The results show positive feedback on the use of the courseware, and the courseware proves to enhance learners' performance. The integration of the PBL principles in the development of the courseware, thus, promises more of its application in the teaching and learning of other scientific disciplines. [For the complete proceedings, see ED655360.]

Technology in education is purposely designed to help both educators and students in knowledge transfer and knowledge gain simultaneously. In many aspects, technology in education is supposed to prove that education can be delivered effectively and efficiently. However, there are cases in which technology in education can be frustrating and annoying for both parties. Government and university management have invested a lot of money to ensure that educators and students can really benefit from the technology. In spite of huge investment on educational technology tools (hardware and software) over the past decades in various education initiatives, the potential of technology usage in university level has not reached the desired level among educators and students. What is the missing link for the realization of the expected return-of-investment? The outcome of this study proposes an Educational Technology standard to be applied in university setting using TPCK (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge) as the basic framework. However, this paper will only discuss a part of our standard development in which highlighting the assessment method that was used during the implementation of ETC standard in our institutions. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]

The development of the aviation industry after the COVID-19 pandemic is prompting aviation institutions to improve their courses, including English courses. A teacher who teaches English for aviation has an important role to play in adapting the teaching style to the needs of the students. This paper explored the experiences of teachers in teaching aviation English to students in the aircraft maintenance program. The participants were three English teachers from three different aviation schools in Malaysia. Semi-structured interviews were conducted as part of a fully qualitative study, and the data were analyzed thematically using ATLAS.Ti software. The findings revealed that they faced both successes and challenges in teaching aviation English, which were categorized into three areas: opportunities, feelings, and progress. The subthemes for successes were seizing opportunities, positive feelings, and good progress, while missing opportunities, negative feelings, and slow progress were the subthemes for challenges. Seizing opportunities referred to participants mastering their teaching tasks, while positive feelings referred to satisfaction with teaching, feedback from students, and enjoyment of the learning process. The sub-theme of good progress referred to the participants' better progress. The sub-themes for challenges, on the other hand, were missing opportunities, negative feelings, and slow progress. It referred to the lack of institutional support, limited knowledge about aviation and sources, while the negative feelings referred to frustration with students, technical instructors and a lack of confidence in the knowledge they had. On the other hand, participants felt that their progress was slow when they had to deal with different levels of students, which was time-consuming and related to the nature of learning and teaching aviation English. The findings would help curriculum developers and English teachers to provide an English course that meets the needs of aviation students. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]

This study investigated the students' experience and impact of using Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) related subjects for mobile learning or mLearning. In this study, mobile learning student-generated activities (SGA) focused on Malaysian universities as a developing country. The study approach was a qualitative case study based on mobile technology usage through 18 focus group discussions amongst students in Malaysia from 10 universities. The students participated voluntarily, and a purposive sampling approach was used. This study examined the students' perspectives using STEM mobile learning through activities created by students in Malaysian universities. The data were analysed using thematic analysis approach. The findings established factors or themes derived from data on the impact of mobile learning for STEM activities created by students in mobile learning from 10 Malaysian universities. The mobile learning framework of best practices emerged from understanding the impact of the research themes from students' experiences. [For the full proceedings, see ED639391.]

Programme development is a process that involves a systematic process that requires focus on the students' achievement and outcomes. To create an outcomes-based education programme, the university has to prepare its academicians with knowledge and skills that can help the academicians to design and develop an outcomes-based students-centered programme. This study used a quantitative approach using a survey method for data collection. A total of 53 academicians were selected to become research respondents for this study. A questionnaire was sent through a Google form survey to all respondents who are located in Selangor, Malaysia. The survey and data collection were done through a set of questionnaires using a 5-point Likert and open-ended questions. The data were analysed using the Statistical Package for The Social Science (SPSS) version 21 software to get the frequency and percentage of the academician response on a way to add value to the university programme development. Open-ended questions are used to identify the academician's issues and constraints pertaining to the programme development process. The results of the study indicated that the respondents are aware of the importance of the outcome-based education progamme, however, most of the respondents need support and training to help them to face challenges in developing an outcomes-based student's centred programme. [For the full proceedings, see ED636095.]

First year university undergraduates' academic experience have always been an interesting topic of study. The main objective of the study was to seek a better understanding on the level of self-directed, resilience, and online study skills among first year undergraduates toward online distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 159 students who were selected through the purposive sampling method participated in the online survey. They answered two sets of instruments namely the Learner Personality Profile and Online Learning Skill that consisted of 60 items and 30 items respectively. Both instruments were measured based on a five-point Likert scales. Learner Personality Profile scales were measured based on (1) Never; (2) Rarely; (3) Sometimes; (4) Very Often, and (5) Always responses, while Online Learning Skills were measured based on (1) Strongly Disagree, (2) Disagree, (3) Neither agree nor disagree, (4) Agree, and (5) Strongly Agree responses. Findings of the study reported that female students' level of Self-directed scores (mean=3.06) were higher compared to male students' scores (mean=2.92) based on a three-level range of mean scores (low=1.00 to 2.33; average=2.34 to 3.67; and high=3.68 to 5.00). Female students' level of online study skills scores (mean=3.90) were also reported to be higher compared to male students' scores (mean=3.61). However, both male and female students reported average level of resilience scores (mean=3.21 and mean=3.33) respectively. The correlation analyses reported no significant relationships between self-directed, resilience, and online study skill. The multiple-regression analyses reported that the self-directed variable did not act as a mediating factor in the relationship between resilience and online study skills. In conclusion, the resilience factor among first year male and female undergraduates seemed to be a concerned issue that need to be addressed and further investigated by the university academic management. [For the full proceedings, see ED636095.]

Listening comprehension is necessary for successful learning and communication in this modern digital age. Studies have shown that early exposure to listening activities can significantly impact the development of listening comprehension skills, especially in preschool children, as their cognitive and linguistic abilities rapidly develop. The purpose of this qualitative study is to explore the use of metacognitive strategies in storytelling to examine preschool children's listening comprehension skills in preschool children in Kepong, Malaysia. Data was collected through the checklist and anecdotal observation to observe six children's engagement in 3 storytelling sessions. The study was done in 2 phases: Phase 1 involved data collection of the teacher's current teaching instructions and challenges faced during teaching and learning. Phase 2 involved designing appropriate metacognitive strategies to examine children's English listening comprehension skills. The study showed metacognitive strategies could help preschool children with listening comprehension skills. [For the full proceedings, see ED636095.]

