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For the forty-fourth time, the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented online and onsite during the annual AECT Convention. Volume 1 contains papers dealing primarily with research and development topics. Papers dealing with the practice of instructional technology including instruction and training issues are contained in Volume 2. [For volume 1, see ED617428.]

For the forty-third time, the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented online during the annual AECT Convention. Volume 1 contains 37 papers dealing primarily with research and development topics. Papers dealing with the practice of instructional technology including instruction and training issues are contained in Volume 2. [For Volume 2, see ED617422.]

For the forty-second time, the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the annual AECT Convention in Las Vegas, Nevada. The Proceedings of AECT's Convention are published in two volumes. Volume 1 contains papers dealing primarily with research and development topics. Twenty-three papers dealing with the practice of instructional technology including instruction and training issues are contained in Volume 2. [For Volume 1, see ED609416.]

For the forty-second time, the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the annual AECT Convention in Las Vegas, Nevada. The Proceedings of AECT's Convention are published in two volumes. Volume 1 contains 37 papers dealing primarily with research and development topics. Papers dealing with the practice of instructional technology including instruction and training issues are contained in Volume 2. [For Volume 2, see ED609417.]

We compared students' performance on a paper-based test (PBT) and three computer-based tests (CBTs). The three computer-based tests used different test navigation and answer selection features, allowing us to examine how these features affect student performance. The study sample consisted of 9,698 fourth through twelfth grade students from across the U.S. who were randomly assigned to take a test in one of the four modes. CBT modes differed in whether students could skip questions and freely move through the test, and whether students could click directly on the answer choice or had to click on a radio button at the bottom of the screen. Rasch analysis was used to estimate item difficulties and student performance levels. Student performance level was then used as an outcome in hiearchal linear models to determine the mode effects. We found that student performance was unaffected by whether the test was paper-based or computer-based. A comparison of student performance on the three CBTs indicated that restricting test navigation did not affect student performance, but allowing students to select an answer choice by directly clicking on it improved student performance. Our findings show that CBTs can be considered equivalent to PBTs, and the results can also be used to inform best practices for the design of other CBTs.

For the forty-first time, the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the annual AECT Convention in Kansas City, Missouri. The Proceedings of AECT's Convention are published in two volumes. Volume 1 contains twenty-seven papers dealing primarily with research and development topics. Twenty-one papers dealing with the practice of instructional technology including instruction and training issues are contained in Volume 2. [For Volume 2, see ED600552.]

For the thirty-ninth time, the Research and Theory Division of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the annual AECT Convention in Las Vegas, Nevada. The Proceedings of AECT's Convention are published in two volumes. Volume 1 contains 24 papers dealing primarily with research and development topics. Fifteen papers dealing with the practice of educational communications and technology are contained in Volume 2. The 24 papers included in Volume 1 are: (1) New Definition of Educational Technology (Jafar Ahmadigol); (2) Using Concept Mapping as Note Taking Strategies in Undergraduate Science Courses (Danilo M. Baylen, Erin Duckett, Runeshia Parker, and Elvira Arellano); (3) An eLearning Strategy for New Media Literacy Within a Participatory Culture (Berkay Bulus, J. Ana Donaldson, and Aytekin Isman); (4) Turning Passive Watching to Active Learning: Engaging Online Learners Through Interactive Video Assessment (Huei-Lien Chen); (5) Strengthening Learner Participation in Online Courses: The Role of Digital Content Curation (Ana-Paula Correia and Nadia Jaramillo); (6) Cognitive Load as an Inhibitor to Technology Adoption in P-12 Schools (Tara Dalinger, Scott Haselwood, Jose Fulgencio, Cates Schwark, Ying Xiu, and Tutaleni Asino); (7) Instructional Methods for Online Writing Courses: A Case Study (Ryan Eller, Karen Wisdom, and Bude Su); (8) Design Thinking: A New Construct for Educators (Kristin Elwood); (9) Survey of Teacher Educators on Professional Development Materials Used for Technology Integration Training (Hoyet H. Hemphill, Erkan Caliskan, and Leaunda S. Hemphill); (10) An Investigation of Secondary Pre-Service Music Teachers' Pedagogical Content Knowledge and Teacher's Self-Efficacy Through Peer Mentoring: A Case Study of the Graduate School of Music Education in South Korea (Eunjin Kim and Byungro Lim); (11) Creative Teacher, Creative Teaching: Identifying Indicators and Inspiration for Professional Innovation in the Teaching Environment (Jody Lawrence); (12) Creativity in Education (Jody Lawrence); (13) VoiceThread: A Design Critique Model for Implementing Asynchronous Feedback into Online, Problem-Based Learning (Jody Lawrence and Stephanie Watson Zollinger); (14) Using Telepresence Robots to Provide Authentic Communicative Practices to Remote Foreign Language Learners (Jian Liao); (15) Perceptions of Technology Integration and Creative Curricula in Child Education (Ashley McArthur, Holly H. Ellis, and Byron Havard); (16) Technology Integration Matrix: Benefits to the Pre-Service Educator (Kelly McKenna, Catherine Otieno, and Lindsey Schulz); (17) The Influence of the Teaching Practicum on Pre-Service Teachers' Perceptions of Good Teaching (Eunkyung Moon, Eunhye Lee, Yonjin Lee, Hoilym Kwon, Wonsug Shin, and Innwoo Park); (18) A Creative Way to Build Confidence and Preparedness for Face-to-Face Interviews: An Online Interview Simulation (DeAnna L. Proctor and Lenora Jean Justice); (19) Designing the Class as a Game to Promote Active Learning in K-12 Education: A Literature Review (Seyedahmad Rahimi and Valerie J. Shute); (20) Designing Health Professions Education to Engender Critical Thinking: A Review of the Literature {Daniel A. Taylor); (21) Faculty Members' Best Practice Standards in the Design of Higher Education Online Courses (Berhane Teclehaimanot and Henry Marshall); (22) Video that Matters: Enhancing Student Engagement Through Interactive Video-Centric Program in Online Courses (Sirui Wang and Huei-Lien Chen); (23) Google Apps as Research Tools (Nicola Wills-Espinosa and Gabriela Jalil); and (24) How Web 2.0 Technologies Drive Learning Integration by Using Twitter in the Teaching Process (Kübra Sultan Yüzüncüyil and J. Ana Donaldson). (Individual papers contain references.) [For Volume 2, see ED579662.]

