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Maybe the most grounded contention for the Japanese commerce framework was the surprising capacity and readiness to test and attempt modern things, to see to other frameworks and learn. This was accomplished with eagerness on all fronts within the improvement of Japanese specialized, organizational, administrative and fabricating aptitudes. Japanese industry was checked by fast section into modern areas by firms that delighted in the proceeded bolster of associated companies. Showcase competition was adjusted by budgetary, commercial and generation participation, with the arrangement and operation of keiretsu bunches getting to be an imperative column of the organization of advertise relations in Japan from the 1950s to the show day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In most states in the world, the ethnic structure of the population also includes minorities, which can be massively supported from outside the country by a dominant regional power, in order to produce desired ends during confrontations with hybrid developments. It is envisaged that radicalised ethnic groups will be massively supported by conventional forces, elite structures and paramilitary forces. These forces can act under the auspices of a strong information campaign, launched by an international actor with massive potential. The hybrid spectrum knows no established forms; subtle and subversive implications can result in multiple dimensions intertwining -- political, economic, propaganda, special operations, conventional kinetic operations, non-kinetic implications, social and ethnic disorders, diplomatic or other implications. Romania's requirements, priorities and level of security require a complex analysis of the hybrid risks and challenges manifested globally, regionally and sub-regionally (zonal), which have a relevant level of impact on the Carpathian-Danubian-Pontic area. The analytical dimension must include specific elements, deriving from Romania's location in the external eastern border of NATO and the European Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The four main steps of human evolution: hunting-gathering, farming-livestock herding, industrial era and conception era are considered here as distinct phases parted by dynamic phase transitions. Comparing these social phases enables us to deduce the driving forces occurring during these transitions. At each transition the laymen lost some previous advantages, these losses had to be balanced by some counterweights, the transition driving forces. For instance, the first transition is shown to result from an equilibrium between efficiency and power, social partition and religion. Other transitions are similarly analysed with evidence for driving forces leading to deep social reconstructions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the ways of how the sample rising powers conduct their humanitarian diplomacy are analyzed since there is heterogeneity such in the other fields of foreign policy implementations. Rising powers' foreign policies and their soft power tools are a debatable issue in general. However, this study goes into much detail within the scope of humanitarian diplomacy and humanitarian aid as a part of it. The case study includes the sample countries which are Turkey, Brazil and China. The official reports, official foreign policies and their implementations are considered in the analysis. Turkey's perception on humanitarian issues is based on the idea of humanity and international responsibility with its historical and cultural history. Brazil's focus on humanitarian issues is mostly related to both its foreign policies and multilateralism tendencies. China has deep philosophical thoughts and some long-term goals. Even the policies of case countries seem in this way in principle and humanitarian issues are universally accepted issues, when the implementations are analyzed, there are some differences that inhibit us to reach a general conclusion and prove the heterogeneity in the practices. Thus, this study is an important contribution for such privatized diplomacy theme regarding the sample rising powers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The majority of intercultural studies are preferring a sample with two cultures, even such a study can't provide a complex understanding about the importance of culture in the international context. The most complex Cross Cultural studies (Schwartz, GLOBE, Hofstede, and Trompenaars) include a large number of cultures, but time and costs remain major obstacles for an exhaustive analyses. The aim of this article is to present relevant intercultural values that characterize Iceland and Romania: history, language, power distance and conflict management. This study it is a synchronic one because in its content will be analyzed the contemporary situations in the two countries. The analysis is exploratory and it will be used the Locke's consensual inductive system which involves mostly the collections of scholars' opinions but with personal reflections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Being on a verge of a historic moment, the first country to leave the EU, we have as main objective the analysis on the impact in the media on the influence on Brexit's FDI across the union. Unlike previous studies, our research falls between two key moments, the decision of the UK to leave the EU, until signing documents. Our research is a qualitative study carried out by analyzing the content of a set of articles from the period 2016-2017 of the first publications in the UK, both in terms of readers and granted confidence according to the ATLAS workbench for data processing. The result lies in a better understanding of the effect that it has Brexit on the FDI both in the UK and in the entire union. The added value of this paper constitutes a forecast of the situation in the foreign investments medium term in the European space with a legislative support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Political scientists currently devote considerable effort to forecasting, but when it comes to policy, they rarely deal with content as opposed to efficacy, efficiency, or cost effectiveness. Similarly, they hardly ever consider "speaking truth to power" to be their obligation. This article suggests that policy and ethics would benefit if political scientists, like economists, would utilize their skills to do so. Caution, though, is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within political life, the determining role is given to political parties in their capacity as actors in the electoral campaign and in the race for political power. This is the reason for which we believe that the means of financing political parties and the electoral campaigns in which they partake is an important aspect within the electoral reform, as without an adequate funding their chances of winning the electoral race are drastically reduced. On the other hand, funding of political parties is of great interest as the lack of transparency which usually encircles this process can lead to a dangerous phenomenon, namely corruption. Throughout this article we present the current situation and critically analyze the changes which the Romanian legislature plans to apply to the political party financing law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the institutional changes to European Union diplomacy constituted by the Lisbon Treaty and the creation of the European External Action Service. These changes were meant to solve serious problems of horizontal and vertical incoherence in EU diplomacy that were caused by the network organization of EU diplomacy and the divide between supranational and intergovernmental policy areas. The approach is based on three separate analytical dimensions. The first focuses on the reorganisation of the decision-making and policy-planning structures in Brussels, where particularly the new double-hatted post of High Representative and Vice-president of the Commission represents a watershed in EU internal coordination. Secondly, the constitution of the network of EU actors that act internationally is analysed, with special attention given to the now even more central role of the EU Delegations to third states, around which EU diplomatic representation has been streamlined. The picture is more muddied with respect to the EU's participation in international organisations, with the main obstacles to a more coherent EU diplomacy remains: The clash between the EU's non-state nature and the internal law of international organizations. Thirdly, it is argued that the recent institutional changes are indicative of a strategic shift in EU diplomacy, away from traditional transformative objectives of a structural nature and towards the consolidation of a more traditional Westphalian paradigm of the defence of interests in competition with other actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Black Sea is politically divided between the European Union, countries aspiring to join the EU and the Russian Federation. From an economic perspective, the area has a huge potential for development and is "claimed" by the same political actors. In 1992, BSEC (Black Sea Economic Cooperation) was formed and it includes, along with the six riparian countries, eight countries in order to meet their economic power in order to achieve regional development. In the period 2004-2012 the economy Black Sea countries experienced strongly fluctuated, which was strongly connected to the global economy, the inflow of capital in the region and the influence of the global economic crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Living in the Era of constant change and anticipated movements seems to remain the struggling of working out the perfect global strategy, based on both well-developed cooperation skills and most of all, the supreme power conquer. The change from one domain to the other, one alliance to another, every single country comes as no surprise when the big reveal is made - whether going for an increased level of mass-destruction weapons or just a simple deception that is due to put down an entire civilization, leaders are the ones to be held responsible when bad things occur. History shows us how easily deception can be made, and how easily a poor-developed country can actually gain power over a twice as much developed one. Those days, collaboration among cultures and countries is imminent, without which failure is closer than ever. The key is held in the Intelligence and among the main characteristics of a real leader, whose powerful and strategic skills are meant to turn him into the best decision maker of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]