Nowadays, Malaysian ESL students struggle to read English texts, particularly narrative texts. Lacking in utilising and applying the suitable reading strategies are among factors that hinder reading comprehension. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Question-Answer Relationship (QAR) strategy on ESL pupils' narrative reading and to find out their perceptions toward QAR strategy in narrative reading. This study employed a non-equivalent pre-test and post-test quasi-experimental design. A total of 72 pupils from a government primary Chinese vernacular school were chosen as participants for this study and data were collected using a multiple-choice reading test and a questionnaire. The findings indicated that QAR strategy to teach narrative reading significantly improved the pupils' narrative reading comprehension achievement. Therefore, the result of this study is expected to contribute something for the development of the process of English teaching and learning especially for the teaching of reading comprehension of narrative text. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]

The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of the STEM Kid Module on the scientific literacy of fifth-grade students in the 'Energy' topic. The module was developed based on the combination of constructivism and constructionism as a fundamental learning theory. Meanwhile, the STEM Kid instructional phase was formed using a STEM integrated approach that included engineering design processes and inquiry-based science learning. A quasi-experimental design was used to assess the effectiveness of the STEM Kid Module. This study included 116 children, 61 of whom were high achievers and 55 of whom were moderate achievers. Two elementary schools using the STEM Kid Module were selected as the treatment group, while another school using conventional teaching approach as the control group. Data for this study were gathered by a scientific literacy test that included (i) scientific knowledge, (ii) science process skills, and (iii) daily science application. Results from repeated measurements MANOVA analysis revealed a significant difference in scientific knowledge and daily science application between groups. The study's implication was that the use of the STEM Kid Module through a STEM integrated approach can be implemented in elementary school science teaching and learning for children of varying levels of achievement. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]

Communication is treated as one of the most important issues in all aviation professions, including aircraft maintenance, where passenger safety is paramount. Employer dissatisfaction with the performance of engineers, including aviation graduates, as communicators in the workplace remains controversial. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the types and functions of communication skills required in the aircraft maintenance workplace. Twelve participants, consisting of aircraft maintenance technicians and licenses aircraft engineers (LAE), were involved in semi-structured interviews. The data were analysed thematically and managed using ATLAS.ti software. The results showed that seven sub-themes were identified in relation to oral communication activities and five sub-themes in relation to written communication a written communication is as important as oral communication for aircraft maintenance personnel. In addition, both written and oral communication are expected to be clear, concise and precise. The identified need for communication skills would help aviation institutions develop solutions to meet the needs of the aviation industry. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]

Learning Analytics (LA) captures the digital footprint of students' online learning activity. This study describes students' navigational behavior in an e-learning setting by processing the LA data obtained from Blackboard LMS. This is an attempt to understand the navigational behavior of students and the relationship with learning performance. The study was carried out with 88 learners from a Malaysian private university. The course sites' log data and students' performance were analyzed, and the results were as follows: 4 navigational behaviors played an important role in student's academic performance which are active days, total learning time, number of views, and days delayed in accessing the assessment. Active learning from Tuesdays to Thursdays had a significant positive effect on performance. It was found that the higher activities (total learning time, number of journals viewing) translate to better performance. Days delayed in attempting assessments had a significant but mixed effect on performance, depending on the type of assessment. However, the number of logins is insignificant. The findings of this study provide empirical evidence of the importance of self-discipline in online learning and provide instructors with a predictive measure as a call for early intervention to help online students. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]

In this century, Augmented Reality (AR) is a "reality" technology that has begun to be integrated into the school curriculum and subjects. As one of the learning strategies, the goal is to help increase student learning motivation, the effectiveness of learning activities, and much more. Unfortunately, only a few studies incorporate AR into teaching and learning activities for Adaptive Physical Education (APE) disciplines. Many types of disabilities, including learning disabilities (LD), can be found. Just like their peers, children with learning disabilities are intelligent. However, because of an impairment in their physical, mental, behavioral, or sensory abilities, they need adaptive learning activities that are as similar to the surroundings of children with special needs as possible to help them develop their abilities (Sukriadi, 2021). This study will explore how AR technology affects PE learning experiences for students with learning disabilities (SLDs). This study will use a qualitative exploratory case study to collect comprehensive data for each students learning experience using pre-interviews, observations, and in-depth interviews as the research instruments during PE class. The results of this study are expected to provide an overview of future PE subjects where technology has started to be incorporated and can be used as a new learning medium for teachers and students to create new learning experiences. It will also offer research opportunities for researchers and developers to enhance this application further. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]

English proficiency is advantageous for any graduate. In Malaysia, despite English being formally introduced around age 5, proficiency in the language is still lacking in some graduates. English should be introduced to children during their formation years so they can be proficient. However, in many private preschools, English proficiency is not a priority in the hiring criteria of early childhood (EC) educators despite the introduction of the Malaysian English Language Education Roadmap 2015-2025. With EC educators being a primary provider of input in the system, it is essential to investigate their attitudes towards English, particularly on the East Coast of Malaysia, where English usage is not as extensive as on the west coast, and how these attitudes translate into their practices with the children. A questionnaire of 29 questions was distributed to 114 EC educators. Findings reveal that positive attitude leads to EC educators using English with the children. Although knowledge of the language may be limited, the positive attitude spurs them to find alternative ways to expose English to the children. The findings hence provide insight to how we can upgrade the quality of existing English language education provided in preschools, mapping it to the Roadmap 2015-2025 for the reform to succeed. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]

Cyberbullying is a relatively new phenomenon that poses a serious problem, because anyone can become a victim of cyberbullying. Due to the special technical possibilities of social media, it can have long-term effects on the victims, especially on the well-being of young people. The aim of this study is to collect data on related topics such as demographic profiles, social media use, experiences of cyberbullying, attitudes towards cyberbullying and suggestions to curb cyberbullying in Malaysia. An online questionnaire survey was conducted with 50 respondents. The results show that bad things are done to the victims of cyberbullying, causing emotional disturbance and trauma to the victims. Rule utilitarianism and action utilitarianism are used in certain cases to solve the ethical problem of cyberbullying. Although there is no specific law against cyberbullying in Malaysia, there are certain laws such as the Computer Crimes Act 1997, the Communication and Multimedia Act 1998 and the Penal Code to combat cyberbullying. The solution has also been highlighted through awareness campaigns to prevent cyberbullying. For the concerned parties, developing concrete strategies to reduce cyberbullying among youths in Malaysia should be a major concern. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]