The 25th European Association of Computer-Assisted Language Learning (EUROCALL) conference was hosted by Modern Languages and Linguistics at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom, from the 23rd to the 26th of August 2017. The theme of the conference was "CALL in a climate of change." The theme encompassed the notion of how practice and research in CALL is responding to shifting global circumstances which impact education, including developments arising from economic, political, or environmental change. It cut across areas including considerations for teacher training, competitive educational models, open education, new models for blended learning, collaboration, mobile learning, creative and innovative pedagogy, data analytics, students' needs and sustainability--and crucially, it looked to the future with optimism. The programme was packed with over 200 sessions related to this topic, and it included a large number of workshops, pecha kucha, posters, and symposia. This volume offers a snapshot of this dynamic landscape and contains 60 of the papers presented. This volume reflects the wide variety of topics featured at the conference and the high quality of contributions. (Individual papers contain references.)

What do citizens of the United States and Germany think about their schools and school policies? This paper offers the first broad comparison of public thinking on education in the two countries. We carried out opinion surveys of representative samples of the German and American adult populations in 2014 that included experiments in which we provided additional information to randomly selected subgroups. The paper first describes key characteristics of the U.S. and German education systems and then analyzes how information and institutional context affect public beliefs in the two countries. Results indicate both similarities and differences in the structure of American and German public opinion on schools and school policies. Contains a Methodological Appendix. [Paper prepared for the conference on Public Opinion and the Political Economy of Education, Munich, May 9, 2015. Financial support was provided by the Leibniz Association.]

This Yearbook begins with the article representing Ellen Jampole's presentation to the CRA membership. In her presidential address, Ellen had the audience alternately laughing, considering, and reminiscing about how she and other academics understand and develop the knowledge they carry. She shares these same themes in her narrative, "Traditions, Storying, and Crossroads" that follows the conference theme and introduces the "Issues in Changing Times" that organizes this edition. The papers comprising this Yearbook that follow Jampole's presidential address are: (1) Getting the Facts Right in Books for Young Readers: Researching "Mailing May" (Michael Tunnel); (2) Teachers of English Learners: Issues of Preparation and Professional Development (MaryEllen Vogt); (3) Teacher Knowledge and Teaching Reading (Mia Callahan, Vicki B. Griffo, and P. David Pearson); (4) Contextualizing Reading Courses Within Political and Policy Realities: A Challenge to Teacher Educators (Jerry Johns); (5) The Lost Art of Teaching Reading (Tim Rasinski); (6) Critical Inquiries in Oral Language Production: Preservice Teachers' Responses to Students' Linguistic Diversity (Donna Glenn Wake); (7) Case Study of a Middle School Student Attending a Separate Reading Class (Amy Alexandra Wilson); (8) Collaboration and Discovery: A Pilot Study of Leveling Criteria for Books Written in Spanish for K-3rd Grade (Mayra Daniels and Verna Rentsch); (9) Teachers' Talk: Teachers' Beliefs About Factors Affecting Their Classrooms (Merry Boggs and Susan Szabo); (10) "Most of the Focus Was on Reading": A Comparison of Elementary Teachers' Preparation in Reading and Writing (Brandi Gribble Mathers, Carolyn Shea, and Sara Steigerwald); (11) Teaching Expository Text Structures: Using Digital Storytelling Techniques to Make Learning Explicit (Donna Glenn Wake); (12) The Strategy Debate: How Teacher Educators and Textbooks May Contribute to Confusing Terminology (Margieren Larmon Whalen); (13) Investigating Alternative-Certification Teacher Candidates' Self-Efficacy and Outcome-Expectancy Beliefs Toward the Teaching of Reading (Agnes Stryker and Susan Szabo); (14) Consensus Building Through the Lens of Q Methodology: Defining Profiles for Effective Models of Professional Development (Kristin Lynn Still and Jaclyn Prizant Gordon); (15) School Reform: An Inside View of Professional Development (Linda E. Martin and Sherry Kragler); (16) Teachers' Perceptions of Effective Professional Development Activities in a Case Study School (Aimee I. Morewood and Rita M. Bean); (17) Free Book Programs from Birth to Five: A Preliminary Look at the Data Regarding Preschool Reading Readiness (Ronald S. Reigner); (18) The Tale of Three States' Reading Tests: Commonalities, Differences, and Implications (Mary F. Roe, Jane Ellen Brady, and Kara Riebold); (19) Guided Reading: It's for Primary Teachers? (Jackie Fergeson and Jenny Wilson); (20) English Language Learning and Reading Comprehension: What We Know and What We Need to Know (Ana Toboada); and (21) The Bookstore Project: How One ELL Teacher Used Project Work to Promote Reading (Jennifer Pool Cheatham and Martha M. Foote). (Individual papers contains tables, figures, and references.)

For the thirty-fourth year, the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the annual AECT Convention in Jacksonville, FL. A limited quantity of these Proceedings were printed and sold in both hardcopy and electronic versions. The Proceedings of AECT's Convention are published in two volumes. Volume #1 contains papers dealing primarily with research and development topics. Papers dealing with the practice of instructional technology including instruction and training issues are contained in Volume #2. This year, both volumes are included in one document. (Individual papers contain references, tables, and figures.) [For Volumes 1 and 2 of the 2010 proceedings, see ED514646 and ED514647.]

The 2016 Central States Conference on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (CSC), a joint conference with the Ohio Foreign Language Association, focused on fostering language and culture connections within and outside the language classroom and across the curriculum at all levels. A variety of approaches aimed at improving skills in language, literacy, and critical thinking were highlighted in order to engage students and prepare them for global citizenship in the 21st century. This 2016 report entitled "Fostering Connections, Empowering Communities, Celebrating the World," contains 12 articles that focus on fostering connections between and among language students and teachers, language, culture and content, the language classroom and the world and between K-12 and higher education. Through the integration of meaningful curricula, engaging learning tasks, media and technology, authentic materials, and cultural products in the language classroom, teachers can connect their language classrooms with the authentic lives of their learners. All of these articles underscore the important role of connecting learners with the target language and culture through a variety of means aimed at improving language skills, knowledge and attitudes of language learners in order to prepare them for global citizenship in the 21st century.