Three categories of audio recordings, a web service platform, and commercial software were involved in this analysis process. The three categories of audio recordings included eight filtered student recordings, an audio recording provided by a Mandarin instructor from University Malaysia Sabah, and an audio recording generated by Text-to-Speech MP3, available at https://ttsmp3.com/. All ten recordings will be uploaded into the NCH WavePad Sound Editor to build a spectrum image. This will allow us to compare and identify differences in tone reading, emotion reading, etc. You can download the NCH WavePad Sound Editor from https://www.nch.com.au/WavePad/index.html. This information is beneficial for all Mandarin language beginners and their teachers, as it can be used for comparison purposes. With this knowledge, they can further undertake a pilot study. This study provides a foundation for investigating differences in human and machine reading from multiple perspectives. Furthermore, this dataset can be used to analyze reading speed. It serves as a crucial starting point for spectrum, voice wave, and reader behavior research. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]

The adption of the Common European Framework Reference (CEFR) as a guideline in Malaysian English language education has led the Ministry of Education to replace locally-developed English textbooks with a selection of imported titles. While considering the significance of intercultural skills in the English curriculum, there is a need to look into the aspect of relevance in using imported texts to suit local cultural demands. This study is dual focal in nature; it investigated not only the impacts of cultural elements embedded in imported textbooks on Malaysian students' attitude but also gathered their perception on the aspect through survey research. For the purpose of this study, it specifies on the use of English Plus 1 -- an imported textbook, published by Oxford University Press. A questionnaire which was adopted from Xiao (2010), was then distributed to 39 Malaysian pupils of suburban Chinese-type primary schools in Perak who were selected using a convenience sampling technique. The findings indicated that the use of English Plus 1 has impacted pupils' attitude where it was observed that their perception towards learning English became more negative due to the focus of the textbooks inclines towards a culture that was not familiar to Malaysians. The implications derived from this study suggest teachers' flexibility at adopting a range of teaching approaches that might also need to be creative in its nature in order to impart cultural information to the young learners. Simultaneously, a more pro-active solution could be taken at the administrative level by carefully scrutinizing the cultural elements embedded in imported texts to adopt cultural suitability for young learners. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]

COVID-19 hugely impacted the students' learning, in which experiential learning was not allowed to be implemented to decelerate the spread of the virus. Thus, educators used whatever capacities and abilities they had to ensure that the students learned the skills, especially for certain skill-based occupational therapy subjects. However, studies regarding occupational therapy students' viewpoint of their real-life experiences in learning skill-based subjects via online distance learning were lacking in number. Therefore, a descriptive phenomenological study was used to describe occupational therapy students' personal experiences in studying skill-based subjects via online distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ten undergraduate occupational therapy students were interviewed, ranging from 45 to 60 minutes on their experiences in learning skill-based subjects via online distance learning. The essence of the student's experiences was described in four main themes: (i) the impacts of COVID-19, (ii) adapting to the COVID-19 outbreak, (iii) the downside and upside of learning skill-based subjects via online distance learning and (iv) perceived supports. Even though they struggled to learn the skill-based subjects without hands-on face-to-face sessions, occupational therapy students felt that few strategies effectively enhanced their learning experiences during the period. This study concludes that occupational therapy students formed impactful memories and described their struggles with online distance learning since the sudden transition to ODL during the pandemic. Thus, the experiences highlight a few learning strategies educators can adopt when it comes to skill-based occupational therapy subjects. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]

COVID-19 pandemic has transformed the conventional education landscape to online remote learning. However, this transition has brought about certain challenges such as low levels of student engagement and motivation, which raises the question of whether students are actually learning. Using Virtual Reality (VR) in teaching and learning (T&L) could increase engagement as it provides interactive experience that necessitates students' online presence. Literature shows students are aware of VR benefits, yet not many tertiary educators are using VR. Thus, this study aims to investigate Malaysian tertiary educators' awareness of VR and readiness to explore its potential in remote online T&L through a questionnaire survey adapted from previous studies that applied the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as their theoretical framework. Of 26 respondents, only 4 had VR experience in the classroom. While others lacked VR experience, their perceptions were positive, and they were aware of the challenges of using VR. It can be concluded these challenges are partly the reasons why VR is under-utilised. The findings implicate the need to train and familiarise tertiary educators in the use of VR for the continuous intention to use VR. It is believed that when more educators have more intimate knowledge of VR, the more students will benefit regardless if the classes are remote online or otherwise. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]

There are few studies have examined the effective inclusion of Students with Learning Disability (SLD) in teaching and learning, despite the growing policy, educational, and political concern following the progressive trend towards enrolling students with disabilities in regular public schools. As inclusive education is a fundamental human right, educators should find more ways to include the SLDs. A highly motivating learning environment is provided by virtual reality (VR), which combines 3D virtual settings with technologically advanced modes of interaction. VR provides an interactive experience wherein one can become immersed in a computer-generated environment. Nonetheless, there is limited research on using VR for Students with Learning Disability (SLD). Physical Education (PE) has been a compulsory subject in Malaysia to develop skills, knowledge, values, and attitudes to stay healthy. Many studies have tested the use of VR in helping students learn PE. Thus, this study tested VR trainers in teaching PE to the SLDs. A VR application is being created as part of the study, and the users will be asked for their opinions. In this study, the motor performance and motivation of the experimental group were evaluated to measure the effectiveness of the VR trainers in helping the SLD to learn. The results proved that combining immersive technology with motor learning theory made it possible to motivate SLDs and increase their motor performance score in learning PE. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]

Nature of Science (NOS) has been enumerated as one of the important elements in education because robust conceptions of NOS is essential for individuals to be considered as scientific literate. As teachers are vital in imparting sound NOS conceptions to their students, they must possess sound NOS conceptions. However, studies have shown that teachers only possess naive conceptions of NOS which could be potentially passed down to their students during science instruction. So far, studies about in-service science teachers' conception on NOS were conducted in the West. The extensive literature search that was conducted on several renowned platforms found that the existing research available to the public focused on secondary school students or pre-service teachers but not in-service teachers. The conduct of this study bridges the gap in literature and informs relevant stakeholders about the current state of science education in Malaysia. This study shares the findings of a survey conducted with 33 in-service public school science teachers in Selangor, Malaysia. Results show that most teachers possess mixed conceptions about NOS. This study has implications on informing relevant stakeholders about the need of including NOS as a part of teacher training programmes and the need to conduct training sessions with in-service science teachers on NOS. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]