The National Assessment Summit was designed to bring together users and producers of assessments and engage them in a discussion of unmet assessment needs and untapped assessment capacities. The meeting was truly a summit in that national foreign language organizations and associations were asked to nominate representatives to bring their organization's perspective to the forum and also to take back to their organization ideas for action. Specifically, the National Assessment Summit aimed to identify a set of priorities for the next two years (2005-07). At a follow-up National Assessment Summit in 2007 in Portland, Oregon, under the sponsorship of the Center for Applied Second Language Studies (CASLS) at the University of Oregon and the Center for Advanced Research in Language Acquisition (CARLA) at the University of Minnesota, these organizations will gather to report on progress made and to consider an agenda for the following two years (2007-09). The National Assessment Summit identified seven priorities for the coming two years. Each priority is addressed in a section of this series of papers and is authored by one of the participants. These priorities are: (1) Articulation; (2) Assessment Literacy; (3) Suite of Assessments; (4) Test Database; (5) Models and Anchors; (6) Research; and (7) Advocacy. Taken as a whole, these papers describe state-of-the-art language assessment and articulate a two-year agenda for improving assessment and educational practice. This publication includes: (1) Introduction (Carl Falsgraf); (2) Achieving Articulation through Assessment (Jacque Bott Van Houten); (3) Assessment Literacy (Peggy Boyles); (4) Suite of Assessments (Ann Tollefson); (5) Foreign Language Assessment Database (Margaret E. Malone and David W. MacGregor); (6) Models and Anchors (Elvira Swender); (7) Assessments Research (Ursula Lentz); (8) Promoting Language Advocacy Through Assessment (Martha G. Abbott); and (9) Conclusion (Paul Sandrock). Individual papers contain references and footnotes.

For the twenty-eighth year, the Research and Theory Division of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the National AECT Convention in Orlando, Florida. The Proceedings of AECT's Convention are published in two volumes. Volume 1 contains papers dealing primarily with research and development topics. (Individual papers contain references, figures, and tables.) [For Volume 2, see ED499963.]

For the twenty-seventh year, the Research and Theory Division of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the National AECT Convention in Chicago, Illinois. The Proceedings of AECT's Convention are published in two volumes. Volume 2 contains papers primarily dealing with instruction and training issues. (Individual papers contain references, figures, and tables.) [For Volume 1, see ED499961.]

For the thirty-seventh year, the Research and Theory Division and the Division of Instructional Design of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) sponsored the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the annual AECT Convention in Jacksonville, Florida. This year's Proceedings is presented in two volumes--Volume 1 includes twenty-seven research and development papers. Volume 2 includes thirty-one papers on the practice of educational communications and technology. The 31 papers with respective authors included in Volume 2 are: (1) Evaluation of Education and ICT Network (EBA) Based on Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 (Ayse Aydin Akkurt, Murat Ataizi, Haci Mustafa Dönmez); (2) Factors That May Influence Instructors' Choices of Including Social Media When Designing Online Courses (Laura L. Alderson, Deborah L. Lowther); (3) A Proposed Framework for Designing MOOCs Based on the Learning Sciences and the First Principles of Instruction (Hawazen Alharbi, Michele Jacobsen); (4) Renaissance 2.0: Connecting Dots (Aras Bozkurt); (5) In the Learner-focused Course Design: Games and Sims 101 (Joanne E. Beriswill); (6) Anatomy of the Megatech Project: A Goal-Based Scenario for Computing Fundamentals (Joanne E. Beriswill); (7) Meaningful Stimulus for a Segmented Instructional Animation: Reflection versus Prediction (Jongpil Cheon, Sungwon Chung, Steven M. Crooks); (8) A National Study of School Library Websites: Preliminary Design & Usability Guidelines (Anthony S. Chow, Rebecca J. Morris, Amy Figley, Jessica Sherard); (9) Designing a Responsive E-Learning Infrastructure: Systemic Change in Higher Education (Anthony S. Chow, Rebecca A. Croxton); (10) Using Addie and Systems Thinking as the Framework for Developing a MOOC: A Case Study (Rebecca A. Croxton, Anthony S. Chow); (11) Video Games and Learning: What Boys Learn From Vidoe Games and Can it Map to the Common Core Standards? (Jason A. Engerman, Alison Carr-Chellman); (12) Interpreting the Aesthetics of Games and Evaluating its Effect on Problem-Solving Using Visualization Theory (Diali Gupta, Beaumie Kim); (13) Designing Feedback to Increase Interaction and Learning in an Online Self-Study Course (Jacob A. Hall, Tiffany A. Koszalka, Lina Souid, Yufei Wu); (14) How a Once-Rejected Grant Proposal Was Later Funded by the State of Georgia (Jackie HeeYoung Kim, Moon-Heum Cho); (15) iBooks Author: Potential, Pedagogical Meanings, and Implementation Challenges (Jackie Heeyoung Kim); (16) Creating Participatory Online Learning Environments: A Social Learning Approach Revisited (Heather Lutz, Quincy Conley); (17) Faculty Training on eLearning: An International Performance Improvement Case Study (Eunice Luyegu); (18) Using the Community of Inquiry Framework for Library Science Course Design: An Eastern Caribbean Example (Dorothea Nelson); (19) Technology Enhanced Learning Strategies In K-12 Classrooms (Esther Ntuli); (20) The Role of Digital Game-Based Learning in Enhancing Social Presence (Ela Akgun Ozbek); (21) Digital Science Notebooks to Support Elementary Students' Scientific Practices (Seungoh Paek, Lori A. Fulton); (22) ESL's and PARCC Online Testing (Christine Patti); (23) Teaching Soft Skills with Games and Simulations (Deanna L. Proctor, Lenora Jean Justice); (24) Online Learning: Genie In a Bottle or Pandora's Box? (Angela Doucet Rand, Gayle V. Davidson-Shivers); (25) Promoting Student-Centered Learning: Team-Based Learning In A Technology-Rich Classroom (Mei-Yau Shih, Susan Han); (26) Computers as Critical Thinking Tools: Primarily Self-Directed, Online Capstone Course (Lina Souid, Yufei Wu, Jacob A. Hall, Tiffany A. Koszalka); (27) Collaborative Design of an Online Self-Directed Course: An Example of a Cognitive Apprenticeship (Lina Souid, Yufei Wu, Jacob A. Hall, Tiffany A. Koszalka); (28) Mobile Technology and Applications for Enhancing Achievement in K-12 Science Classrooms: A Literature Review (Sylvia Manka Azinwi Suh); (29) Evaluation of Web-Based English Reading Activities for Adolescent English Language Learners: A Pilot Study (Wan-Chun Tseng, Robert Dustin Florence); (30) Training Instructional Designers As Edupreneurs (Caglar Yildirim, Moonyoung Park, Tera Lawson, Nadia Jaramillo, Ana-Paula Correia, Ritushree Chatterjee, Pinar Arpaci ); and (31) Engaging the Online Language Learner (Julia Zammit, Sally A. Eliot, Caroline Kelly, Trey Martindale). (Individual papers contain references.) [For Volume 1, see ED562046.]

The 2014 Central States Conference on the Teaching of Foreign Languages took place in St. Louis, Missouri with the cooperation of the Foreign Language Association of Missouri. The 2014 conference focused on ways in which foreign language teachers, "unlock" or help to open up lines of communication between their students and people who speak a language other than the native language of their students. Foreign language teachers do so not only by helping students to learn how to express themselves through oral and written communication, but also through cultural knowledge of the target culture. For students to become globally competent citizens, they need to know not only how to communicate through oral and written communication; they must also understand the nuances of a culture. An understanding of the products, practices, and perspectives of a culture are equally important to function in a given culture. The CSCTFL 2014 conference featured 28 workshops and more than 170 sessions. Nine of the 17 central states were represented by "Best of…" sessions. Several presenters from the 2013 conference returned to re-present their session as an "All-Star." The sessions and workshop topics represented at the 2014 conference included the connection to Common Core in the foreign language classroom, the use of technology, teaching for communicative competency, lesson planning, assessment, the integration of culture in the curriculum, and the use of literature, art, music, and film in language classes. The articles in this report pertain to developing communicative competency and cultural competency. By focusing on developing communicative competency and cultural competency, foreign language teachers are able to shape their students into citizens who will be globally competent and be able to communicate and interact effectively in a global society. The authors explain how to achieve these goals through the use of technology in teaching, studying abroad, the use of target language in the classroom, and the role of a textbook in the classroom while promoting communication.

For the thirty-sixth year, the Research and Theory Division of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the annual AECT Convention in Anaheim, California. The Proceedings of AECT's Convention are published in two volumes. Volume 1 contains papers dealing primarily with research and development topics. Papers dealing with the practice of instructional technology including instruction and training issues are contained in Volume 2. (Individual papers contain references.) [For Volume 2, see ED546878.]

For the thirty-sixth year, the Research and Theory Division of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the annual AECT Convention in Anaheim, California. The Proceedings of AECT's Convention are published in two volumes. Volume 1 contains papers dealing primarily with research and development topics. Papers dealing with the practice of instructional technology including instruction and training issues are contained in Volume 2. (Individual papers contain references.) [For Volume 1, see ED546877.]

This publication follows the tradition of publishing selected papers from Pacific Islands Association of Libraries, Archives and Museums (PIALA) annual conferences. This 22th annual conference was held in Tumon, Territory of Guam USA, November 13-16, 2012. The volume begins with a listing of the members of the PIALA 2012 Planning Committee and PIALA Officers and Executive Board, Acknowledgements, and the Conference program schedule. John Fernandez, Superintendent of the Guam Department of Education, provided the keynote address. James Lonergan, U.S. Institute of Museum and Library Services provided opening remarks. Presentations include: (1) Pathways to Excellence And Achievement in Research and Learning (PEARL): Training K-12 School Teams to Support Student Research (Violet H. Harada and Michael-Brian Ogawa); (2) 21st Century Skills and Web Tools for the Library (Sudi Q. Napalan); (3) Guam And Chamorro Educational Facility (Ken Baki); (4) Web 2.0 Technology Tools for the School Library (Alicia Diego and Rose Unpingco); (5) Localizing History for Community Relevance author talk (Judy Flores); (6) "Let Go and Let God" author talk (Genevieve Leon Guerrero); (7) Data Mining Techniques Using a Spreadsheet (Manny Hechanova); (8) Highlights from the IFLA International Leaders Programme (Atarino A. Helieisar); (9) The Instrument of the Book, the Instrument of the Internet: "Thinking" "Information" in the Pacific (Nicholas J. Goetzfridt); (10) Creating Quality Services: Palau Bookmobile Panel Discussion (Joycelene Moses, Mary Arius, Grace Merong, and Pasquana Tirso) and (11) Guam Public Library Bookmobile Outreach Services (Terry Kennimer, Doris A Francisco, and Victor Palomo). Presentations contain individual references. Appended are: (1) PIALA Executive Board Meeting Agenda; (2) American Pacific Territories' "Librarians Say Books Are Here to Stay". "Radio Australia "Pacific Beat" interview : November 15, 2012; (3) Program from Welcome Dinner; (4) Guam Public Library System Bookmobile Brochure; (5) Guam Public Library System Bookmobile Cutout; (6) Guam Public Library System Bookmobile Library Card Group Form; (7) Guam Public Library System Bookmobile Tour Request Form; (8) Guam Public Library System Bookmobile schedule November, 2012; (9) Chronology of PIALA Conferences; and (10) Conference Registration Form.