The use of Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) in teaching, especially in English as a Second Language (ESL) has become an emerging trend globally. In recent years, many educators have started to deliver lessons online using the concepts of MALL, including those in Malaysia, especially during pandemic COVID-19. Writing is an important skill in English language acquisition but the review of using MALL in teaching writing is scarce. Hence, this review focuses on teachers' perspectives and readiness toward the use of MALL in teaching writing among English as a Second Language (ESL) learners. Therefore, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was used to extract 30 articles from the year ranging 2018 to 2022. Two databases, Google Scholar and Educational Resources Information Centre (ERIC), were used to collate the articles for this review. The findings of this review exhibited the positive perspectives and readiness among the teachers towards the use of MALL. Parents' perspectives should be taken into consideration in future research. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]

A gloss refers to a short definition or explanation of the meaning of a word in a text that can assist learners in reading comprehension and vocabulary learning. This study aims to investigate how glosses in English academic texts affect the reading behaviour of ESL undergraduates while reading is taking place. In addition, it also examines the effects of gloss on the learning of the glossed target words. Twenty ESL first year undergraduates who were grouped into proficient and less proficient learners based on their MUET (Malaysian University English Test) results participated in a reading experiment using the eye tracking device. Eye movement data (i.e. fixation duration and scan path) obtained from the eye tracker, retrospective interviews and three vocabulary tests were analyzed. The glossed target words were selected from Coxhead's Academic Word List (AWL) and were placed in the same line with the target word in the texts, in right margin of the texts. Eye movement analyses showed that the position of the gloss either at the top, middle, or bottom of the page influences how and when participants read the gloss. Participants who read the gloss before or after reading the texts were high unlikely to regress to the text to infer to the target words in the text. However, participants who read the gloss while reading the text mostly regressed to the text and read the target words in the text. The fixation duration data revealed that proficient participants looked at more glosses than the less proficient participants. The retrospective interview confirmed the fact that the participants did not read the gloss in each encounter as they have become familiar with the target words in the gloss. Nonetheless, they agreed that the presence of glosses in the texts helped them to learn unknown words, particularly in noticing the form of the words. The finding suggests that the use glosses need to be emphasized in language teaching and learning, particularly in reading comprehension and vocabulary learning. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]

With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, higher education's learning environment is shifting toward online education. There are no exceptions when it comes to teaching and studying dance art in institutions. The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of the effectiveness of an e-learning system for learning and pedagogical purposes, as well as the students' attitudes toward knowledge sharing. As a result, the research was conducted to ascertain undergraduate students' programs in the field of art (dance and theater) education in Malaysian public universities. A quantitative study was conducted to assess undergraduate students' practices during the semester at Malaysian public universities, with a particular emphasis on student's readiness to adapt the online dance art learning. The study discovered that art students in higher education used social media platform and online networking to strengthen their art performances and technical skills. However, majority of the students showed less readiness to online learning and their experiences participating in it as part of their academic studies. [For the full proceedings, see ED623569.]

The focus of this study was on the relationship of emotional intelligence with the scale of depression, anxiety, and stress of civil servants in the COVID-19 pandemic scenario. The specific purpose of this study was to test the relationship between four domains of emotional intelligence namely emotion domain, self-awareness, emotional well-being, and emotional regulation of COVID-19 challenge with the scale of depression, anxiety, and stress of civil servants in a statutory body in Malaysia. A total of 2268 respondents were selected for the category of academic and non-academic services. The first measurement tool used was a questionnaire developed by the researcher, and it went through a process of instrument validation and construct validation, namely the Emotional Intelligence Domain Inventory of COVID-19 Challenges (EIDInv-CvdC). While the second questionnaire is a questionnaire that has been established that is the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS21). In this study, correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship and influence between the domains of emotional intelligence with the dependent variables namely depression, anxiety, and stress scales. The findings of the study indicate that there is a significant correlation and relationship between the domain of emotional intelligence with the scale of depression, anxiety, and stress of the respondents. [For the complete volume, "Proceedings of International Conference on Studies in Education and Social Sciences (Antalya, Turkey, November 11-14, 2021). Volume 1," see ED625228.]

STEM education has increasingly drawn attention internationally in recent years. In Malaysia, efforts to encourage students to take up STEM subjects have risen, but student enrolments in almost every STEM subject area have continued to fall over the last decade. The situation is even more challenging in Sabah, an East Malaysian state where 72 percent of its schools are located in rural areas with basic utilities and limited infrastructures. Therefore, a STEM Mentor-Mentee outreach program through university-school partnership was developed to address the gap in STEM education attainment. The program targeted tenth graders (aged 16 years) from rural secondary schools to help them learn STEM by relating it explicitly to their local environment. STEM activities were guided by the engineering design process while harnessing their 21st century skills. Mentors consisting of in-service and pre-service teachers who provided guidance, support and assistance to mentees. Data were captured through mentees' responses to open-ended questions, mentors' field notes, focus group observation and interviews. A total of 732 students, 342 in-service and 99 pre-service teachers were involved in the programs from 2015 to 2019. Findings suggest that the program was able to develop creativity, problem solving, critical thinking and teamwork skills among rural secondary school students. [For the full proceedings, see ED620289.]

This book contains a compilation of papers presented at the International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT) 2021, organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (W.I.A.R.S.), that this year has been converted into a fully Virtual Conference as a result of the ongoing Coronavirus (COVID 19) pandemic. Modern psychology offers a large range of scientific fields where it can be applied. The goal of understanding individuals and groups (mental functions and behavioral standpoints), from this academic and practical scientific discipline, aims ultimately to benefit society. The International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the several areas within the Psychology field, new developments in studies and proposals for future scientific projects. The goal is to offer a worldwide connection between psychologists, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in psychological issues. We take pride in having been able to connect and bring together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. We counted on an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement the view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons there are nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounter and development. InPACT 2021 received 358 submissions, from more than 40 different countries from all over the world, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take form of Oral Presentations, Posters and Workshops. 117 submissions (overall, 33% acceptance rate) were accepted for presentation in the conference. The Conference addresses different categories inside Applied Psychology area and papers fit broadly into one of the named themes and sub-themes. This book contains the results of the different researches conducted by authors who focused on what they are passionate about: to study and develop research in areas related to Psychology and its applications. It includes an extensive variety of contributors and presenters that are hereby sharing with us their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. [This document contains the proceedings of the virtual International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT) 2021. The proceedings were published by inScience Press. For the 2020 proceedings, see ED604955.]