This book presents a selection of the research and papers presented at the 50th Annual Meeting of the College Reading Association in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in October, 2006. This Yearbook begins with Karen Bromley's presidential address, which explored the future of writing by discussing four predictions: the notion that pens and pencils will be collectors' items, the idea that writing will be electronic and people will read only digital text, the certainty that writing will be more challenging to learn and teach, and the idea that speech will replace writing. The papers comprising this Yearbook that follow Bromley's presidential address are: (1) Pedagogies of the Oppressors: Critical Literacies as Counter Narratives (Patrick Shannon); (2) A Few Words About Sentences (Allen Berger); (3) A Case Study of the Impact of Media Literacy Instruction on At-Risk Young Adolescent Females' Interpretations of Heterosexuality in Magazine Advertisements (Roberta Linder); (4) Preservice Teachers' Interactions While Tutoring Primary Grade Children (Beverly J. Timmons and Denise N. Morgan); (5) Reconnecting the Disconnect: Creating a Service Learning Experimental Program that Links Theory and Practice to Mentored Apprenticeships (Jennifer L. Bozeka, Susan Z. Turner, Jaclyn Prizant Gordon, and Judith M. Hendershot); (6) Using Graphic Organizers to Facilitate Elementary Students' Comprehension of Informational Text (Shirley Ermis); (7) The We Are Reporters Project: Developing an Appreciation and Purpose for Collecting, Recording and Recalling Data Using a Variety of Reporting Techniques (Karen M. Steuerwalt and Evelyn A. O'Connor); (8) Helping English Language Learners: Preparing Teachers to Promote Critical Thinking and Language Acquisition (Mayra C. Daniel); (9) Differentiated Instruction: Three Teacher's Perspectives (Jennifer P. Bailey and Thea Hayes Williams-Black); (10) Can You Hear Me Now? Providing Feedback Using Audio Commenting Technology (Allison Swan Dagen, Cheryl Mader, Steven Rinehart, and Philip Ice); (11) Confronting Teacher Education Issues Head-On: Increasing Our Knowledge and Choosing Our Options for Strengthening Teacher Education Programs (Angela M. Ferree, Francine Falk-Ross, Linda Gambrell, Richard Long, Mary Beth Sampson, Kathleen Mohr and Rona F. Flippo); (12) Using Multicultural Literature to Teach Culturally Responsive Instructional Approaches (Donna Glenn Wake and Virginia B. Modla); (13) Using Drawings by Secondary Preservice Teachers to Study Their Writing Process and Apprehension (Peggy Daisey); (14) Understanding and Applying Reading Instructional Strategies: Implications for Professional Development in the Middle Schools (William Dee Nichols, Robert J. Rickelman, Carl A. Young, and William H. Rupley); and (15) Helping Literacy Centers Come Alive for Teachers: Transitions into Use of Interactive Small Group Reading Stations (Francine Falk-Ross). (Individual papers contain tables, figures, references, and appendices.) [For the twenty-eighth yearbook, "Multiple Literacies in the 21st Century: The Twenty-Eighth Yearbook," see ED512603.]

Several briefing papers were presented during the 14th Annual National Indian Education Association (NIEA) Legislative Summit. This briefing book contains the following papers presented during the summit: (1) Restoring the Trust in Native Education; (2) NIEA Legislative Priorities for 2011: "Talking Points"; (3) Reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act: "NIEA's Ongoing Commitment"; (4) Investing in Tomorrow's Workforce, Colin Kippen, Op-Ed in "The Hill" Publication, Jan. 21, 2011; (5) "Education Secretary: "No Child Left Behind" has led to a 'Dumbing Down'", Emmanuel Touhey, "The Hill", Jan. 28, 2011; (6) "Jobs and American Competitiveness are Top Priorities", Rep. John Kline (R-Minn.), "The Hill" publication, Jan. 25, 2011; (7) Strengthening the Native Voice at the U.S. Department of Education; (8) The President's FY 11 Budget Requests For Native Education; (9) NIEA Appropriations Priorities for 2011; (10) Bureau of Indian Education Schools; (11) Bureau of Indian Education Race to the Top; (12) The Johnson O'Malley Program; (13) Funding Indian Education Through Impact Aid; (14) Insufficient Funding for the Construction and Repair of Bureau of Indian Affairs Schools; (15) Tribal Education Departments; and (16) Funding American Indian--Alaska Native Head Start and Early Head Start Programs. [For the 13th Annual Legislative Summit Briefing Papers, see ED523546.]

This publication follows the tradition of publishing selected papers from Pacific Islands Association of Libraries, Archives and Museums (PIALA) annual conferences. This 19th annual conference was held in Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia, November 16-21, 2009. The volume begins with a listing of the members of the PIALA 2009 Planning Committee and PIALA Officers and Executive Board, Acknowledgements, and the Conference program schedule. Fr. Francis X. Hezel of the Micronesian Seminar presented the keynote address "Pacific Visions: Finding, Selecting, and Using Films for Your Libraries, Archives, & Museums." The presentations include: Library Marketing that Works (Megan Beard); Hospital Medical Libraries Populating the Micronesian Islands (Arlene Cohen); SPC Library's Most Useful and Interesting Resources (Eleanor Kleiber); Go Local: Sharing Knowledge on Local Foods, by the Island Food Community of Pohnpei group (Lois Englberger, Rainer Jimmy, and Adelino Lorens); Switching Library Management Software for the Better: The Experience of The University Of Goroka Library (Leah Kalamoroh); Finding Excellence With a Personal Touch: A Look at Service Benchmarking (Paul B. Drake); Entity Reports from Republic of Palau, Territory of American Samoa, Chuuk State FSM, Territory of Guam, and Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands; Introducing PARBICA (Naomi Ngirakamerang); Boost Literacy @ Your Library: Working Together to Promote Literacy, (Imengel Mad and Cerilla Michael); A Tribute to Lifetime Achievement Award (recipient Iris Falcam); and attendee group photograph. The volume ends with an appended chronology of PIALA conferences and link to fulltext availability. (Individual papers contain references.)

This year's volume of the Central States Conference on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (CSCTFL) Report centering on the conference theme of MultiTasks, MultiSkills, and MultiConnections focused on the importance or world language use within the classroom and beyond with articles extending the conversation on target language use in instruction, on 21st century skills and accompanying Web 2.0 technologies that faculty and students can access and use to connect to the larger world, and applications of standards based instruction at K-16 levels of instruction. The profession's K-16 "Standards for Foreign Language Learning in the 21st Century" are well represented in this year's volume as all articles connect in some manner with one or more of the 5Cs in meaningful ways, demonstrating how the profession has embraced the national conversation on what "students should know and be able to do in a second or multiple language". The collection of articles in the MultiTasks section, share the theme of instructor target language (TL) use with recent attention placed on the role of the target language in instructed situations. In the MultiSkills section of this publication, readers will find a focus on the Partnership for 21st Century skills and technology integration in three articles. Articles in MultiConnections integrate various aspects of language learning usage for various purposes including connections to the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR), to service learning for collegiate intermediate Spanish students not necessarily pursuing a major or minor in the language, and to innovations for providing more literature exposure into language learning. "Innovative Approaches to teaching Literature in the World language classroom," examines the need to provide and support literary texts in language instruction by bridging the gap between developing language proficiency for interpersonal communication and developing literary understanding of authentic literary texts.

This volume contains briefing papers presented at the 13th Annual National Indian Education Association (NIEA) Legislative Summit held in Washington, DC. The following papers are included: (1) NIEA Appropriations Priorities for FY11; (2) The President's Budget Request for Fiscal Year 2011 for Native Education; (3) BIE Race to the Top; (4) Insufficient Funding for the Construction and Repair of BIA Schools; (5) Reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act to Strengthen Native American Education; (6) Funding American Indian-Alaska Native Head Start and Early Head Start; (7) Funding Indian Education through Impact Aid; (8) The Johnson O'Malley Program; (9) Tribal Education Departments; (10) Common Core Standards and Native Students; and (11) High School Equity for Native Students Preparing Native Students to Enter College and the Workforce. Individual papers contain footnotes and endnotes. [For the 12th Annual Legislative Summit Briefing Papers, see ED523545.]

For the thirty-third year, the Research and Theory Division of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. This is Volume #2 of the 33rd "Annual Proceedings of Selected Papers on the Practice of Educational Communications and Technology." This volume includes papers presented at the national convention of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology held in Anaheim, California. The papers in this volume primarily deal with instruction and training issues. Papers dealing with research and development are contained in the companion volume (Volume #1). (Individual papers contain references, tables, and figures.) [For Volume 1, see ED514646.]

For the thirty-third year, the Research and Theory Division of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the national AECT Convention in Anaheim, California. The Proceedings of AECT's Convention are published in two volumes. The papers contained in this volume deal primarily with research and development topics, and represent some of the most current thinking in educational communications and technology. Papers dealing with the practice of instructional technology, including instruction and training issues, are contained in the companion volume (Volume 2). (Individual papers contain references, figures, and tables.) [For Volume 2, see ED514647.]

The title of the twenty-eighth yearbook mirrors the theme of the 2005 conference--"Learning in the 21st Century with Traditional and Electronic Literacies." The editors chose the title "Multiple Literacies in the 21st Century" in an attempt to reflect the contents of this yearbook which seem to approach literacy from a myriad of ways. The keynotes portray this multiplicity. In his presidential address, Jon Shapiro shares a personal account of literacy that reminds everyone of each learner's individual journey. The papers comprising this Yearbook that follow Shapiro's presidential address are: (1) Content-Area Literacy: The Spotlight Shifts to Teacher Educators (Donna E. Alvermann); (2) Living in the Promised Land... Or Can Old and New Literacies Live Happily Ever After in the Classroom? (Linda D. Labbo); (3) Thinking About Our Future as Researchers: New Literacies, New Challenges, and New Opportunities (Jill Castek, Julie Coiro, Douglas K. Hartman, Laurie A. Henry, Donald J. Leu, and Lisa Zawilinski); (4) Writing about African Americans, Their Communities and their Quilts (Bettye Stroud); (5) Insights about Third-Grade Children's Motivation to Read (Barbara Ann Marinak); (6) Marginalization of Adult Literacy Education in Workforce Preparedness Collaboration: Representation and Negotiation in an Interagency Partnership Under the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (Wendy Warnken); (7) Does the Accumulation of Points Really Equate to Higher Motivation to Read? (S. Michael Putnam); (8) Teachers Rate Trade Books for Bullying and the Bystander (Rosemary Murray, Mary Shea, and Rebecca Harlin); (9) Teachers' Use of Text to Deal with Crisis Events (Mary Taylor Rycik); (10) An Investigation of the Knowledge Base and Use of Content Instructional Strategies in Primary Grades by Elementary Preservice Teachers (I. LaVerne Raine, Susan Szabo, Wayne M. Linek, Alison Jones, and Mary Beth Sampson); (11) Text to Test Comparison in Texas: An Analysis of Informational Texts in Basal Readers for Elementary Students (Kathy E. Stephens); (12) Three Views of Content-Area Literacy: Making Inroads, Making it Inclusive, and Making Up for Lost Time (Donna H. Topping, Judith K. Wenrich, and Sandra J. Hoffman); (13) Phonological Awareness and Working Memory in Children with Phonological Impairment (Monica Gordon Pershey and Patricia A. Clickner); (14) The Impact of University Reading Clinics: Parental Perceptions (Stephan E. Sargent, Nancy Hill, and Susan Morrison); (15) University-Based Reading Clinics: Where Are We Now? (Sherrye Dee Garrett, Daniel L. Pearce, Laura Ann P. Salazar, and Roberta Simmacher Pate); (16) Using the "Critical Reading Inventory" to Guide Differentiated Instruction (Mary DeKonty Applegate); (17) Stepping Forward Together: Voicing the Concerns of Teacher Educators through Practical Applications and Collaborative Actions (Francine Falk-Ross, Mary Beth Sampson, Barbara J. Fox, Allen Berger, Jill Lewis, Jack Cassidy, Wayne M. Linek, D. Ray Reutzel, Donna Alvermann, and Deborah Dillon); (18) Writing Through the Arts: Promoting Teacher Efficacy (Diana J. Quatroche, Kathryn Bauserman, Lisa Cutter, Bradford B. Venable, and Sean McKitrick); (19) Getting Your Book Published: Lessons from a Black, Female Writer (Joanne K. Dowdy); (20) More Than Just Words: A Model for Designing Effective Health Messages for Those At-Risk for HIV (Faith H. Wallace, Mary P. Deming, Susan Hunter, Lisa Belcher, and Jayoung Choi); (21) Using a Culturally-Based Responsive Approach to Multicultural Literature: Preparing Pre-Service Teachers to Work with All Students (Virginia B. Modla and Donna Glenn Wake); (22) Electronic Literacy Portfolios: Platforms, Process and Promise a Study of Technology Integration in Literacy Teacher Education (Adrienne Andi Sosin and Miriam Pepper-Sanello); (23) Engaging the Mind Through the Fingers: An Analysis of Online Interaction and Stance (Susan Wegmann); (24) Teaching Online Courses: Lessons Learned (Hellen Inyega and Joanne L. Ratliff); and (25) Using Text-to-Speech Software with Struggling Readers (Ernest Balajthy). (Individual papers contain tables, figures, references, and appendices.) [For "Building Bridges to Literacy. The Twenty-Seventh Yearbook," see ED512606.]