This paper explains the concepts of Affirmative Action (AA) and Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) and the policies developed in post-Apartheid South Africa. It compares it to similar policies adopted in different contexts in Malaysia, India and the U.S.A. It explains and critiques the South African policies on AA and BEE, its history since 1994 and how class has replaced race as the determinant of who succeeds in education and the workplace. It analyses why these policies were essential to address the massive racial divide in education and the workplace at the arrival of democracy in 1994, but also why it has been controversial and racially divisive. The strengths and limitations of these policies are juxtaposed, the way it has benefitted the black and white elites, bolstered the black middle-class but has had little success in addressing the education and job futures of poor, working class black citizens in South Africa. The views of a number of key social analysts in the field are stated to explain the moral, racial, divisive aspects of AA in relation to the international experience and how South Africa is grappling with limited success to bridge the divide between the rich and poor. [For the complete Volume 15 proceedings, see ED574185.]

Teaching profession requires teachers to be prepared with skills and knowledge to overcome challenges related to subject matter, students, colleagues and personal matters. In order to become an outstanding teacher, one has to undergo formal as well as informal professional development experiences. This study aims to explore the challenges faced by novice teachers and the sources they turned to in order to resolve these challenges. The research participants were three novice teachers who are currently in their first two years of teaching experience. The data were mainly collected using semi-structured interviews with each participant. With the assistance of NVivo software, the data were coded using a thematic analysis approach. The findings indicate that novice teachers not only struggle with their own lack of skills, but are also burdened with students' negative attitudes and difficulties in the environment in which they work. The main supportive elements found to be helping these teachers in solving their problems are support from senior colleagues and family, and information available on the Internet. [For the complete proceedings, see ED601080.]

This research is aimed to validate an instrument, the Malaysian version of ROSE or MROSE to gauge Malaysian secondary students' interests, attitudes, values, and priorities in S&T-related issues. Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling approach was used to evaluate the validity and reliability of the instrument. The internal consistency reliability (composite reliability and Cronbach's Alpha coefficient), convergent validity (Average Variance Extracted), and discriminant validity (cross loadings, Fornell-Larcker criterion, and Heterotrait-Monotrait ratio) for each individual item of the instrument were being assessed. [For the full proceedings, see ED619611.]

These proceedings contain papers of the 3rd International Baltic Symposium on Science and Technology Education (BalticSTE2019) held in Šiauliai, Lithuania, June 17-19, 2019. This symposium was organized by the Scientific Methodical Center "Scientia Educologica" in cooperation with the Institute of Education, Šiauliai University. The proceedings are comprised of forty-five short papers that address the theme of current challenges and possible solutions in science and technology education. Keynote speakers include: Andris Broks, Todar Lakhvich, Solange W. Locatelli, Malgorzata Nodzynska, Dusica Rodic, and Tiia Rüütmann. [Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]

The aim of this article is to report the validity and reliability of Teacher Leadership Inventory (TLI). The sample of the study consists of 244 trained teachers who are chosen using random sampling technique from 19 secondary schools in Perak. The content validity, criterion validity and construct validity analyses have been carried out by using this set of data. The findings of this study using exploratory factor analysis through orthogonal rotation with varimax method has formed three factors, consisted of 15 items of TLI with factor loadings range from 0.54-0.84. The reliability Cronbach Alpha coefficient for the overall item is 0.85, meanwhile for each factors developed ranged from 0.66 to 0.91. As the conclusion, these analyses have generated a new pool of TLI item to measure the construct of Teacher Leadership elements in Malaysian Educational context. [For the complete proceedings, see ED600498.]

The aim of the 2018 International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS) Cognition and Exploratory Learning in the Digital Age (CELDA) conference was to address the main issues concerned with evolving learning processes and supporting pedagogies and applications in the digital age. There have been advances in both cognitive psychology and computing that have affected the educational arena. The convergence of these two disciplines is increasing at a fast pace and affecting academia and professional practice in many ways. Paradigms such as just-in-time learning, constructivism, student-centered learning and collaborative approaches have emerged and are being supported by technological advancements such as simulations, virtual reality and multi-agent systems. These developments have created both opportunities and areas of serious concerns. This conference aims to cover both technological as well as pedagogical issues related to these developments. Main tracks have been identified. However innovative contributions that do not easily fit into these areas will also be considered as long as they are directly related to the overall theme of the conference -- cognition and exploratory learning in the digital age. The CELDA 2018 Conference received 85 submissions from more than 31 countries. Each submission was reviewed in a double-blind review process by at least two independent reviewers to ensure quality and maintain high standards. Out of the papers submitted, 37 were accepted as full papers, 20 were accepted as short papers, and 5 were accepted as reflection papers. In addition to the presentation of full, short and reflection papers, the conference also includes one keynote presentation from internationally distinguished researcher, Professor Tobias Ley, Professor for Learning Analytics and Educational Innovation, Head of the Center of Excellence in Educational Innovation, Tallinn University, Estonia. Individual papers contain figures, tables, and references. An author index is provided.

There is concern internationally that socio-economic class and ethnicity remain the most significant predictors of outcomes in mathematics; performance is often largely dependent on family income and level of parental education. Consequently the influence of pupils' socio-economic backgrounds remains a major challenge to those of us in the field concerned with achieving equitable education. However, the ways in which socio-economic factors play out in different parts of the world subject to different political systems and structures, remains unclear. In this paper we present an analysis of mathematics achievement in Penang to offer a localized perspective on the ways in which socio-economic status and ethnicity affect achievement. [For the complete proceedings, see ED597799.]

This research studies the effects of an interactive multimedia mobile learning application on students' understanding of chemistry concepts. The Organic Chemistry Reaction Application (OCRA), a mobile learning prototype with touch screen commands, was applied in this research. Through interactive multimedia techniques, students can create and visualize the mechanistic steps of an organic chemistry reaction. Ninety-two students who were either assigned to a control or an experimental group participated in the research. Data collection included achievement in the pre- and posttest, and students' responses in a questionnaire that examined their perception towards the OCRA. The findings demonstrated that students' attitudes towards the OCRA were positive while their test scores have improved. It is concluded that the teaching and learning approach applied in the OCRA has engaged students in learning organic chemistry and develop their conceptual thinking, leading to deeper understanding of chemistry concepts. [For the complete proceedings, see ED579395.]