This volume presents briefing papers presented at the 12th annual National Indian Education Association (NIEA) Summit. The following papers are included: (1) 2009 Budget and Past Funding Levels for Native Education; (2) NIEA Appropriations Priorities for FY 2009 and FY 2010; (3) American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009; (4) National Indian Education Association Amendments to the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 in the Senate; (5) National Indian Education Association Amendments to the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 in the House of Representatives; (6) National Native Education Recommendations for the 111th Congress; (7) Reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act/No Child Left Behind; (8) Insufficient Funding for the Construction and Repair of BIA Schools; (9) Funding American Indian-Alaska Native Head Start and Early Head Start; (10) High School Equity for Native Students Preparing Native Students to Enter College and the Workforce; (11) Tribal Education Departments; (12) Funding Indian Education through Impact Aid; and (13) The Johnson O'Malley Program. Individual papers contain references.

The theme of the College Reading Association 2004 annual conference in Delray Beach, Florida, was "Building Bridges: Reaching beyond Our Borders." The articles in this yearbook show how reflection and thinking outside the box will make a difference in preservice teacher education. This Yearbook begins with Wayne Linek's presidential address. In his address, Linek showed how mentoring can be two-way leading to growth and learning for both the mentee and the mentor. The papers comprising this Yearbook that follow Linek's presidential address are: (1) Writing from the Heart (Joyce Sweeney); (2) Learning about Learners: Struggling Readers in a Fourth Grade Literature Discussion Group (Susan B. Porter); (3) The Role of the Literacy Professional in the Middle and High School: Historical Perspectives and Current Policy Issues (Elizabeth G. Sturtevant); (4) Making a Difference in the Public and Policy-Making Arena (Francine Falk-Ross, Mary Beth Sampson, Barbara J. Fox, Allen Berger, Judy Embry, Jill Lewis, D. Ray Reutzel, Wayne M. Linek, and Jack Cassidy); (5) Using the Reflections of Preservice Teachers to Help Teacher Educators Improve Their Own Practice (Susan K. L'Allier); (6) Supporting Pre-Service Teachers' Professional Perceptions of Assessment and Diagnosis of Reading Difficulties in a Museum Professional Development School (Claudia J. McVicker); (7) A Preliminary Look at the Effect of a Change in a Pre-Service Literacy Curricula on the Pedagogical Content Knowledge of Literacy and Theoretical Orientation to Reading of Teacher Candidates (Lois K. Haid); (8) The Guided Literature Learning Strategy: The Process and an Analysis of Pre-Service Teachers' Reflections (Mary DeKonty Applegate and Anthony J. Applegate); (9) Book Microscopes: The Effects of Student Completion of Guided Tasks to Promote L2 Writing Expertise as an Outgrowth of L2 Reading (Mayra C. Daniel); (10) Nonlinear Nonfiction Writing and the I-Chart: Scaffolding for Success (Sylvia Read); (11) Reading for Character: Principles of Bibliotherapy Applied to Children's Literature (Karen L. Parker); (12) Alternatives to Sounding Out: The Influence of Explicit Cueing Strategies Instruction on Word Identification in Second Grade Students (Callie L. Fortenberry and Barbara J. Walker); (13) International Literature for U.S. Children and Young Adults: In Search of Difference (Patricia Bloem); (14) Study Skills in the Electronic Age (Joan A. Rhodes, Valerie J. Robnolt, and Judy S. Richardson); (15) "Grappling" with Culturally Relevant Instruction of Content Literacy: A Collaborative Model (Ruth Oswald, Lynn Smolen, Karen Herrington, Denise Stuart, and Susan Turner); and (16) Literacy Practicum Experiences in an Urban Setting: Building Bridges with the School, Home and Community (Joyce V. W. Warner, Nancy B. Masztal, and Ann C. Murphy). (Individual papers contain tables, figures, references, and appendices.) [For "Celebrating the Power of Literacy. The Twenty-Sixth Yearbook," see ED507687.]

For the thirty-first year, the Research and Theory Division of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) sponsored the publication of these Proceedings. Papers were presented at the annual AECT Convention in Orlando, Florida. This year's Proceedings has two sections--Section 1 includes research and development papers and Section 2 includes papers on the practice of educational communications and technology. (Individual papers contain references, figures, and tables.) [For Volume 1 of the 30th (2007) Proceedings, see ED499889. For Volume 2, see ED499896.]