We are delighted to welcome you to the International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT) 2016, taking place in Lisbon, Portugal, from 30 of April to 2 of May, 2016. Psychology, nowadays, offers a large range of scientific fields where it can be applied. The goal of understanding individuals and groups (mental functions and behavioral standpoints), from this academic and practical scientific discipline, is aimed ultimately to benefit society. This International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the several areas within the Psychology field, new developments in studies and proposals for future scientific projects. The goal is to offer a worldwide connection between psychologists, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in psychological issues. The conference is a forum that connects and brings together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. There is an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement the view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons there are nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounter and development. InPACT 2016 received 332 submissions, from 37 different countries, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take form of Oral Presentations, Posters, Virtual Presentations and Workshops. It was accepted for presentation in the conference 96 submissions (29% acceptance rate). The conference also includes: (1) A keynote presentation from Prof. Dr. Richard Bentall (Institute of Psychology, Health & Society of the University of Liverpool, United Kingdom); (2) Three Special Talks, one from Emeritus Professor Carlos Amaral Dias (University of Coimbra, Director of Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Vice-President of the Portuguese Association of Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, Private practitioner of psychiatry and psychoanalysis, Portugal) and Prof. Clara Pracana (Full and Training member of the Portuguese Association of Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, Portugal), another from Emeritus Professor Michael Wang (University of Leicester, United Kingdom), and a third one from Dr. Conceição Almeida (Founder of the Portuguese Association of Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytical Psychotherapy, and Vice-President of the Board. Member of the Teaching Committee, Portugal); (3) An Invited Talk from Dr. Ana Vasconcelos (SAMS--Serviços de Assistência Médico-Social do Sindicato dos Bancários de Sul e Ilhas, founding member of the Portuguese Association of Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, and member of NPA-Neuropshycanalysis Association, Portugal). Thus, we would like to express our gratitude to all our invitees. This volume is composed by the abstracts of the International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT 2016), organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (W.I.A.R.S.). This conference addresses different categories inside Applied Psychology area and papers fit broadly into one of the named themes and sub-themes. To develop the conference program six main broad-ranging categories had been chosen, which also cover different interest areas: (1) In CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY: Emotions and related psychological processes; Assessment; Psychotherapy and counseling; Addictive behaviors; Eating disorders; Personality disorders; Quality of life and mental health; Communication within relationships; Services of mental health; and Psychopathology. (2) In EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY: Language and cognitive processes; School environment and childhood disorders; Parenting and parenting related processes; Learning and technology; Psychology in schools; Intelligence and creativity; Motivation in classroom; Perspectives on teaching; Assessment and evaluation; and Individual differences in learning. (3) In SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY: Cross-cultural dimensions of mental disorders; Employment issues and training; Organizational psychology; Psychology in politics and international issues; Social factors in adolescence and its development; Social anxiety and self-esteem; Immigration and social policy; Self-efficacy and identity development; Parenting and social support; and Addiction and stigmatization. (4) In LEGAL PSYCHOLOGY: Violence and trauma; Mass-media and aggression; Intra-familial violence; Juvenile delinquency; Aggressive behavior in childhood; Internet offending; Working with crime perpetrators; Forensic psychology; Violent risk assessment; and Law enforcement and stress. (5) In COGNITIVE AND EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY: Perception, memory and attention; Decision making and problem-solving; Concept formation, reasoning and judgment; Language processing; Learning skills and education; Cognitive Neuroscience; Computer analogies and information processing (Artificial Intelligence and computer simulations); Social and cultural factors in the cognitive approach; Experimental methods, research and statistics; and Biopsychology. (6) In PSYCHOANALYSIS AND PSYCHOANALYTICAL PSYCHOTHERAPY: Psychoanalysis and psychology; The unconscious; The Oedipus complex; Psychoanalysis of children; Pathological mourning; Addictive personalities; Borderline organizations; Narcissistic personalities; Anxiety and phobias; Psychosis; Neuropsychoanalysis. The proceedings contain the results of the research and developments conducted by authors who focused on what they are passionate about: to promote growth in research methods intimately related to Psychology and its applications. It includes an extensive variety of contributors and presenters by sharing their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. Authors will be invited to publish extended contributions for a book to be published by inScience Press. We would like to express thanks to all the authors and participants, the members of the academic scientific committee, partners and, of course, to the organizing and administration team for making and putting this conference together. (Individual papers contain references.) [Abstract modified to meet ERIC guidelines.]

We are delighted to welcome you to the International Conference on Education and New Developments 2015-END 2015, taking place in Porto, Portugal, from 27 to 29 of June. Education, in our contemporary world, is a right since we are born. Every experience has a formative effect on the constitution of the human being, in the way one thinks, feels and acts. One of the most important contributions resides in what and how we learn through the improvement of educational processes, both in formal and informal settings. Our International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the processes, actions, challenges and outcomes of learning, teaching and human development. Our goal is to offer a worldwide connection between teachers, students, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues. We take pride in having been able to connect and bring together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. We counted on an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement our view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons we have many nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounter and development. END 2015 received 528 submissions, from 63 different countries, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take form as Oral Presentations, Posters, Virtual Presentations and Workshops. It was accepted for presentation in the conference, 176 submissions (33% acceptance rate). The conference also includes a keynote presentation from an internationally distinguished researcher, Professor Dr. Martin Braund, Adjunct Professor at Cape Peninsula University of Technology in Cape Town, South Africa and Honorary Fellow in the Department of Education at the University of York, UK, to whom we express our most gratitude. This volume is composed by the proceedings of the International Conference on Education and New Developments (END 2015), organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (W.I.A.R.S.) and had the help of our respected media partners that we reference in the dedicated page. This conference addressed different categories inside the Education area and papers are expected to fit broadly into one of the named themes and sub-themes. To develop the conference program we have chosen four main broad-ranging categories, which also cover different interest areas: (1) In TEACHERS AND STUDENTS: Teachers and Staff training and education; Educational quality and standards; Curriculum and Pedagogy; Vocational education and Counseling; Ubiquitous and lifelong learning; Training programs and professional guidance; Teaching and learning relationship; Student affairs (learning, experiences and diversity); Extra-curricular activities; Assessment and measurements in Education. (2) In PROJECTS AND TRENDS: Pedagogic innovations; Challenges and transformations in Education; Technology in teaching and learning; Distance Education and eLearning; Global and sustainable developments for Education; New learning and teaching models; Multicultural and (inter)cultural communications; Inclusive and Special Education; Rural and indigenous Education; Educational projects. (3) In TEACHING AND LEARNING: Educational foundations; Research and development methodologies; Early childhood and Primary Education; Secondary Education; Higher Education; Science and technology Education; Literacy, languages and Linguistics (TESL/TEFL); Health Education; Religious Education; Sports Education. (4) In ORGANIZATIONAL ISSUES: Educational policy and leadership; Human Resources development; Educational environment; Business, Administration, and Management in Education; Economics in Education; Institutional accreditations and rankings; International Education and Exchange programs; Equity, social justice and social change; Ethics and values; Organizational learning and change. The proceedings contain the results of the research and developments conducted by authors who focused on what they are passionate about: to promote growth in research methods intimately related to teaching, learning and applications in Education nowadays. It includes an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, who will extend our view in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues, by sharing with us their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. (Individual papers contain references.)

This research was conducted in the following four countries: Malaysia, Mexico, Canada, and the United States (US). Educators in each country were asked how US international policies were addressed in their respective curricula. The theoretical construct for critical border dialogism was developed as an outcome of these studies. Critical border dialogism provides a contemplation of the intersection of place-based and border pedagogies, as well as how pedagogies are central to understanding one's own situatedness. Critical border dialogism engages educators in the concepts of heteroglossia, meliorism, critical cosmopolitanism, nepantla, dialogic feminism, and pragmatic hope. The research findings include recommendations for additional in-depth discussions of international policies in the US social studies curriculum, including specific issues.

The global outbreak of Covid-19 has had far-reaching effects on countries worldwide, influencing various aspects of life, economies, and markets. As a result of government policies, organizations have been compelled to adopt remote working arrangements. Within this context, the performance of employees becomes a crucial concern for organizations. To effectively navigate the pandemic and develop a capable and adaptable remote workforce, organizations need to prioritize the development of their human capital. Hence, this review paper focuses on exploring employee training during the Covid-19 period in Malaysia. The findings highlight the importance of training and development programs in successfully navigating the pandemic, as they offer numerous benefits and significantly influence employee performance. A great shift to digitalization of training is noticed with 86% of the companies shift their training and development programs to online, 76% of the companies plan to increase their online training programs, and 68% found online training to be equally effective. However, organizations face specific challenges when implementing virtual training, including the inadequacy of traditional programs and methods, limited collaboration and engagement, difficulties in assessing training outcomes, and issues in sustaining trainees' participation. Additionally, the paper recommends that organizations explore and utilize existing training programs and technologies, while investing further in digitalization and virtual training initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research papers from all over the world are published in thousands of science journals every year. The quality of these papers clearly has to be evaluated, not only to determine their accuracy and contribution to fields of research, but also to help make informed decisions about rewarding scientists with funding and appointments to research positions. The citation-based metric or impact analysis is meant to rank scientific journals, but there have been numerous criticisms over the years of its use as a measure of the quality of individual research papers. A number of Higher education institutions are using bibliometrics based on journal impact factors to rank universities and research institutions which appear to create pressure among social sciences and humanities researchers. The researchers argue that the prevailing system of impact factor is deeply flawed. The transformation of the academic journal and modelling the creation of new knowledge systems are indeed apt and timely. This paper proposes type of renewal that Higher Education and academic knowledge systems require in order to improve their quality, effectiveness and value as an integral part of the research and knowledge building infrastructure of a peculiarly knowledge society. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In most countries, buildings consume about 50% of the total energy. High energy consumption is still addressed by stakeholders through traditional technical methods, such as design considerations. However, studies suggest that strategic actions achieve a zero net energy or low energy goal depending on the behaviour of building occupants. The objective of this study is to develop methods for modeling and evaluating occupant behaviour in green office buildings. Specifically, this paper aims to present the research questions and hypotheses for the main investigation and to identify the predictors of occupant behaviour in conventional and green buildings based on a literature review. The research found that the behaviour of building occupants in interacting with or using the building, such as using blinds, and curtains, controlling lighting, opening and closing windows, the way they dress, and the temperature of their drinking water to adjust the indoor environment to their needs or tastes, has a strategic impact on the energy performance and consumption of the building. The study also found that the building envelope, building services, natural ventilation, daylighting, artificial lighting, and thermal comfort are the most important predictors of occupant behaviour in green office buildings. User satisfaction with the building depends on user interaction with the building system and the extent of user adaptation and social value systems. It is found that the ontology of positivism and the epistemology of objectivism are the appropriate metaphysical orientations for the main research. The main research includes qualitative and quantitative data. The results suggest that performance surveys, simulations, experiments, case studies, and questionnaires are appropriate for the main research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper elaborates on recent studies on renewable energy (solar, bamboo, general RE) in both Indonesia and Malaysia. A series of pertinent studies are identified, and findings and approaches of past publications are reported in this study. The studies are then classified according to the context/theme and focus/approach to form a literature matrix. For the focus/approach, three groups of studies are observed, namely: empirical/experimental study (focusing on technology development), exploratory study (focusing on drivers and impediments), and explanatory study (focusing on demand/supply/impact). The matrix indicates that: research on renewable energy in Indonesia and Malaysia is still limited. The implementation of renewable energy technology needs to be studied in order to be carried out effectively. The direction of further research proposed by the researcher is expected to broaden the understanding of renewable energy in Indonesia and Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy efficiency labels are commonly used tools to reduce the energy uses for household appliances for many countries around the world. The energy label targets to fight climate change, protect the environment, and supports Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper demonstrates the implementations and developments of energy label in Malaysia. Energy label entails the continuous and prolonged efforts and insights towards finding a balance between social welfare, economic development, and environmental impact. In addition, energy label information and the opinions of people around as external factors are also affecting the purchase intention. Interestingly, the energy consumption growth remained below the GDP growth rate. It is an effective approach to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, save consumers' electricity bills in the long run and reduce the dependence on fossil fuel. Through energy label, companies are encouraged to develop and invest in energy-efficient product design. The Energy Commission (EC) issued energy label to manufactures that fulfil energy performance tests, standards, and requirements started development of implementation energy label in Malaysia. The main goal of energy label is to enable consumers to choose products that consume less energy and save money. Additionally, energy label is among several initiatives implemented by the government to support energy efficiency agenda in Malaysia. Furthermore, a great sense of accountability demonstrated with energy label will influence the private and public sectors to adopt energy-efficient behavior when making decisions. This study offers implication of energy label from the sides of policy makers, and consumers, whereas the implementation of the label in the country is significant to support the SDGs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examined and testing the competency levels of events tourist leaders in dealing with skills and knowledge for strategic leadership and management issues. In order to make it more meaningful and valuable, although there is abundance of tourism industry practices and activities, there appears to be unclear definition of what actually is the task for leadership professional among tour event leaders. Therefore, this paper had collated and considered the attributes which was determined by those professional bodies and in line with the demands of the industry. A 23-item to measure leadership professionals' competency in managing sustainable tourism events was developed. Evaluation of the mean square infit and outfit suggests the data exhibited, fit the model. Further, responses to the statements in the questionnaire showed greater consistency and higher reliability coefficient. Competency in managing systems in full operational condition at all times for sustainable events appears to be at the highest logit and is more difficult to attain than the rest of the other criteria. The results of this paper also confirm the robustness of the International Standards Organization's model of evaluation level of leadership competency standard in events industry. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper examines the best practices of innovative global Islamic micro finance governance in relations to independence, competency, confidentiality and consistency and shariah compliance issues. An innovative framework to support the Islamic microfinance institutions in discharging its duties in matters relating to Shariah was formulated within the context of the governance of Shariah Islamic microfinance among Islamic microfinance institutions in Malaysia. The governance model supports the robustness of the Grameen model. Initial investigation revealed that specific policies oriented towards the start-up and growth of innovative higher-growth enterprise was lacking. Although these institutions are able to point out a number of good examples of governance initiatives, however these examples generally not the outcome of a cohesive integrated IMFI's policy framework. Thus, there is an urgent need for the researchers to propose and develop innovative framework that examines the current best practices of global Islamic micro finance governance. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Parenting style is one of the factors which can influence the occurrence of student discipline problems in school. There are four types of parenting styles according to Baumrind's Theory of Parenting (1991) which are authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and neglectful. This paper reviews the influenced of parenting style towards students' disciplinary problems and students' happiness in the Malaysian perspective by conducting Literature Review. The findings of this study are based on the findings of studies which conducted by previous researchers. In addition, this study also examines the types of parenting styles that are often practiced by parents which their children involved with disciplinary problems in school. The parenting style practiced by parents can influence the child's personality and behavior, which is indirectly associated to the disciplinary problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forecasting studies of crude oil price depends heavily on historical data. These data should be stationary, consistent, and homogeneous when they are used for frequency analyses or to simulate a model. To determine whether the data meet these criteria, the researcher needs a simple but efficient screening procedure. Such a procedure is described in this paper. A time series of crude oil price data is volatile if its statistical properties are unaffected by choice of time origin. The basic data-screening procedure presented in this research is based upon split-record tests for stability of the variance and mean of such a time series. Although the stability of these two properties indicates only a weak form of volatility, this is enough to identify a non-volatile time series or to select those parts of a time series that are acceptable for use. We employed statistical package for social science to simulate the stated screening procedure to find out how good the data is for further forecasting procedures. It was found out that, after employing all the techniques, the data is found to be rich for forecasting of crude oil price for petroleum industry in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Road traffic accidents involving motorcyclists have increased steadily over the years in Malaysia. The causation of road traffic accidents is normally related to individual and environment factors. Therefore, this review aims to identify human risk factors for road traffic accidents among motorcyclists in Malaysia. We conducted a systematic review on the following electronic databases: Scopus, Wiley Online Library, Emerald, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS) from 1970-2017. A total of 1369 titles were identified and following the screening and review processes (i.e. title screening, abstract screening and full text reviewed), only four studies were included. Results showed that motorcyclists' traffic violation behavior is the main risk factor that contributes to road traffic accidents. This review paper helps to provide an understanding of the role of human factor contributing to road traffic accidents in Malaysia. It is suggested that an effective road safety campaigns could help in reducing the number of road traffic accidents in the future. More studies are needed to provide a better insight on the risk factors that lead to road traffic accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent massive critical data leaks by Wikileaks suggest how fragile national security is from the perspective of information system and network sustainability. This incident raises some causes of concern. Firstly, critical infrastructure such as military and diplomatic systems is not spared from security breach. Secondly, such leak causes far-reaching damage to public interests, national security and economic sustainability. And thirdly, both technology and law seem incapable of dealing with such situation. Malaysia is not spared from the risk of information security attacks. Its ten critical sectors as identified in its National Cyber Security Policy (NCSP) -national defence and security; banking and finance; information and communications; energy, transport and water; government, emergency and medical services; as well as food and agriculture-can at any time fall victim to security breaches and data leaks if efforts to protect their system are flawed. The objective this paper is to outline the problems and challenges from the points of legal framework that Malaysia should anticipate and address in maintaining and sustaining its national CII. The paper first look at the problem of data breaches in the world and examine how as the technology becomes more superior, the cyber-world becomes more vulnerable to data breaches. Tied to that is the notion of critical information infrastructure (CIIs). As more and more of these CIIs are connected and dependent on connectivity, the normal incidence of data breach can be a potential of human loss and catastrophe. The paper next look at the concept of critical information security in Malaysia and examine the seriousness of data breaches in Malaysia. The paper seeks to explore legal options that Malaysia can adopt in preparing itself to more data breaches onslaught. It is the basic contention of the paper that the traditional legal framework should be reformed in line with the advances of the information and communications technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Overloaded vehicles may cause excessive wearing and damages to pavements, roads and bridges. They also threaten the road safety and contribute to several fatal accidents, thus the governments around the world have implemented axle load limitations. This paper investigates the overloading level at the southern part of North-South Expressway in Malaysia. The data were gathered from three survey stations located along the southern part of North-South Expressway for a period of one year. It was found that overloaded axles form a considerable percentage of the total volume. It has been recommended that enforcement level of axle load limitations along the southern part of North-South Expressway should be increased. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]