This Yearbook begins with Robert J. Rickelman's presidential speech, "Predicting the Whether: Lessons Learned from the Past," which focused on looking at the "History of the College Reading Association" in order to predict some possible (the "whether") courses for the future of the organization. The author relied extensively on the "History of the College Reading Association: 1958-1998" (Alexander & Strode, 1999) as well as his own personal experiences from the past 25 years as a member and leader within the organization. The papers comprising this Yearbook that follow Rickelman's presidential address are: (1) Fast Start: Successful Literacy Instruction That Connects Schools and Homes (Nancy Padak and Tim Rasinski); (2) Preparing Elementary Teachers in Reading: Will University-Based Programs Move Forward or be "Left Behind" (James V. Hoffman); (3) Latino Children's Literature Is Mainstream (Becky Chavarria-Chairez); (4) Reflections, Remembrances and Resonances (Albert J. Mazurkiewicz); (5) Sharing Storybooks: A Study with Families from Diverse Cultural Backgrounds (Jacqueline Lynch); (6) The Effects of Visualization Instruction on First Graders' Story Retelling (Tracy Zimmerman); (7) Tuning into the Sounds of Language: Teaching Phonemic Awareness through Rhymes, Songs, Poetry and Children's Literature (JoAnn R. Dugan, Barrie A. Brancato, and Jocelynn L. Smrekar); (8) Teaching Fluently: Exploring Teaching Practices in Divergent Certification Programs (Catherine Zeek and Carole Walker); (9) Reading and Auditory Processing: A Collaborative Project (Daniel H. Sisterhen, Martha J. Larkin, Cathleen Doheny, and Donna M. Harkins); (10) Learner-Centered Teachers' Approaches to Literacy Instruction: Are They "Best Practice?" (Barbara Combs); (11) Author Study Inquiry Promotes "Theory into Practice" for Teaching Literacies (Linda S. Wold); (12) The Value of Interactive Writing as an Intervention for the Literacy Acquisition of Struggling First-Grade Students (Barbara K. O'Connor); (13) Engaging Preservice Teachers in Reading, "Sticky Note" Style: An Analysis and Practical Implications (Christene A. McKeon, Michelle L. Lenarz, and Linda C. Burkey); (14) Impacting Literacy Politics, Policies, and Legislation: Moving from Inactive Idlers and Reactive Regretters to Proactive Professionals (Francine Falk-Ross, Mona W. Matthews, Mary Beth Sampson, Barbara J. Fox, Jill Lewis, Maryann Mraz, Jill Reddish, D. Ray Reutzel, and Loraine T. Pace); (15) An Intervention Program for Helping Pre-Certified Teachers Succeed on the Teacher Licensing Exams (Agnes Marie Imburgin Stryker); (16) Preparing Preservice Teachers to Show Evidence of P-12 Pupil Learning (Jane F. Rudden and Lillie S. West); (17) How Preservice Teachers Score an Informal Reading Inventory: Strengths and Weaknesses (Jerry L. Johns and Susan K. L'Allier); (18) Becoming Teachers of Writing: A Model of Professional Development for Primary Teachers (Ruth A. Oswald and Kristine Lynn Still); (19) Early Childhood Teachers' Beliefs and Practices Toward Children's Subvocalizations During Reading (Carla Baker Deniz); (20) Someplace Special: Images of the Library Experience in Children's Literature (Suzanne S. Monroe); (21) SOLVE: An Innovative Assessment Tool for Facilitating Mathematics and Reading Literacy Among Diverse Learners (Rosalind Duplechain, Jill Reddish, and Elaine Roberts); (22) Student Led Literature Discussion Groups With High School ESL Students in Korea: The Journey (Donald D. Pottorff); (23) Dialogue with Caregivers: Perceptions of a Reading Clinic (Donna M. Harkins, Ronald S. Reigner, John M. Ponder, and Gary O. Gregg); (24) Follow the Reader: What Happens to Students Who Have Been Tutored in a University Reading Clinic? (Nancy G. Kennedy and Rita M. Bean); (25) Reading Between the Lines: Middle School Readers Uncover Messages in Magazine Advertisements (Roberta Linder and Francine Falk-Ross); (26) Recommended Procedures for Reading Mathematics in Current and Past Content/Secondary Reading Textbooks (Daniel L. Pearce and Nancy G. Reynolds); (27) Struggling Adolescent Readers: Just Because They're in a Developmental Reading Class Doesn't Mean They Need Phonics (Carol D. Wickstrom); (28) Summer Reading Programs: Perceptions of a University Freshman Reading Experience (Staci Stone, Bonnie Higginson, and Laura Liljequist); (29) Reading Professionals Learn On-Line: Using Threaded Discussions to Learn about Threaded Discussions (Judy S. Richardson, Charlene Fleener, and Linda Thistlewaite); and (30) Using Assistive Technology to Teach Content Area Literacy Strategies to Students with Disabilities (Kathleen Puckett and William Brozo). (Individual papers contain tables, figures, references, and appendices.)

This comprehensive document includes 47 papers on historical aspects of curriculum practice, theory, research, and leaders presented at meetings of the Society for the Study of Curriculum History (SSCH) between 1978 and 1991. Following a compiler's introduction, the document is organized into six parts: part 1 provides copies of the official printed programs for all meetings of SSCH from 1978 to 1991; part 2 contains the Index of Available Papers from SSCH from 1978-1991, listing papers by title and author, and indicating where each paper may be found; part 3 contains a document produced for SSCH in 1981 which reproduced 14 papers from the 1978 and 1979 meetings; part 4 contains a document produced for SSCH in 1983 which reproduced 12 papers from the 1978, the 1980, and the 1981 meetings; part 5 consists of a table of contents listing 23 papers published in the book, "Curriculum History," Craig Kridel, editor (Lanham, Maryland, University Press of America, 1989); part 6 contains 22 miscellaneous papers not previously available, assembled alphabetically by author. (LL)

For the thirtieth year, the Research and Theory Division of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the National AECT Convention in Anaheim, California. The Proceedings of AECT's Convention are published in two volumes. Volume 1 contains several dozen research and development papers dealing with instructional technology and instructional design. (Individual papers contain references, figures, and tables.) [For Volume 2, see ED499896.]

The 2011 Central States Conference on the Teaching of Foreign Languages, a joint conference with the Indiana Foreign Language Teachers Association, focused on trends, innovations, and national programs that are picking up steam as the first decade of the twenty-first century ends. Several innovations have the potential to unify world language goals with universal educational goals. The Partnership for 21st Century Skills, newly organized pathways in Career and Technical Education, and the adoption of national Common Core standards are just a few such initiatives that are building steam. At the 2011 conference, more than 165 workshop and session presenters brought information and expertise from across 17 states and across the nation to enlighten conference attendees. Trends and innovations on the themes of assessments, activities and strategies, technology, and the teaching of culture were especially well represented. This volume examines the ways of approaching language instruction with the new generation of students in mind and creating more learning opportunities to promote the acquisition of the twenty-first century knowledge and skills.